• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2017

This paper describes in detail proximate composition, nutritional profile, phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activities, antimicrobial potential, and antihemolytic activity (towards human erythrocytes) of various fractions of wild Ganoderma lucidum. Proximate analysis established that wild G. lucidum comprises about $87.02{\pm}5.45%$ of moisture, and the remaining part is a rich source of proteins ($8.59{\pm}0.37%$), crude fiber ($54.21{\pm}1.2%$), and carbohydrate (35.16%) with smaller fat content (3.33 %). Similarly, phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids ($217.51{\pm}0.30mg/g$), ascorbic acid ($116{\pm}7.32mg/g$), phenolics ($360.72{\pm}34.07mg/g$), ${\beta}$-carotenes ($0.42{\pm}0.04{\mu}g/g$), and lycopene ($0.05{\pm}0.00{\mu}g/g$). Extracts of wild G. lucidum in various solvents provided first line protection against Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida in the order of ethyl acetate> ethanol> methanol> n-hexane> water. Furthermore, aqueous and methanolic extracts of wild G. lucidum were found to be safe towards human erythrocytes. Overall, wild mushroom (G. lucidum) was found to be a good source of dietary supplements, antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in the pursuance of its commercial utilization in food and pharmaceutical industries.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

The seed powder of Abrus precatorius L. has traditionally been used as oral contraceptive agent by the women in some rural areas in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to examine the antifertility activity of A. precatorius seed extracts in experimental female rats. Finely ground seeds were extracted with aqueous acetone followed by successive partitioning with n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and water. Water suspended crude seed powder, organic fractions of acetone extract and a standard contraceptive drug ($Nordette^{(R)}28$) were separately administered orally to the female rats for 30 days. n-Hexane, EtOAc and MeOH solubles at the doses of 2, 4 and 6 mg/rat/day, respectively and crude seed powder at 100 mg/rat/day exhibited 100% antifertility activity with lowest levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and $17{\beta}$-estradiol. Histological study of ovary and uterus of these rats exhibited reduced number of developing follicles and increased number of atretic follicles in the ovary, and fewer uterine glands with shrunken morphology, reduced endometrial height, poor vascularity and compact stroma in uterus. However, the activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and the body weight of the rats remained almost unaffected in all the seed extract treated rats compared to control. These results suggest that A. precatorius seed extracts reduced the levels of serum FSH, LH and $17{\beta}$-estradiol probably by affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The reduced levels of these hormones might have affected the oestrous cycle, follicular development, and subsequently the establishment of pregnancy in treated rats.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.16.1-16.7
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• 2018

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are linked with several complications such as metastasis of cancer progression, oxidative stress, and hepatic fibrosis. Brown seaweeds are being extensively studied for their bioactive molecule content against cancer progression. In this context, Sargassum horneri was reported to possess various bioactivities including antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory partly due to its phenolic compound content. Methods: In this study, potential of S. horneri was evaluated through anti-MMP effect in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. S. horneri crude extract was fractionated with organic solvents, namely, water ($H_2O$), n-buthanol (n-BuOH), 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq. MeOH), and n-hexane. The non-toxicity of fraction samples (Sargassum horneri solvent-partitioned extracts (SHEs)) was confirmed by cell-viability assay. SHEs were tested for their ability to inhibit MMP enzymatic activity through gelatin digestion evaluation and cell migration assay. Expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs) were evaluated by reverse transcription and Western blotting. Results: All fractions inhibited the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 according to gelatin zymography. Except $H_2O$ fraction, fractions hindered the cell migration significantly. All tested fractions suppressed both mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. Conclusion: Overall, current results suggested that S. horneri has potential to be a good source for anti-MMP agents, and further investigations are underway for better understanding of the action mechanism and isolation and elucidation of the bioactive molecules.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2011

