• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.481-487
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• 1998

Let (equation omitted) denote the closure of the set (equation omitted) of dominant operators in the norm topology. We show that the Weyl spectrum of an operator T $\in$ (equation omitted) satisfies the spectral mapping theorem for analytic functions, which is an extension of [5, Theorem 1]. Also we show that an operator approximately equivalent to an operator of class (equation omitted) is of class (equation omitted).

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.373-382
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• 2002

In this paper, the characteristic dependencies of LRB(lead rubber bearing) were studied by various prototype tests on LRB for buildings. The characteristics of LRB were dependent on displacements, repeated cycles, frequencies, vertical pressures and temperatures. The prototype test showed that the displacement was the most governing factor influencing on characteristics of LRB. The effective stiffness and equivalent damping of LRB were decreased with large displacement, and increased with high frequency. After the repeated cyclic test with 50 cycles, the effective stiffness and equivalent damping of LRB were reduced by approximately 20% compared with those of the 1$^{st}$ cycle. The effective stiffness was decreased with high vertical pressure, while the equivalent damping was increased. In which, the equivalent damping was more dependent on the vertical pressure than the effective stiffness.s.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.60-65
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• 1992

불규칙 해상에서 횡파중 선체의 횡요 운동 응답을 threshold crossing 과정의 관점에서 연구하였다. 비 백색 잡음 기진력은 응답의 crossing 성질이 유지되는 크기의 백색 잡음 기진력으로 대치할 수 있다는 가정하에 등가의 백색 잡음 기 진력으로 모델링 하였고 원래의 비선형 감쇄 함수를 복원하였다. 등가의 백색 잡음 기진력을 가지고 복원된 운동방정식으로부터 결합 확률 밀도 함수를 얻기 위해 등가 비선형화법(equivalent non-linearization method)을 사용하였다. 제시된 방법을 각종 계수들의 값을 변화시키면서 예측하고 이를 다른 논문의 결과와 비교하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.600-604
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• 2001

The relation between the aerodynamic diameter and some morphological parameters was studied for flame-generated aggregates. $SiO_{2}$ aggregates were generated from $SiCl_{4}$ in premixed methane/air flames. These aggregates were sampled and classified according to their aerodynamic diameter by a cascade impactor; moreover, computer program was developed and tested to find the equivalent area diameter and the fractal dimension of the aggregates. We calculated the parameters from the digitized images of the aggregate TEM micrographs. The aerodynamic diameters of the sampled aggregates were larger than $0.4{\mu}m$ in this experiment. In most cases, fractal dimension of their projection image was very close to 2.0 for these large aggregates. It was found that the equivalent area diameter of these aggregates was approximately three times larger than the Stokes' diameter of them.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.201-215
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• 1998

The structural behavior of reinforced concrete frame infilled with a masonry wall is investigated by the method of discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). An interface element is developed and it is incorporated into DDA to analyze the continuous and discontinuous behavior of the masonry structure. The numerical results are compared with previous research and possess satisfactory agreement. Then the structural behavior and stress distribution of a reinforced concrete frame infilled with a masonry wall subjected to a horizontal force are studied. In addition, the justification of equivalent strut is assessed by the distribution of principal stresses. The results show that the behavior of the masonry structure is highly influenced by the failure of mortar. On the basis of the distribution of principal stress of the masonry wall in the reinforced concrete frame, the equivalent strut can be approximately substituted for the masonry wall without separation and opening. However, the application of equivalent strut to the masonry wall with separation and opening needs further study.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1994년도 FIFTH WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL ACOUSTICS CONFERENCE SEOUL KOREA
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• pp.830-835
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• 1994

In this paper, a new method of statistically evaluating an output response probability distribution of a memory type non-linear system is practically derived based on a zero-memory type non-linear equivalent system. That is, first, the objective system is approximately and functionally separated into two functional parts, i.e., a zero-memory type non-linear part and a memory type linear part according to the well-known Wiener's idea. A whole mathematical frame of the output probability distribution is evaluated in an approximate but generalized form, based on the equivalent zero-memory type non-linear part. The memory effects between the input and the output of the system are reflected in the statistical parameters and the expansion coefficients.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.209-214
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• 1984

Friction factors and equivalent sand roughness of PVC pipe fittings have been studied by experiments in the Reynolds number range of $2,000\~70,000$. PVC pipe fittings studied are straight pipes, $90^{\circ}$ elbows and tees with 15, 25, and 40mm in norminal diameter, all manufactured in Korea with KS mark approval. Equivalent relative roughness of PVC pipes obtained lies between smooth pipe and 0.002. The study shows that equivalent sand roughness of PVC pipes increasses in proportion of the square root of pipe diameter , and can be approximately abtained by multiplying 4 to the root mean square value measured by metal surface roughness tester. Loss coefficient of PVC $90^{\circ}$ elbows decreases slowly with increasing Reynolds number. Loss coeffiicent of tees is a function of ratio of flow rates and Reynolds number.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2022

This study assessed the compressive and tensile strengths and modulus of elasticity of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using the ASTM standard tests. In addition, short carbon and glass fibers were mixed with waste PET to examine the improvements in ductility and strength during compression. The bonding was examined via field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The strength degradation of the waste PET tested under UV was 40-50%. However, it had a compressive strength of 32.37 MPa (equivalent to that of concrete), tensile strength of 31.83 MPa (approximately ten times that of concrete), and a unit weight of 12-13 kN/m3 (approximately half that of concrete). A finite element analysis showed that, compared with concrete, a waste PET pile foundation can support approximately 1.3 times greater loads. Mixing reinforcing fibers with waste PET further mitigated this, thereby extending ductility. Waste PET holds excellent potential for use in foundation piles, especially while mitigating brittleness using short reinforcing fibers and avoiding UV degradation.

• 센서학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2001

인터디지털 표면음파 변환기의 교차장 모델에 기초한 전송선 등가회로를 사용하여 SPICE에 의한 SAW 필터의 효율적인 시뮬레이션 기법을 제안하였다. 표면음파의 전파를 전송선으로 모델하므로 인터디지털 변환기의 등가회로에서는 주파수 의존 회로소자가 필요하지 않게 된다. 그래서 주파수 의존 회로소자에 대한 등가회로를 근사적으로 구하지 않아도 되고, 필터의 등가회로에 작은 수의회로소자를 사용하므로 시뮬레이션 시간도 많이 단축된다. 삽입손실, 입력 어드미턴스, 통과대역 리플, 그리고 고조파 주파수 응답과 같은 SAW 필터 특성에 대한 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안된 기법의 유용성을 보였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 1987

본 병원 18MeV 선형가속기에 대한 equivalent square field를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. $10{\times}10cm$ 이하의 작은 면적에서 매우 가늘고 긴 조사에서는 실제 측정치와 약 0.5%의 차이를 나타내고 있다. 2. $10{\times}10cm$보다 크며 $15{\times}15cm$보다 작은 중간 면적에서는 실제 측정치와 약 0.64 %의 차이를 나타내고 있다. 3. $15{\times}15cm$보다 큰 면적에서는 실제 측정치와 약 0.24%의 차이를 나타내고 있다. 위와 같은 측정결과로 (6)식에 의해서 구해진 Table 1의 equivalent square field는 매우 바람직함을 알 수 있으며, 특히 매우 가늘고 긴 작은 면적에 대해서는 BJR table보다 오차를 훨씬 줄이고 있어서 식도암 등을 조사할 시에는 매우 유용함을 알 수 있다. 더 나아가 전 영역을 포함하는 더욱 더 근시적인 equivalent square field method가 연구되어야 할 것이다.