• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.619-629
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare the effect improving balance abilities of 3 balance training programs by randomized intervention trial. Study subjects were 29 female students recruited from a university in Gwanju, who allocated randomly to 3 intervention groups, aqua group(modified Halliwick 10 point program, N=10), visual bio-feedback balance training group(N=10), and balance-pad plus trampolin group(N=9). As the results of repeated musure ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed rank test, major research findings were as follows; 1. Regarding SI or BIEMG measured at upright posture on hard platform, bio-feedback group under the condition with opening both eye and aqua group under the condition with closing both eye showed signigicant improvement in balance ability, respectively. 2. Regarding SI or BIEMG measured at upright posture on soft platform, bio-feedback group under the condition with opening both eye and aqua group under the condition with closing both eye showed signigicant improvement in balance ability, respectively. 3. Regarding all 3 sensory ratios, bio-feedback group showed significantly higher increasement in them than other 2 groups. The results suggested that visual bio-feedback training program improve the all 3 sensory functions required for balancing, and aqua training modified from Halliwick 10 point program contribute to improve vestibular function principally.

• 재활복지
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.383-399
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to comparison the effects of aqua-and-land based obstacle training on balance of chronic stroke patients. Subjects were randomly divided into an aqua group(n=15) and d land group(n=15). Both group received obstacle training for 40 minutes, 3 times a week during 12 weeks. Static balance was assessed by measuring the mean velocity of mediolateral, anteroposterior and sway area with the eyes open using Good Balance System. Dynamic balance was assessed by measuring Functional Reaching Test(FRT) and the Timed Up and Go test(TUG). Following the intervention, both groups showed significant changes static balance(the mean velocity of mediolateral, anteroposterior and sway area) and dynamic balance(FRT and TUG). There were significant difference in the mean velocity of mediolateral, anteroposterior, sway area, FRT and TUG between the two groups after the interventions. The results of this study suggest that the aqua group and land group were increase balance functions of chronic stroke patients. The aqua group was significantly higher than the land group for patients with chronic stroke patients. We hope that aquatic training can be useful for patients with chronic stroke patients to improve balance functions and the aqua training research for improve balance functions will be conducted continuously.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aqua-noodles on the practice of underwater walking in patients with hemiplegia. Method: After an oral explanation and signing an IRB approved consent form 10 participants ($66.8{\pm}10.75yr$, $165.3{\pm}8.79cm$, $73.6{\pm}46kg$) agreed to participate in this study. Each of the participants was required to walk with the aqua noodles and without the aqua-noodles in a swimming pool. Each participant was asked to walk a distance of 5 m a total of 10 times, 5 with and 5 without the aqua-noodles. The depth of the swimming pool was at 1.3 m, approximately chest height. The following variables were calculated for analysis; height of the knee (m), knee joint ROM ($^{\circ}$), ankle joint ROM ($^{\circ}$), knee joint maximum angular velocity ($^{\circ}/sec$), and ankle joint maximum angular velocity ($^{\circ}/sec$). Results: First, there was a significant increase in time (s) for the maximum knee height to reach as well as the maximum knee height (m) increased when the participant used the aqua-noodles. Second, there was a statistically significant decrease in stride length when the aqua-noodles were used. Conclusion: This study helps to verify that the effect of underwater walking exercise can provide a suitable walking exercise environment. The results of this study provide systematic scientific information about how walking in water can be used for the rehabilitation of patients and the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2019

