• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2002

This study was conducted to compare protected areas of South and North Korea based on international conservation criteria and recommend new fundamental directions for nature conservation policy. International conservation criteria used by this research were the 1994 IUCN protected area categories, composed of 6 management categories. Despite a variety of types and names of protected areas created by different domestic legislations, South Korea was revealed to have only two types of protected areas, Category IV and V, indicating the significant lack of ecological diversity and representativeness in its protected area system. Shockingly, there are no national parks meeting IUCN criteria in South Korea. On the other hand, North Korea has three IUCN Categories of II, III, IV and thus more balanced and ecologically representative protected area network than South Korea. Especially, North Korea maintains 9 national parks to be officially recognized by IUCN and UN. However, both South and North Korea should make sincere effort to have new and well-designed protected area system including all IUCN Categories I -Ⅵ and particularly a minimum area in the stricter protected area categories.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.4653-4657
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• 2013

The atmospheric corrosion rate were measured in Asan area for four years according to ISO 9224. The tested metals chosen as the most frequently used in industry, aluminum were copper, carbon steel, weathgering steel, and galvanized steel. The assessed corrosivity categories was 3 in average. The corrosivity categories of asan area was higher than typical rural area and even urban area, whereas it slightly lower than marine area. The results were discussed, specially as the regional climatic characteristics.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

Despite the steady effort of kitchen furniture industry, consumers' complains never seem to decrease. The common storage problem of the houses of different sizes(20 pyeong, 30 pyeong, and 40 pyeong) was the dificiency of storage area and inadequate shelf division. It implies that such dificiency in kitchens is not because of the size of storage area, but because of such a great diversity of kitchenware and lack of studies on these items. The purpose of this research is to provide the checklist of the variety and quantity of stored kitchenware in researched area and easily adopt it to the kitchen furniture design. Studied household in average hold 239 types and about 890 items. The size of residence did not effect the number much. The first step of making the checklist is to categorize items into 9 biggest categories considering the usage of items and in which step of the preparing food the item was used. Second step is to categorize the items into 31 smaller categories reflecting the shape of items, the storage style and the place of storage. Third step is to sort the items into smallest categories by the frequency of use, storage type, and additional capacity of an item. Even when items are sorted into the same higher level of categories, the frequency of use caused storage area to differ. Also, storage style of an item differed according to the storage area. Based on these factors, we listed items in detail and made the checklist.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1983.04a
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• pp.9-12
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• 1983

Local Area Network is a rapidly developing area of interst and activity in the computer field. A.J. Thurber has classified the LAN with 7 categories. We choose two example system among these categories, such as Distributed Computer Network(DCN) and Labolink. In this paper, We propose the Local Area Network of Jeonbuk National University according to the choosen two example.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.53-65
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop a checklist based on the stored items of cooking, for making a good kitchen furniture reseach. The research candidates are purposive sampled from 30 households of for 40 or 50 pyeong-type apartments in Kangnam, Seoul, The research data are is collected gotten at by a field study of the stored items of cooking, eating and utility area, by an in-depth interview to 30 households, and by a field survey of the department stores, super-markets of home appliances. Studied households in average hold about 890 items, which are classified as 239 sorts. The first step of making the checklist is to categorize items into 9 biggest categories, considering the usage of items and the stage of the preparing the food. when the item was used. Second step of making the checklist is to categorize the items into 31 smaller categories, which reflect the shape of items, the storage style and the place of storage. Third step of making the checklist is to sort the items into smallest categories by the frequency of the usage, storage type, and the additional capacity of the item. Even Although items are sorted into the same level of categories, the frequency of use make a different storage area. Also, the storage style of the items was different according to the storage area. Based on these factors, we suggested a checklist based on the stored items of cooking.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.20-30
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• 2003

This study is aimed at establishing the categories and items for ecological assessment and evaluation of the environmental friendliness of golf courses in the capital region of Korea. The categories and items for the assessment have been derived based on the existing literature and interviews with golf experts. This study covers 32 golf courses in the capital region of Korea that are available in terms of data and on-site surveys. In order to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the environmental friendliness of the golf courses, the assessment area was divided into 4 categories that include a total of 14 sub-categories. The 4 categories encompass 1) location, 2) topography, 3) vegetation, and 4) construction. As its sub-categories, the location category includes current land use and zoning in the National Land Use Management Law. Topography has 2 sub-categories in the damage ratio of existing topography, gradient, cut area, and slope height. The assessment of vegetation is largely based on site surveys in the categories of preservation of the existing vegetation, the use of natural resources and existing trees, the component ratio of native tree species, the multi-layered structure of vegetation, and the utilization of water purification plants. In the aspect of construction, afforestation on tile slopes and the utilization of existing surface soil were evaluated. The examination of comparative analysis among the 10 items as a ratio measure showed that the scores were low in the sub-categories of current land we, the use of existing trees, and the multi-layered structure of vegetation. However, the rating results were satisfactory in the 2 sub-categories including cut area, and the utilization of native tree species. Those proved to be contributing factors in the ecological health of the golf courses. According to correlation analysis of the 10 items to the overall ecological rating of each golf course, the sizes of the 32 golf courses were mainly affected by the damage ratio of existing topography, gradient, preservation of vegetation and slope height. This study has the initiative to conduct an ecological assessment of golf courses in the country based on site surveys. The study results revealed that location factors such as current land use, damage ratio of topography and gradient and topographical factors were the main factors affecting the environmental friendliness of golf courses. This indicates indicating the significance of these factors in the future construction practices of golf courses. Furthermore, this study raises the need for follow-up studies to establish more detailed assessment criteria and to develop assessment techniques for areas such as slope afforestation and water purification plants that need a qualitative approach.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.568-579
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• 2019