This study tried to integrate the traditional oriental medical theories and results of experimental studies of herbaceous plants on anti-diabetes. And I tried to analyze recent experimental study trend on the anti-diabetic herb. I searched anti-diabetic herb studies on 4 korean databases and 10 korean journals by keywords, 'diabetes', 'blood glucose', 'glycometabolism', 'pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell', etc. In order to see detail review, searching was performed from 2000 to 2010. And I searched 125 study cases concerning anti-diabetic herb and 72 varieties herbaceous plants used in study of anti-diabetes. and I analyzed the choice motives of each herb for anti-diabetic study, the extract methods and anti-diabetic evaluation contents. And I analyzed anti-diabetic herbs from a traditional oriental medical point of view. When the researchers chose herb for anti-diabetic experiment, just 8.8% of the choice was based on the oriental medical evidences. I found that 60.6% of the herb shown to be effective in diabetes experimentally had oriental medical theory-based Properties(性). There were studies with whole plants(16.8%), aqueous extract(45.6%), methanol extract(8.0%), ethanol extract(8.0%) and comparative studies of more than 2 types of extracts or various fractions(18.4%). The most frequent experimental diabetic models was diabetic mouse induced by streptozotocin(STZ)(87.8%). And there were db/db mouse(6.7%), ob/ob mouse(1.1%), etc. 33.6% of all studies just measured hematological indices of diabetes, and 66.4% researches analyzed details. To improve herbaceous plants study on diabetes, we oriental medical scientists have to integrate the oriental medical theories and results of experimental studies.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권1호통권144호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2006

The protective effects of the aqueous MeOH extracts of stem and root Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai against oxidative stress were investigated. Anti-oxidant activity of the stem extract of A. koreanum was observed in the DPPH free radical scavenging $(IC_{50}=58.7\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and the SOD test $(IC_{50}=17.52\;{\mu}g/ml)$. According to data analysis of cell survival ratio of normal fibroblasts, the skin irritation by both extracts from A. koreanum was concerned. However, in the skin primary parch test, both extracts obtained Grade I, which means that there was no skin irritation. After induction of oxidative irritation, cell survival ratio of normal fibroblasts was also monitored and it turned out that stress-inducing group with both extracts had more increased cell survival ratio. The cell extension of the stress-inducing group treated with the stem extract was most dominant in morphological study. Based on these results, the stem extract of A. koreanum showed the protective effect against oxidative stress on normal fibroblast.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2012

Dipsaci Radix (Dipsacaceae) has been used as a tonic, an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-complement agents in traditional herbal medicine for the therapy of low back pain, knee pain, rheumatic arthritis, traumatic hematoma, and bone fractures. A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric method (HPLC-ESI-MS) was developed for the simultaneous quantitation method of the five compounds from the herbal drug: asperosaponin VI and asperosaponin XII (terpene glycosides), sweroside, loganin and dipsacus A(iridoid glycosides). HPLC separation of the analytes was achieved on a C18 column ($150{\times}2.0$ mm i.d., 5 ${\mu}m$) using the aqueous methanol containing 5 mM ammonium acetate with gradient flow of the mobile phase. Detection of the analytes was performed by positive ion electrospray ionization, and selected ion monitoring was used for data acquisition using m/z corresponding molecular adduct ion, $[M+NH_4]^+$ and $[M+H]^+$. Calibration graphs showed good linearity ($r^2$=0.9997) over the wide range of the analytes; intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD, %) were within 9.1% and the accuracy between 94.0-111.0%. Recoveries of the analytes through the assay procedure were in the range of 93.7-110.8%. Analytical results of the herbal drugs of Dipsaci Radix (17 samples) show wide distribution of the five marker compounds and clear difference of the species from Phlomidis Radix (4 samples). The developed method would provide a practical guide for the quality control of the herbal drug.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2002

