• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.523-528
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• 2013

Background: The possibility that electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure may increase male breast cancer risk has been discussed for a long time. However, arguments have been presented that studies limited by poor quality could have led to statistically significant results by chance or bias. Moreover, data fo the last 10 years have not been systematically summarized. Methods and Results: To confirm any possible association, a meta-analysis was performed by a systematic search strategy. Totals of 7 case-control and 11 cohort studies was identified and pooled ORs with 95% CIs were used as the principal outcome measures. Data from these studies were extracted with a standard meta-analysis procedure and grouped in relation to study design, cut-off point, exposure assessment method, adjustment and exposure model. A statistical significant increased risk of male breast cancer with EMF exposure was defined (pooled ORs = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.14-1.52, P < 0.001), and subgroup analyses also showed similar results. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that EMF exposure may be associated with the increase risk of male breast cancer despite the arguments raised.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• 제14권
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• pp.151-174
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• 2001

Theories of international organization have explained the creation, maintenance, and decline of international organization. However, their explanations on changes of international organization have been much more different one another. For example, the theory of hegemonic stability argues that international organization can be created and maintained only by a hegemonic state and will be declined if the hegemonic state decline. On the other hand, the functional approach believes that the positive functions and effects that international organization provides motivate states to create and maintain the organization, while the game-theoretical approach explains international organization based on cost-benefit calculation of rational states. Thus, the empirical evaluation of the arguments of the theories of international organization and defining the major factors that determine international organization are necessary not only for the development of theories of international organization but also for making desirable policies toward international organization. For the purpose, this paper compares and contrasts the three major theories of international organization and applies the approaches to the case of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to test their arguments. Since the ICAO has been rarely examined by the theories of international organization, the case study could be desirable case to evaluate theories of international organization. In this sense, this paper attempts to define the major factors that determine the creation, maintenance, and decline of the ICAO. In particular, since the Korean government has changed its policy for air transport security system recently, it will investigate the role of ICAO on the policy change to define the limits and strength of ICAO. In conclusion, this paper will assess the relative explanatory power of each approach based on the analysis of the creation and changes of ICAO

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.93-127
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• 2002

This paper deals with a class of Middle English impersonal constructions that involve verbs of two-place argument structure. As is generally understood, the term 'impersonal' is notoriously murky, and after all those researches that have been performed in this area, quite a few issues still remain controversial. The issues we center around in the present study concern the following two. In the type of impersonal constructions we consider, the two arguments-Cause and Experiencer-are both expressed in oblique case, posing the problem of determining which of them functions as the grammatical subject. The issue, however. is not how an argument in oblique case can be taken as the subject: it is well blown that the so called 'dative subject Experiencer' already occurred in Old English. The real issue is why both of the arguments are syntactically realized as nonnominative. The other issue concerns the 3rd-person singular form of the verb. Here again, the crux of the problem may be blurred by the fact that impersonal construction is often defined as one in which the verb has 3rd-person singular form with no apparent nominative W controlling verb concord. But this definition is more nebulous than clear because the notion 'subjectless' is itself highly controversial. Thus, for an expression like me thinketh that-S, it may well be that the verb thinketh ('seems') is 3rd-person singular because the that-clause is the subject. What should be explained of the data brought up here is why the impersonal verb is 3rd-person singular when neither of the NPs associated with it is 3rd person or singular. I argue that we can account for our paradigm examples by looking upon them as 'mixed construction' in which semantic interpretation conflicts with syntactic parsing as a result of case syncretism and gradual establishment of SVO word order. This amounts to saying that the peculiarities of the construction originate with the confused use of impersonal verbs between the sense of 'give an impression' and that of 'receive and impression.'

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.49-67
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• 2007

The rapid spread of Internet has significant effects on changes in the distribution channel. The direct transaction between manufacturer and consumer could create the threats of dis-intermediation to existing channel members as middlemen. Air-ticket market also has changed in Internet marketing channel era. This study is mainly concerned with understanding the reaction of travel agency to Internet marketing channel. The objectives of this study is to propose and test the model that the perceived threats of dis-intermediation affect the reactions of travel agency: increasing channel competence, decreasing concentration, and deriving diversification. The model basically adopted the arguments of intertype competition, considering the arguments of re- intermediation in order to explain the reaction of using Internet. The result of survey from 158 travel agencies supported most of hypotheses. All the hypotheses are accepted except the relationship between threats of dis-intermediation and increasing channel competence.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.37-55
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to present a text summarization system using a knowledge base containing information about verbs and their arguments that are statistically obtained from a subject domain. The system consists of two modules: the training module and the summarization module. The training module is to extract cue verbs and their basic sentence patterns by counting the frequency of verbs and case markers respectively, and the summarization module is substantiate basic sentence patterns and to generate summaries. Basic sentence patterns are substantiated by applying substantiation rules to the syntactics structure of sentences. A summary is then produced by connecting simple sentences that the are generated through the substantiation module of basic sentence patterns. ‘robbery’in the daily newspapers are selected for a test collection. The system generates natural summaries without losing any essential information by combining both cue verbs and essential arguments. In addition, the use of statistical techniques makes it possible to apply this system to other subject domains through its learning capability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1125-1137
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• 2011

