• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.2 s.98
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• pp.123-132
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• 2002

Experiments have been carried out in barge enclosure near Bukhangang area and arificially eutrophicated pond. Applied plants are three terrestrial plants (Big cone pine, Pine needles and Ginkgo) and one aquatic plant (Water chestnut). In the experiment pond, applied plants are big cone pine, pine needles and ginkgo at the concentration of 0.5 g/l and water chestnut of 0.3 g/l. And it used pine needles at the concentration of 0.3 g/l in barge enclosure. The dominant species was Microcystis aeruginosa. Chlorophyll a concentration decreased to the extent of average 65% as compared with the beginning of experiment by the input of big cone pine and pine needles in artificially eutrophicated pond. But it was decreased to the extent of average 34% by the input of water chestnut. Especially, pine needles significantly inhibited the growth of algae from the early days in barge enclosure, it was declined at a rate of average 74%. It was proved that pine needles was the most inhibitory to the growth of algae at the treatment with $0.3{\sim}0.5\;g/l$, Ginkgo and water chestnut are needed more study. We purified that the dissolved phenolic compounds from the various plants can affect algal growth.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.2 s.58
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• pp.120-128
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• 2005

This study was compared the flora and distribution of hydrophytes with physicochemical environment in the 14 sites selected in Yeongsan River through Gwangju Metropolitan city from March to October, 2003. In this survey, hydrophytes were classified 94 taxa; 35 families, 68 genera, 85 species and 9 varieties. It was compared the physicochemical characters with the hydrophytes distribution in each stream according to the index of contamination. Persicaria japonica and Rumex crispus were dominated at Youduk-Dong, the most contaminated area. Aquatic contamination sensitive floating-leaved plants and submerged plants were not identified. Hwangroung River and Yeongsan River area were a little contaminated area, appeared to good vegetation such as Phragmites japonica, Persicaria thunbergii and Miscanthus sacchariflorus. The stream of Youduk-Dong, the lower reaches of Gwangju-cheon was not grown with hydrophytes because of contamination by inflow of life sewage; therefore it is required to persevere in the townsmen's efforts for improvement of water environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2001

The floating islands have been constructed for the water quality improvement and the biodiversity conservation in an disturbed aquatic ecosystem. We made floating islands consisted of a special float and substrates of coconut fibers implanted with four emergent macrophytes such as Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia, Iris pseudoacorus, Typha angustifolia. Vegetation structure and plant growth were compared between on the floating islands and on ground in order to select suitable plants for the construction of floating islands. Emergent-macrophytic vegetation on the floating islands showed lower coverages and higher plant biodiversity due to natural introduction of various hydrophytes and hygrophytes. Shoot density was increased on floating islands except for Zizania latifolia. From the point of coverage and density of plants, Phragmites australis and Iris pseudoacorus were suitable for floating islands. Total biomass of emergent macrophytes was decreased on the floating islands. The belowground/aboveground biomass ratio of floating islands was higher than that of the ground. Out of planted macrophytes, Iris pseudoacorus with a high belowground/aboveground biomass ratio could be evaluated a suitable plant for the floating islands because a plenty of its root is profitable to adapt with the nutrient-limited environment of floating islands.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.334-342
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• 2009

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have a wide range of domestic and industrial applications, but they are persistent in the environment. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) are among the metabolites of PFCs and occur at high concentration in the environment. Korea is the largest importer of PFC compounds in the world, therefore, the accumulation of these compounds is possible. In this study, the concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were determined in water samples taken from sewage treatment plants (STPs) and the Han River in Seoul, Korea. After extraction with a HLB cartridge, PFCs in the samples were analyzed by HPLC with an ion trap mass spectrometry in electrospray negative mode. Limits of detection was between 1 and 1.6 ng/l. The result showed that the concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in effluent and influent of the four STPs in Seoul were 60~570 ng/l, and not detected (nd)~254 ng/l, respectively. The levels of PFOS and PFOA were higher in the effluents which passed through the treatment process than in influent water samples which was against expectation. The concentration of PFOA and PFOS in the Han River was 60~570 ng/l and nd~254 ng/l, respectively. PFOA was detected in every sample, but PFOS was only detected in the downstreams of the Han River. This result indicates that there is comprehensive contamination of PFCs in the aquatic environment in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.4
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• pp.493-512
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data necessary for establishing a vegetation management plan for the Yeongcheon River area by presenting a better understanding of the distribution and characteristics of naturalized plants through an investigation of the flora present in the Yeongcheon riverside, in Jinju, South Korea. Vascular plants were investigated for a total of 470 taxa, including 90 families, 282 genera, 425 species, one sub-species, 38 varieties, and six forms. Together, these accounted for 9.62% of the vascular plants (4,881 species) in Korea. Gramineae was the most abundant at 77 taxa (16.38%), followed by Cyperaceae at 56 taxa (11.91%), Leguminosae at 33 taxa (7.02%), Cyperaceae at 25 taxa (5.32%), and Rosaceae at 22 taxa (4.86%). Thirty species of indicator plants were surveyed and, among them, annual plants and hemicryptophytes accounted for a significantpercentage. Among ground plants, trees, shrubs, and sub-shrubs were surveyed to include 23 (4.89%), 17 (3.61%), and 14 taxa (2.97%), respectively. Furthermore, 36 aquatic plant taxa were found. Six rare plant taxa were surveyed including Penthorum chinense, Melothria japonica, Aristolochia contorta, Acorus calamus, Millettia japonica, and Magnolia kobus. Floristic special plants comprised 35 taxa,including 26 families, 34 genera, 34 species, and one variety. Plants endemic to Korea included six species. Naturalized plant species comprised 71 taxa, including 18 families, 53 genera, 68 species, and three varieties. The naturalization rate and urbanization index were 15.1% and 22.1%, respectively. Ecological disturbance species in Korea comprised nine taxa, including four families, eight genera, eight species, and one variety. These groups accounted for 64% of the ecological disturbance species in Korea. Ecological disturbance species in Korea tended to increase toward the downstream of Yeongcheon River. In particular, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Sicyos angulatus, which cause human allergies and disrupt the habitats of plants and animals, must be removed artificially.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.757-761
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• 2014

