• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2006

Purpose: To compare of health inequalities between rural and urban areas in term of health status, health behaviors and medical care utilization by using national-wide data. Method: The data came from the 2000 and 2005 census data, 2004 death certification statistics and 2001 national health and nutrition survey. The health indicators used in this study were mortality, perceived health status, health related behaviors, morbidity, accidents and suicides, mental health-related factors, health care accessibility. Korean rural areas have been experiencing a rapid aging process and there are demographic differences between rural and urban populations. Thus, both of crude rates and age-adjusted rates were compared. Result: Although the degrees decreased after adjustment for age, health inequalities between areas still existed. The people who lived in rural areas suffer from higher mortality, morbidity and unhealthy behavior compared to people in urban areas. Especially, regional health inequalities for women were significant. Health care accessibility in rural areas was also lower and medical indirect costs for rural residents were higher than those of urban residents. Conclusion: To reduce health inequalities between geographical areas, political efforts to tackle health inequalities in the rural areas are required.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 1991

In Korea, small-scale reclaimed areas have been suffering from many problems because of the lack of comprehensive developing strategy although considerable investments have been inputed by the public sector since 1970's. For 3 reclaimed sites in Chonnam Province choser as case study areas, the analysis, the second attempt of widely-spanned studies on areal conditions, concentrated on their farming and economic conditions. Its results were as follows ; 1. Although farming pattern has been transferred to the full4ime rice cropping type by the creation of reclaimed paddy field, farming size in the areas has not been increased more than that in existing agricultural areas. This means that agricultural planning should be included in the initial stage of reclamation projects, especially with reference to the substantial enlargement of farming size. 2. Block parcelling of severely fragmented holdings in new and old lands should be carried out, which can make farming activities efficient and farming route shortened. In large-scale reclaimed areas, new village planning could be considered in its central zone for efficent farming. 3. Because soil in the areas contains much more salt and water than that in other areas, new design methodology should be introduced for the efficient use of agricultural machines in reclaimed areas. 4. There are deep-seated economic problems in reclaimed area, which have been caused by very poor level and agriculturally dominated structure of household income. These problems should motivate farmers to give up positive action for qualitative and quantitative improvement in farming.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1985

^x In Korea, we are entering on a new phase that the use concept of urban park is extending to dynamic activities such as games and sports. This article is to investigate the significance of lawn areas, as a receptive space of such a wide range of recreation activities. As a study process, Green Styles (type of parks) such as Garden Type, Park Type and Forest Type were studied and historical review of lawn areas in park development was performed. In conclusion, the lawn areas ( greensward) are an essential part of park and open space organization. The significance as a conclusion is presented as follows : 1 ) Balance in type of parks The structures of our parks and open spaces are inclined toward the artificial Garden Type and natural Forest Type. Therefore, the intermediate Park Type and sparse wood areas should be a core part of our park and open space development. 2) Psychological effect Park Type areas, thorned by greensward(lawn area), can refresh urban dwellers with natural picturesque landscaps, and Park Type landscape is the most preferred natural landscape. It shows the essence of natural amenity as 3) Accomodation of wide range of recreation activities Lawn areas in urban park are the best place in accomodating the wide range of active and massive recreation activities. Thus, lawn areas can increase the freedom of recreation use in urban park. 4) Enlargement of physical carrying capacity. With expansion of lawn areas of euro- american concept, the structural open space can be transformed into service open space. Thus, the recreation carrying capacity of urban parks can be enlarged.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.779-787
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• 2021

This study analyzes structural landscape changes over a time-series for a small and medium-sized city, Gangneung-Si, based on area and distribution patterns, and according to the type of land cover. Among the types of land cover, the area ratio of urbanized areas increased by 2.02% in the late 2010s as compared to the late 1980s, while there was a decrease of 2.69% in farmland and 0.69% in grassland areas. On analyzing the changes in land cover use by applying the Fragstats program, it was confirmed that landscape changes in urban and management areas were relatively severe according to the Landscape Shape Index, Largest Patch Index, and Aggregation Index. A pattern of concentrated expansion was also found around certain areas. In particular, from the analysis, it was established that the proportion of urbanized area had considerably increased and that the extent of farmland damage to management areas, including planned management areas, was large. Additionally, the Total Core Area generally indicated a reduction in the core areas of farmland and forest within urban and management areas. A medium-sized city showed significant changes besides large cities in terms of landscape structure. The developmental pressure on management areas, in particular, was quite high.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2018