This study investigates when and why the light pink Dan-ryoung appeared as part of the official uniform of the Joseon Dynasty and which official uniform used the light pink color. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, books written by scholars, and related laws were used as research materials. The following results were obtained by analyzing the arguments of kings and officials on light pink uniforms and laws related to official uniforms. 1. Red was the color of the king as well as the color of Dang-sang-gwan's Gong-bok (one of the official uniforms). 2. The colors such as To-hong, Dam-hong, Do-hong, Bun-hong, Cheon-hong that appeared in Sang-bok (among official uniforms) were relatively lighter than red. 3. To-hong started to be used in Sang-bok at the time of King Se-jong and was used at the time of King Seong-jong in Sang-bok because it was the preferred color. 4. In the Joseon Dynasty, safflower (the basis of red color dye) was cultivated extensively; in addition, people liked red dyeing because it was relatively easy apply; subsequently, a ban on red dyeing was continually issued. 5. Kings Se-jong and Jung-jong ordered officials to use Do-hong and Bun-hong to distinguish the red color of the king. After Im-jin-oe-ran, Cheon-hong was officially designated the color of Sang-bok. 6. The reasons why Dam-hong was used in official uniforms were twofold: the preference for red-like colors and the influence of the Confucian hierarchy to distinguish the king.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.767-777
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• 2012

This study analyzed the system and arguments on the light-pink official uniforms and investigated the backgrounds and principles on the changes of the Sibok system. A study on light-pink danryeong in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty is a de facto study on Sibok since the name of the light-pink official uniforms (implemented at the time of King Seonjo) changed from Sangbok to Sibok. Sangbok is discussed to explain the name change from Sangbok to Sibok and distinguish their usages; in addition, Gongbok is examined to understand the characteristics of the Sibok system. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (books written by scholars) and related laws are used as research materials. The research results are as follows. The name of the light-pink uniforms (a custom before the Japanese invasion in 1592) changed from Sangbok to Sibok at the time of King Gwanghaegun and the light-pink uniform was used as a relatively light formal uniform compared to Sangbok. Sibok was added to the law Sok-dae-jeon at the time of King Yeongjo (because the king respected the custom) and its color rank system was denoted from light-pink and red. Sibok was revised to light-pink, blue, and green under the law Dae-jeon-tong-pyeon that was promulgated at time of King Jeongjo. In the development of the Sibok system in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty, the color rank system of Gongbok was reflected. The sovereign ideas in the official uniforms in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty (revealed in the study of the system and arguments on the light-pink official uniforms) were the thoughts that respected the custom and the principles that distinguish ranks to establish a Confucian based hierarchy.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2019

In order to suggest ways to enhance service competitiveness in cruise and destination, this study developed a measure of cruise tour service and analyzed the impact and relative importance on customer satisfaction. Specifically, for the service quality analysis, based on the SERVPERF model, the specialty of the industry was reflected through the arguments of tourism and transport logistics, and the three factors of cruise service quality and destination service quality were derived and utilized as measurement tools. As an analysis method, factor and reliability analysis were conducted using data collected via a survey. Next, correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between variables and regression analysis was performed to check the impact of cruise tour service quality on customer satisfaction. The study found that both cruise service attributes and destination service attributes had a positive effect on customer satisfaction and that the relative importance of service attributes was identified. Accordingly, it was found that the service quality should be formed by reflecting arguments in the tourism and transport logistics sectors and that the service should be further improved and developed according to the importance of the service attributes so as to enhance cruise tour products.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.275-278
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• 2018

This study examines how poem and poetic ego of Cho Ji-Hoon form synapses. It is to clarify the synaptic structure of the healing, the contact point between the literary mechanism and the mechanism of the ego. Therefore, it aims to encode the active therapy by substituting the structure into the literary therapy program. Cho Ji-Hoon's poem "Bellflower Flower" is a mesh of poem, and a mesh of semantic arguments is set up for the 'Bellflower Flower' of functor. At this time, the longing that attracts depression to the net of the semantic argument is caught. This exists as a function of healing. If we embody a literary therapy program that utilizes the synaptic structure of this healing, it will be able to experience the function of literary therapy improved than before.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.399-422
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• 2001

Models for human cognition currently discussed in cognitive science cannot be appropriate ones. The symbolic model of the traditional artificial intelligence works for reasoning and problem-solving tasks, but doesn't fit for pattern recognition such as letter/sound cognition. Connectionism shows the contrary phenomena to those of the traditional artificial intelligence. Connectionist systems has been shown to be very strong in the tasks of pattern recognition but weak in most of logical tasks. Brooks' situated action theory denies the. notion of representation which is presupposed in both the traditional artificial intelligence and connectionism and suggests a subsumption model which is based on perceptions coming from real world. However, situated action theory hasn't also been well applied to human cognition so far. In emphasizing those characteristics of models I refer those models 'left-brain model', 'right-brain model', and 'robot model' respectively. After I examine those models in terms of substantial items of cognitions- mental state, mental procedure, basic element of cognition, rule of cognition, appropriate level of analysis, architecture of cognition, I draw three arguments of embodiment. I suggest a way of unifying those existing models by examining their theoretical compatability which is found in those arguments.