The present study aims to identify the effect of land cover categories on particulate matter (PM) concentrations by analyzing the correlation between monthly PM concentrations in Seoul's air quality monitoring network and the percentages of land cover categories by buffers around air quality monitoring stations. According to a monthly correlation analysis between land cover categories and PM concentrations, in the buffer 3km, PM₁₀ showed a better correlation than PM_2.5, there was a clear negative correlation with the forest area, the grassland and the urbanized area had some positive correlation with PM₁₀, and the barren land and the urbanized area had some positive correlation with PM_2.5. According to a monthly correlation analysis of dominant land cover sub-categories and sub-sub-categories within the buffer 3km, PM₁₀ showed a clear negative correlation with the broad-leaved forest, and some positive correlation with the road was dominant. PM_2.5 showed partly negative correlation with the broad-leaved forest and partly positive correlation with the commercial area. There was a very low or no correlation with other grassland and bare land subcategories. A monthly stepwise regression analysis on noticeable land cover sub-categories and sub-sub-categories with positive or negative correlations revealed that an increasing percentage of the broad-leaved forest had a clear effect on reducing PM₁₀ concentrations, and the road was excluded from the selected variables. Although an increasing percentage of the commercial area had some effect on increasing monthly PM_2.5 concentrations and an increasing percentage of the broad-leaved forest had an effect on decreasing the PM_2.5 concentrations, their effect size was smaller than that on PM₁₀. The forest area around the city center had the largest and clearest effect on reducing PM concentrations. The urbanized area's sub-categories and sub-sub-categories were also confirmed to have some effect on increasing PM concentrations.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.135-154
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• 2004

This study was investigated to the geographical categories and arrangement of library classifications and public organizations in ender to understand the geographical category comprehension and canon from the north-west to south-east in Korean library classification and then to develop a Korean geographical classification system Research method was the examination of different type of library classification (DDC, NDC, LCC) and geographical categorizations of the public organizations. The results show that there was not a principle of categorization and arrangement for geographical information. This study proposes to the three hierarchical structures and radial category arrangement from center-area to side area for developing Km geographical classification.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.257-271
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to confirm that the pulse analyzer is useful for analyzing characteristics of variables of pulse waves in age categories, evaluating pulse waves of the metabolic syndrome group, compared with those of the non-metabolic syndrome group in Korean adults. Methods : The pulse wave variables were measured in Guan of all 1,056 subjects by the pulse analyzer, using a pen-type piezoresistive sensor. The physical measurement, blood test and survey were also performed by each subject. Results : In the age categories, height of pre-incisura (h2), height of tidal wave (h3), area of percussion wave (Aw), and width of percussion wave (w) increased in accordance with increase in age. While ratio of systolic period area (As) went up according to the increase of age, ratio of diastolic period area (Ad) went down. Radial augmentation index (R-AI), h2/h1, h3/h1, w/t and angle of percussion wave went up by aging, generally. Aw rate (Aw/At) also increased. Among the metabolic syndrome group, in the ages of 19 and 44, ratio of systolic period area (As) was higher and ratio of diastolic period area (Ad) was lower than in the non-metabolic group. w/t, Aw/At, and angle of percussion wave were higher than in the non-metabolic syndrome group. Among the metabolic syndrome group over the age of 60, height of pre-incisura (h2), height of tidal wave (h3), total area (At), area of percussion wave (Aw), radial augmentation index (R-AI), h2/h1 and h3/h1 were higher than in the non-metabolic syndrome group. Conclusions : The pulse analyzer is useful to analyze arterial stiffness in the age categories and in the metabolic syndrome group by some measures.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.303-316
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• 2015

The relationship between urban spatial structures and GHG-AP integrated emissions was investigated by statistically analyzing those from 25 administrative districts of Seoul. Urban spatial structures, of which data were obtained from Seoul statistics yearbook, were classified into five categories of city development, residence, environment, traffic and economy. They were further classified into 10 components of local area, population, number of households, residential area, forest area, park area, registered vehicles, road area, number of businesses and total local taxes. GHG-AP integrated emissions were estimated based on IPCC(intergovernmental panel on climate change) 2006 guidelines, guideline for government greenhouse inventories, EPA AP-42(compilation of air pollutant emission factors) and preliminary studies. The result of statistical analysis indicated that GHG-AP integrated emissions were significantly correlated with urban spatial structures. The correlation analysis results showed that registered vehicles for GHG (r=0.803, p<0.01), forest area for AP (r=0.996, p<0.01), and park area for AP (r=0.889, p<0.01) were highly significant. From the factor analysis, three groups such as city and traffic categories, economy category and environment category were identified to be the governing factors controlling GHG-AP emissions. The multiple regression analysis also represented that the most influencing factors on GHG-AP emissions were categories of traffic and environment. 25 administrative districts of Seoul were clustered into six groups, of which each has similar characteristics of urban spatial structures and GHG-AP integrated emissions.