• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제30B권4호
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• pp.76-84
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• 1993

In this thesis, general method using autoregressive model in the functional separation of the myoelectric signal of human arm movements are suggested. Covariance method and sequential least squares algorithm were used to determine the model parameters and the order of signal model to describe six arm movement patterns` the forearm flexion and extension, the wrist pronation and supination, rotation-in and rotation out. The confidence interval to classify the functions of arm movement was defined by the mean and standard deviation of total squares error. With the error signals of autoregressive(AR) model, the result showed that the highest success, rate was abtained in the case of 4th order, and success rate was decreased with increase of order. This technique might be applied to biomedical-and rehabilitation-engi-neering.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1779-1785
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• 2010

The experiment is designed to create some useful data on the dressed shapes that contribute to simulating the adaptability of clothes. We studied the dressed shapes of blouse with above-elbow sleeves and sleeveless according to five types of arm movement (basic posture, reach forward 45, 90, and reach lateral 45, 90) in the stand-posture. Experiments were conducted to understand the dressed shape through 3-D measurement Vivid 910 and to investigate the width, depth, area distribution and gap of the shape of blouses on the section map with a software program for 3-D shape analysis, Rapid Form 2004. The Data were analyzed by factor analysis. The results of this study are as follows: The ratio of depth per width in the stand-posture was lower than other arm movements and the reach lateral was higher than the reach forward. The gap of the upper body was a briefed 4 factor; front, front-side, back, and back-side. It was higher than the sleeveless with a change of the gap in the dressed blouse with above-elbow sleeves by arm movements per stand-posture. The divisional gap shows the adaptability of clothes according to the types of blouse and arm movements in the change of the ratio.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of variations in arm swing during gait on movement of the trunk and pelvis. During the gait task, the angle of the trunk and pelvic rotation were analyzed according to arm swing conditions. Methods: Seventeen healthy males participated in this study. All subjects were analyzed for gait on a treadmill three times each under three different types of arm swing conditions - natural arm swing, restricted arm swing using a phone, restricted swing in both arms. 3-D motion analysis systems were used to collect and analyze the kinematic data of trunk and pelvic movements, and repeated one-way ANOVA was used to compare the trunk and pelvic kinematic data and symmetry index. The level of significance was ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: The results showed kinematic differences in trunk and pelvic during gait based on the arm swing conditions. Specifically, there were significant differences in trunk rotation, left and right trunk rotation and symmetry index of trunk rotation during gait among the three arm swing conditions. ROM was used to calculate a symmetry index (SI) based on the average left and right trunk rotation in which a value closer to zero indicated better balance. The SI obtained for arm swing restricted with the phone was closer to -1 than the other conditions. Conclusion: Restricted arm swing due to use of a phone had the possibility to induce instability of postural control while walking, which could be seen to suggest a risk of falling during gait.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the most appropriate arm-hole depth in 9 positions of arm movements. This subjects were four females, college students aged 18 to 23 years old. The clothing size 55 was used for this study. In the experiments for the investigation of the arm-hole depth, the evaluations were performed for aesthetic view, clothing adaptability to arm movements, and quantity of materials pulled up by 9 movements of arm. The results of this study were as follows: 1) In the aesthetic evaluation, there were no significant differences in arm-hole depths. 2) In the evaluation of clothing adaptability to arm movements, the experiment clothes, in which-arm-hole depths were raised, had more positive evaluations especially with the increasing the angle of arm movements. 3) In the evaluation of clothing adaptability to each body areas, there were no significant differences in all body areas except upper arm circumference blade. 4) In the evaluation of quantity of materials pulled up by arm movements, the clothes of B/4-2 arm-hole depth had the least amount pulled up by arm movements, which showed the highest adaptability to arm movement.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2023

Background: Arm swing plays a role in gait by accommodating forward movement through trunk balance. This study evaluates the biomechanical characteristics of arm swing during gait. Methods: The study performed computational musculoskeletal modeling based on motion tracking in 15 participants without musculoskeletal or gait disorder. A three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking system using three Azure Kinect (Microsoft) modules was used to obtain information in the 3D location of shoulder and elbow joints. Computational modeling using AnyBody Modeling System was performed to calculate the joint moment and range of motion (ROM) during arm swing. Results: Mean ROM of the dominant elbow was 29.7°±10.2° and 14.2°±3.2° in flexion-extension and pronation-supination, respectively. Mean joint moment of the dominant elbow was 56.4±12.7 Nm, 25.6±5.2 Nm, and 19.8±4.6 Nm in flexion-extension, rotation, and abduction-adduction, respectively. Conclusions: The elbow bears the load created by gravity and muscle contracture in dynamic arm swing movement.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2008