본 연구는 산림 우점식생 변화가 지표면 온도에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 우리나라 대표적 혹서지역인 대구광역시를 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 산림 우점식생 변화 유형별 온도변화는 1990년과 2007년의 Landsat TM 영상 2scene을 분석하여 확인하였다. 토지피복유형은 산림지역, 시가화지역, 경작지 및 기타지역, 수역으로 구분하였고, 산림지역의 경우 침엽수와 활엽수로 구분하였다. 산림 우점식생 변화 유형에 따른 지표면 온도 변화를 확인하기 위해 통계분석을 실시한 결과 산림이 시가화지역으로 변화될 경우 온도는 높아지며, 유형별로 살펴보면 활엽수림이 시가화지역으로 변화된 경우 약 $0.6^{\circ}C$, 침엽수림이 시가화지역으로 변화된 경우 약 $0.2^{\circ}C$ 온도가 상승하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 단순히 17년간 유형변화에 따른 온도 차이로 현재까지 유형이 유지된 경우와 변화된 경우를 동시에 고려할 경우 온도는 더 높은 차이를 보였다. 활엽수림의 경우 활엽수림이 유지될 때 보다 시가화지역으로 변화 될 경우 온도는 $2.3^{\circ}C$ 증가하였으며, 침엽수림의 경우 침엽수림이 유지될 때 보다 시가화지역으로 변화될 경우 $1.9^{\circ}C$ 온도가 증가하였다. 산림의 경우 시가화지역으로 변화될 때 온도가 상승하며 산림식생유형 중 침엽수가 파괴되었을 경우보다 활엽수가 파괴되었을 때 $0.4^{\circ}C$ 온도가 추가적으로 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 도시기온 완화를 위해서는 도시림 내에서 활엽수림의 보호가 더 효율적인 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2018

본 연구는 작지만 생태적으로 가치있는 마을습지 분포를 파악하여 GIS/DB를 구축하고 보전 관리 및 현명한 이용 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상지는 전형적인 농어촌마을인 서천군으로서, 먼저 수치지형도(1:5,000)를 바탕으로 Arc-GIS를 이용하여 마을습지 가능지를 파악하였다. 또한 마을습지 관리를 위해 면적 $625m^2$ 이상인 습지와 미만인 습지로 구분하여 각각 도출하였으며, 생태권역에 따라 도심지역, 내륙지역, 해안지역으로 구분하였다. 이렇게 조사된 마을습지 가능지를 습지판별 지표에 따라 실내조사 및 현장답사를 통해 최종 마을습지로 판별하였다. 연구결과 도출된 서천군 마을습지 가능지는 570개소로서, 이를 생태권역으로 구분하면 도심지역 74개소, 내륙지역 220개소, 해안지역 276개소 등으로 나타났다. 습지판별 사례연구는 각 생태권역별로 도심지역 2개읍 중 1개읍(서천읍), 해안지역 4개면 중 2개면(비인면, 서면), 내륙지역 7개면 중 3개면(마산면, 한산면, 시초면)을 대상으로 하였다. 마을습지 분포는 면적 $625m^2$ 미만의 마을습지가 대부분으로서 소규모 마을습지에 대한 체계적 관리전략이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 내륙지역에 비해 해안지역이나 도심지역의 마을습지 판별율이 상대적으로 낮게 나타났는데 이는 내륙지역이 아직 덜 교란되었음을 말해주고 있고, 상대적으로 도심지역과 해안지역 토지이용이 빠르게 변화하고 있으며 특히 마을습지와 같이 중요성이 덜 인식된 토지들이 비교적 쉽게 훼손되고 있어 관리전략이 시급함을 알 수 있었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.545-555
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• 2023