쑥갓(Chrsanthemum coronarium L., CC)은 국화과(Compositae)에 속하는 일년생 초본식물로 독특한 향기를 가진 지중해 원산 식물이다. 우리 나라에는 중국을 거쳐 조선초기에 전해졌으며 시기용으로 널리 애용되고 있다. 본 연구는 쑥갓의 메타놀 분획물(CCMM), 헥산분획물(CCMH), 에틸아세테이트 분획물(CCMEA), 부타놀분획물 (CCMB) 및 수층인 CCMA 분획물을 얻고 각각 일정량을 불포화인지질인 L-$\alpha$-dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine(DLPC) liposome에 가하고 benzoyl peroxide를 가하여 산화시켜 분광광도법에 의하여 산화지수 ( $A_{234nm}$/ $A_{202nm}$)를 측정 비교하였다. 그 결과 쑥갓의 각 분획물 일정량을 가한 경우의 DLPC liposome의 산화지수는 시료를 가하지 않은 경우보다 낮아 높은 항산화력을 나타내었으나 강한 항산화제인 BHT를 가한 경우 보다는 항산화 정도가 낮았다. 그러나 특히 본 연구에서 알려진 결과로는 쑥갓 분획물들의 항산화력이 널리 알려진 항산화제인 $\alpha$-tocopherol을 가한 경우와 그 효과가 비슷하여 식용으로 애용되고 있는 쑥갓의 항산화적 생리활성이 본 연구에서 입증되었으며 이 효과를 기초로하여 식물 속의 항산화성을 이용한 식품의 개발이 기대 된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2006

오동나무 열매를 채취하여 건조시킨 후 분말로 제조하여 5.0 kg을 아세톤-물 (7:3, v/v) 혼합용액으로 추출하고 유기용매를 제거한 후 헥산, 메틸렌클로라이드, 에틸아세테이트 및 물 등 네 개의 분획으로 분리하여 에틸아세테이트용성 분획물을 Sephadex LH- 20으로 칼럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하였으며 용리용매는 메탄올 수용액과 에탄올-헥산 혼합액을 사용하였다. 그 결과 phenolic acid 화합물인 caffeic acid와 flavonoid 화합물인 naringenin, kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin 및 quercetin이 단리 되었으며 NMR 및 MS 스펙트럼을 이용하여 구조를 결정하였다. 각 분획물과 단리 된 화합물들 그리고 조추출물은 DPPH radical 소거법을 이용하여 항산화 실험을 실시하였으며, 분획물중에는 에틸아세테이트용성이 그리고 화합물중에는 caffeic acid, kaempferol luteolin 및 quercetin이 우수한 항산화 효능을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2000

아까시나무와 현사시나무를 채취, 건조하고 아세톤-물의 혼합용액으로 추출한 후 hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate 및 물 분획으로 분류하고 동결건조하여 갈색 분말로 조제하였다. 각각의 분획은 메탄올-물 및 에탄올-헥산의 혼합용액으로 Sephadex LH-20 칼럼상에서 크로마토그래피를 수행하였다. 아까시나무의 목질부 추출성분은 (+)-leucorobinetinidin과 같은 flavan 화합물과 robtin, dihydrorobinetin 및 robinetin 등의 flavanonol 화합물을 포함하며 현사시나무의 수피 추출성분은 (+)-catechin과 naringenin, eriodictyol, sakuranetin, aromadendrin 및 taxifolin 등의 후라보노이드 화합물, 그리고 살리신 유도체인 salireposide 및 소량의 aesculin과 쿠마린산 등 다양한 종류의 페놀성 화합물로 구성되어 있었으며 aesculin은 현사시나무의 수피 조성분에서는 아직 우리 나라에서 보고되지 않았다. 단리된 페놀성 성분의 구조 분석을 위하여 NMR 및 FAB-MS 분석을 수행하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2000

물푸레나무와 느릅나무의 수피를 아세톤-물의 혼합용액으로 추출하고 hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate 및 물 분획으로 분류하여 동결건조하고 분말상으로 조제하였다. 각 분획의 분말상 추출물을 메탄올-물 및 에탄올-헥산의 혼합액을 사용하여 Sephadex LH-20 칼럼으로 크로마토그래피를 수행하였다. 물푸레나무의 수피는 소량의 ligstroside와 oleuropein 및 aesculin이나 aesculitin과 같은 다량의 쿠마린 유도체를 포함하고 있었으며 느릅나무 수피 추출물의 대부분은 (+)-catechin과 (+)-catechin-7-O-xylopyranose (+)-catechin-7-O-apiofuranose와 같은 (+)-catechin의 배당체 화합물 및 (+)-catechin의 이량체인 소량의 procyanidin B-3 화합물이었으며 단리된 페놀성 화합물의 구조를 구명하기 위하여 NMR과 FAB-MS 분석을 수행하였다.