CNC wire bending machines are used in industries to make a type variety of wire products such as long links. The machines have a long arm device to rotate in order to remove forming errors by flexibility of wire. Generally, the machines which constructed servo motors in the arm have the rotating range of the arm under 360 degree because the servo motors connect with fixed control devices on frame by many cables. The rotating angle under 360 degree limits working speed and forming geometry. Therefore this study developed a gear train to drive a parts in arm and to be independent on arm rotation movement. The developed gear train can transfer four movements to four components in arm and is consists parallel of four pairs of satellite gear trains. This study constructed the CNC wire bending machine with the developed gear train and verified that the gear train could drive internal components independently on arm rotation.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.357-367
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 가상현실 기반 신경근 자세조절 융합 훈련을 이용하여 기능적 발목 불안정성을 가진 축구선수들의 균형 능력과 점프 수행력에 미치는 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 축구선수는 가상현실 기반 신경근 자세조절 융합 훈련군 15명과 일반적인 트레드밀 훈련군 15명으로 나누어 8주간 주 3회, 30분간 시행하였고, 균형 능력을 평가하기 위해 Biorescue를 이용하여 신체 중심 이동면적, 총 궤적길이, 안정성 한계를 측정하였다. 점프 수행력을 측정하기 위해 Counter movement jump with arm swing과 제자리 멀리 뛰기를 측정하였다. 균형 능력 비교에서는 신체 중심 이동면적과 총 궤적 길이 및 안정선한계에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고, 점프 수행력 비교에서는 Counter movement jump with arm swing과 제자리 멀리 뛰기에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이에 따라 가상현실 기반 신경근 자세조절 융합 훈련이 일반적인 트레드밀 훈련 보다 균형 능력과 점프 수행력을 향상시키는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1998

상지의 외전에 따른 관절와상완운동 및 견갑흉곽운동은 전체적으로 1.6:1의 비율로 일어나고 있었으며 외전초기에는 주로 관절와상완관절에서 운동이 일어나고 외전후기에는 관절와상완운동보 다도 견갑흉곽운동에서 약간 더 많은 운동이 일어 남을 알 수 있었다. 상지가 외전시 외회전운동은 약 70도정도가 일어나 상당히 많은 양의 외회전이 일어나고 있음을 알 수 있었으며 이 외회전운동은 외전초기에는 완만하게 일어나다 외전후기에 주로 일어나고 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 외전하는 동안 상완골두의 상방전위는 90도까지 3mm로 일정하게 일어나다 그 후로는 하방으로 다시전위되어 최대외전에서는 전위의 변화가 거의 없었으며 이 전위는 견봉상완간격의 변화와 밀접한관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 본 연구는 이차원적인 견관절운동에 대한 연구로 이를 참조하여 추후 삼차원적인 입체적 분석 및 다양한 방향에서의 견관절운동에 대한 좀 더 많은 연구와 관심이 필요할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.875-881
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• 2014

The redundancy resolution of the seven DOF (Degree of Freedom) upper limb exoskeleton is key to the synchronous motion between a robot and a human user. According to the seven DOF human arm model, positioning and orientating the wrist can be completed by multiple arm configurations that results in the non-unique solution to the inverse kinematics. This paper presents analysis on the kinematic and dynamic aspect of the human arm movement and its effect on the redundancy resolution of the seven DOF human arm model. The redundancy of the arm is expressed mathematically by defining the swivel angle. The final form of swivel angle can be represented as a linear combination of two different swivel angles achieved by optimizing two cost functions based on kinematic and dynamic criteria. The kinematic criterion is to maximize the projection of the longest principal axis of the manipulability ellipsoid of the human arm on the vector connecting the wrist and the virtual target on the head region. The dynamic criterion is to minimize the mechanical work done in the joint space for each of two consecutive points along the task space trajectory. The contribution of each criterion on the redundancy was verified by the post processing of experimental data collected with a motion capture system. Results indicate that the bimodal redundancy resolution approach improved the accuracy of the predicted swivel angle. Statistical testing of the dynamic constraint contribution shows that under moderate speeds and no load, the dynamic component of the human arm is not dominant, and it is enough to resolve the redundancy without dynamic constraint for the realtime application.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2015

팔의 사용이 자유롭지 못한 장애인들을 위하여 발의 움직임 검출을 통하여 로봇 팔을 제어할 수 있는 시스템을 구현하였다. 발의 움직임에 대한 영상을 얻기 위하여 양쪽 발 앞에 두 대의 카메라를 설치하였으며, 획득된 영상에 대해 LabView 기반 Vision Assistant를 이용하여 다중 관심영역을 설정한 후, 좌/우영역내에서 검출된 좌/우, 상/하 엣지를 기반으로 발의 움직임을 검출하였다. 좌/우 두발의 영상으로부터 좌/우 엣지와 상/하 엣지 검출 수에 따라 6관절 로봇 팔을 제어할 수 있는 제어용 데이터를 시리얼 통신을 통해 전송한 후 로봇 팔을 발로 상/하, 좌/우 제어할 수 있는 시스템을 구현하였다. 실험 결과 0.5초 이내의 반응속도와 88% 이상의 동작 인식률을 얻을 수 있었다.