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wearing an ankle weight belt while performing gait in water by focusing on the effect of using ankle weights have on the gait kinematics and the muscle activities for developing optimum training strategies. Method: A total of 10 healthy male university students were recruited for the study. Each participant was instructed to perform 3 gait conditions; normal walking over ground, walking in water chest height, and walking in water chest height while using ankle weights. All walking conditions were set at control speed of $4km/h{\pm}0.05km/h$. The depth of the swimming pool was at 1.3 m, approximately chest height. The motion capture data was recorded using 6 digital cameras and the EMG was recorded using waterproof Mini Wave. From the motion capture data, the following variables were calculated for analysis; double and single support phase (s), swing phase (s), step length (%height), step rate (m/s), ankle, knee, and hip joint angles ($^{\circ}$). From the electromyography the %RVC of the lower limb muscles medial gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, erector spinae, semitendinosus, tibialis anterior, vastus lateralis oblique was calculated. Results: The results show significant differences between the gait time, and step length between the right and left leg. Additionally, the joint angular velocities and gait velocity were significantly affected by the water resistance. As expected, the use of the ankle weights increased all of the lower leg maximum muscle activities except for the lower back muscle. Conclusion: In conclusion, the ankle weights can be shown to stimulate more muscle activity during walking in chest height water and therefore, may be useful for rehabilitation purposes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of combined conventional exercise therapy plus respiratory exercise program with combined conventional exercise therapy plus aqua exercise program in the pulmonary function of subacute stroke patients. METHODS: The respiratory exercise program group underwent inspiration and expiration training using the Threshold IMT and Threshold PEP three days per week for four weeks. The aquatic exercise program group had aquatic aerobics, halliwick, and bad ragaz ring training three days per week for four weeks. Before and after the experiment, Pony fx was used to examine the FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, VC, and MVV. RESULTS: Significant improvement was found after the experiment in the FVC. FEV1, VC, MVV, excepting FEV1/FVC, of the pulmonary function in the aquatic exercise program group. After the experiment, significant improvement was found in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, VC, and MVV of pulmonary function in the respiratory rehabilitation therapy group. No significant difference in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, VC, and MVV of pulmonary function was observed in the inter-group comparison. CONCLUSION: Significant improvement was found after the experiment in both the aquatic exercise program group and the respiratory exercise program group. No difference in pulmonary function was noted in the inter-group comparison. Therefore, combining general exercise therapy and an aquatic or respiratory exercise program is expected to be effective for the pulmonary function of acute stroke patients. These results are expected to provide basic data to help research intervention of aquatic and respiratory exercise programs for subacute stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of study was to measure stroke patients' ability to balance and their degrees of clinical function and to examine the effect of the aquatic exercise method using tasks related to these features. Methods: Twenty stroke patients were randomly assigned to an aquatic task exercise group and a land task exercise group. Both groups used the same exercise method for 60 minutes each session, three times a week for 12 weeks at the same time point and with the same amount of exercise. Results: Before and after the exercise, static balance was measured using balance measuring instruments locomotive faculties, muscular strength, and dynamic balance were assessed through the Berg balance and 10 m gait tests. Finally, gait abilities were measured, and the data obtained were analyzed to generate the results. Conclusion: Both groups showed significant improvement, but the aquatic exercise group showed slightly more significant results in static balance, Berg balance, and upright walking tests. It is thought that the improvement of stroke patients' balance and gait ability can be triggered through the application of aquatic exercise programs in the future.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to find food safety approach in the Eco-label Chain of Custody(CoC) which is only focused to traceability. Because, consumers want to be assured the certified seafood comes from sustainable fishery as well as hygienic. In order to this approach, we used Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method as belows. We first understood the CoC criteria for using pair-wise comparison and analyzed and selected each Eco-label certifications and standards. Second, we carried out a survey to the targeted standard Marine Stewardship Council(MSC) CoC auditors all over the world and analyzed the priorities of food safety approach to 4 principles and 12 criteria belong the MSC CoC Standard. As the results, we found out that 'Management System' has the highest priority in the principles and 'Documentation' and 'Keeping Record' are the most important criteria for this approach. In addition, 'Training' and 'Identification' are also higher priority of criteria. So, we suggested food safety approach method for improvement of these criteria in conclusion based on discussion with specialist in this field.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.331-335
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• 2013

This study detected red tide areas using the existing Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(GOCI), and then compared the results between results of two sensors. The coasts of Jeollanam-do in the South Sea of Korea were set as the study area based on the red tide data which occurred on Aug. 26th, 2012. This study compared the results of sensors to detect red tides by using a satellite. In the results of analyzing MODIS by limiting it as chlorophyll concentration and the sea surface temperature which is considered to have red tides by the existing researches, it was possible to delete considerable amount of errors compared to the case of detecting red tides by using only chlorophyll while still there were differences from the range of red tides actually observed. In the results of GOCI by using empirical algorithm for detecting red tides, currently used by Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology(KIOST), it was possible to obtain more detailed results than MODIS. However, there was an area misjudged as red tides due to the influence of clouds. Also both MODIS and GOCI extracted red tides were not actually occurring, which might be because they were not able to perfectly distinguish red tides from turbid water in coastal areas with high turbidity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2011

Purpose: This study examined the effect of the strengthening exercise and stretching exercise to decrease symptom patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methods: The Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS) and Clark's test performed for diagnosis of intrinsic PFPS among young adults. Selected thirty young adults subjects who aged 20~26 years participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to strengthening, stretching, or control groups. Strengthening group consisted of quadriceps, hamstring and iliotibia band training used elastic band. Stretching group consisted of quadriceps, hamstring and iliotibia band trainings used stretching exercises program. Participants received 50-minute individualized exercise sessions, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Results: The results were as follow: there were significantly difference stretching exercise group by all muscles on muscular strength test (p<.05). there were significantly difference both strengthening and stretching exercise group by all muscles on flexibility test (p<.05). There were significantly difference stretching exercise group by all muscles on step-down test (p<.05). There were significantly difference both strengthening and stretching exercise group by all muscles on visual analog scale (p<.05). Conclusion: Results suggest important implications for exercise programs of PFPS that stretching exercise is more improved knee pain, functional performance, patella mobility than strengthening exercise.