본 연구는 국내 고양이(Felis catus)의 분포밀도와 잠재 서식지를 예측하여 핵심분포지역을 선정하고, 보호지역을 중첩하여 우선으로 고양이 관리가 시행되어야 할 지역을 선정하고자 하였다. 분포밀도 파악을 위해 커널밀도추정을 사용하였고, 고밀도 지역을 분류한 결과 수도권 지역과 충남, 대전, 대구에서 밀도가 높았다. MaxEnt 모형을 활용한 잠재 서식지 예측에서는 고도, 시가지로부터의 거리, 지표 거칠기 등이 중요한 변수로 확인되었고, 임계값을 기준으로 출현/비출현 지역을 분류한 결과 수도권과 세종, 대전, 충남, 대구에서 출현 예측 지역의 면적이 높았다. 고밀도 지역과 출현 예측 지역을 중첩하여 핵심분포지역을 선정하였고, 핵심분포지역과 야생동물 보호지역을 중첩하여 우선으로 관리해야 할 지역을 파악하였다. 그 결과 경기도와 충남지역이 제일 면적이 넓은 지역으로 선정되었다. 또한 보호지역과 같은 우선 관리 대상 지역을 중심으로 핵심분포지역이 둘러싸고 있어, 추가적인 유입을 막고 관리하기 위한 완충구역을 설정하는 것이 필요하다. 이러한 결과는 고양이의 서식현황을 조사하고, 우리나라 실정에 맞는 관리방안 설정을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.485-491
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• 2008

The present study examined the relation between land cover condition and temperature in various types of urban green spaces. The diagram of temperature distribution showed that high-temperature zones are formed around paved areas, and low temperature zone around planted areas and grassy areas. Even in planted areas where low-temperature zones were formed, temperature was different according to hierarchical structure. That is, temperature was relatively low in areas covered with arbor + sub-arbor. With regard to land cover ratio, the increase of planted areas and grassy areas had an effect on the fall of temperature and the effect was higher in order of planted areas and grassy areas. On the contrary, paved areas and bare areas had an effect on the rise of temperature. According to the results of factor analysis, in case of the highest temperature, planted area and grassy area were put together into a factor lowering temperature, paved area and temperature into a factor raising temperature, and bare area alone into a factor of low significance. In case of the lowest temperature, grassy area and bare area were put together into a factor, and the validity of the factor analysis was proved by the analysis of urban heat islands. An increase in the number of trees by height was effective in lowering temperature, and the effect was high in order to arbor and sub-arbor, and the source of coldness in planted area was tall trees.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.387-402
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• 2005

In this study, we tried to predict the change of future land-cover and relationships between land-cover change and geo-spatial information in the Gongju area by using fuzzy logic operation. Quantitative evaluation of prediction models was carried out using a prediction rate curve using. Based on the analysis of correlations between the geo-spatial information and land-cover change, the class with the highest correlation was extracted. Fuzzy operations were used to predict land-cover change and determine the land-cover prediction maps that were the most suitable. It was predicted that in urban areas, the urban expansion of old and new towns would occur centering on the Gem-river, and that urbanization of areas along the interchange and national roads would also expand. Among agricultural areas, areas adjacent to national roads connected to small tributaries of the Gem-river and neighboring areas would likely experience changes. Most of the forest areas are located in southeast and from this result we can guess why the wide chestnut-tree cultivation complex is located in these areas and the possibility of forest damage is very high. As a result of validation using the prediction rate curve, it was indicated that among fuzzy operators, the maximum fuzzy operator was the most suitable for analyzing land-cover change in urban and agricultural areas. Other fuzzy operators resulted in the similar prediction capabilities. However, in the prediction rate curve of integrated models for land-cover prediction in the forest areas, most fuzzy operators resulted in poorer prediction capabilities. Thus, it is necessary to apply new thematic maps or prediction models in connection with the effective prediction of changes in the forest areas.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2008

As a transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, riparian areas of rivers and streams play significant roles in production and decomposition for river and stream systems. Understanding of the physical and ecological characteristics of riparian areas are, therefore, important for the management of river and stream systems. It is especially important to understand the characteristics of riparian areas for the Nakdong River in Korea which has a large watershed area and diverse land uses. This study aimed at collecting field data, according to stream types, which are essential for the management of riparian areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Nakdong River, Korea. Most riparian areas surveyed in this study had roads within 100 meters from river edges. Distances from water edge to banks were less than 1m for most riparian areas neighboring agricultural lands, indicating that those areas might be very vulnerable to pollutant inputs from non-point sources. Water quality data indicated that soil erosion in the riparian areas could be a major source of phosphorus input to the Nakdong River and land use patters might have a significant influence on nitrogen concentration in the river. Heavy metal concentrations in soils of the riparian areas of the river were below soil quality standards, except arsenic and chromium. Vegetation surveys showed that therophytes were the most frequently occurred riparian plants in the Nakdong River. Number of aquatic plant species increased downstream, with the most diverse aquatic plants observed in wetlands and irrigation canals of the West Nakdong River. Occurrence rate of naturalized plants and urbanization index were high in the survey sites adjacent to urban and agricultural areas.