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important aquaculture fish species in Jeju Island, South Korea. Due to the intensification of flounder fish farming, huge amounts of chemical antibiotics are used against several fish diseases. This has many harmful side effects on fish, as well as human consumers. Hence, an alternative to chemical antibiotic agents is needed for disease control. In this study, three strains of rhizobacteria (BRH433-2, TRH415-2, and THJ609-3) were isolated from the rhizosphere of plants. Assays of their antibacterial activity against fish pathogens, such as S. iniae, S. parauberis, V. anguillarum, and E. tarda, were performed with untreated broth culture (without cell separation), supernatant, and precipitated pellets separated by centrifugation. Among these, the cell suspension prepared from the precipitated pellet showed significant antimicrobial activity when compared with that of the untreated broth culture and centrifugal supernatant. These results indicate that the three isolated rhizobacterial strains exhibit antibacterial activity. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences of the BRH-433-2, THJ609-3, and TRH415-2 strains showed the highest similarity to Burkholderia gladioli (99.5%), Pseudomonas baetica (97.7%), and P. koreensis and P. baetica (98.4%), respectively. We suggest that the strains hold promise in disease management of fish.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2015

The oligochaete worms in the genus Nais are common to freshwater habitats. These worms have a highly-developed prostomium and pigmented eye spots. All species have hair chaetae, bifid or single pointed needle chaetae on the dorsal side and ventral chaetae beginning in II with bifid crotchets. Most species of Nais genus live in areas where bottom is covered by sand, gravel or organic matter in aquatic plants. Currently, 26 species of Nais have been recorded worldwide. From the recent faunal studies, 3 species of Nais have been newly reported in Korea. Here, we newly report 6 species of Nais with diagnosis, illustrations and identification keys to Korean Nais species: N. behningi, N. pseudobtusa, N. simplex, N. bretscheri, N. stolci and N. elinguis.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 1993

Crystal violet, a typical triphenylmenthane dye (N, N, N', N', N", N"-hexa methylparaosaniline), extensively used in textile dye, industry and research, has been suggested to cause tumor growth in botton-feeding fishes. For the isolation of crystal violet degrading bacteria, wastewaters were sampled from plants' wastewater treatment facility, textile treatment facility, textile wastewater treatment plant and etc.. The most efficient strain in crystal violet degrading bacteria was identified as Klebsiella oxytoca. Added sole carbon source in PAS minimal media was 10mg/l crystal violet, which incubated at 30。C, the degrading efficiency was maximum 12.3%. When fructose, glucose, sucrose and yeast-extract were added 0.01% in PAS media respectively, the degrading efficiency were all 96% within 24 hours.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.811-818
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• 2011

Daphnia Magna Stratus has been widely accepted as useful species for estimating the toxicity of chemicals to aquatic invertebrate and recommended as species for the testing chemicals from the international guideline as well as Korean guideline. The study was performed for the acute toxicity test by using water flea(D. Magna) for effluents from several wastewater treatment plants and drainage canals in GyeongBuk area. Five heavy metals, 1,4-Dioxane and Perchlorate were tested. Most Toxicity Units(TU) of Industrial wastewater effluents were less than 1 which means effluent was not toxic to D. Magna. However, effluents containing 1,4-Dioxane and Perchlorate were significantly toxic to D. Magna. Therefore, facilities should reduce the 1,4-dioxane since new regulations will force them after the year of 2011.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.673-678
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• 2011

Water samples from several wastewater treatment plants and two industry drains in Gyeongsangbukdo were investigated for concentration levels of micropollutants. Samples were taken totally four times from May to November of 2008 and tested for seven factors including pesticide, 1,4-Dioxane and Perchlorate which had been big issues for Nakdong river because of their contaminations. As results, 2,4-D, Alachlor, and BEHA were not detected while BEHP was detected at some sampling sites. 1,4-Dioxane and Perchlorate were also detected in wide ranges from several sampling sites. Therefore, continuous supervising and monitoring systems needed to be invested for proper management for micropollutants since those micropollutants could affect human health and aquatic system with low concentration levels.