• 설비공학논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.188-198
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• 1990

Turbulent characteristics of turbulent pulsating flows were studied experimentally in a square duct. Velocity waveforms, velocity profiles, and turbulent intensity of turbulent pulsating flow were investigated by using a hot-wire anemometer with data acquisition and a processing system in a square duct with a ratio of 1 ($40mm{\times}40mm$) to 4,000mm long. Turbulent components were shown to be larger in decelerating than in accelerating regions and also larger for a large phase of velocity and U'rms distribution of turbulent flow. The effect of velocity amplitude ratio does not exist for specified time [${\theta}(z^{\prime})$], amplitude ratio (${\mid}U^{\prime}_{rms.os.1}{\mid}/{\mid}U_{m.os.1}{\mid}$), and phase difference (${\Delta}U^{\prime}_{rms.os.1}-{\Delta}U_{m.os.1}$) in either turbulent oscillating or cross-sectional mean velocity components. The effect of dimensionless angular frequency for specified time [${\theta}(z^{\prime})$] can be disregarded because the dimensionless angular frequency does not affect the specified time. The velocity distributions of turbulent pulsating flows for various time-averaged Reynolds numbers are in approximate agreement with the velocity distributions for equivalent Reynolds numbers and 1/7th power law of steady flow.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

The breakup phenomena of a vertical laminar jet issuing from capillary tubes in a quiescent ambient air are investigated using a forced vibration analysis of the surface wave. Using a linear approach to the transient jet velocity, an approximate solution fur the longitudinal motion of a vertical liquid jet is theoretically derived, thus performing an instability analysis by a vibration method. The damping term of this equation is nonlinear as it depends on dimensionless parameters, a Weber number, and an Ohnesorge number. The instability condition is determined based on whether the coefficient of the damping term is less than zero or not. Uniform drop formation is dependent on the vibration frequency fur the forced vibration case.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.19-30
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• 1988

Sectional added masses of an elastic beam vibrating vertically on the free surface in higher harmonic modes are evaluated. Hydrodynamic interactions between neighboring sections, which strip theory ignores, are considered for modal wave lengths of the order of magnitude of cross-sectional dimensions of the body. An approximate solution of modified Helmholtz equation which becomes a singular perturbation problem at small wave lengths is secured to get an analytic expression for added masses attending higher harmonic modes. As a bound of the present theory, the modified Helmholtz equation is solved for the long flat plate vibrating at high frequency on the water surface without any limitations on modal frequency. Finally, extensive series of numerical calculations are carried out for ship-like forms. It is found that when modal wave length is comparable to or shorter than a typical cross-sectional dimension of a body, sectional interaction effects are large which result in considerable reductions in added masses. For a fuller section, the ratio of added mass reduction is greater. In the limit of vanishing sectional area, the added masses approach to that of flat plate of equal beam. It is shown that the added mass distribution for a Legendre modal from can be determined form the present theory and that the results agree with the extensive three-dimensional determination of Vorus and Hilarides.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2018

Many practical engineering problems are associated with nonlinear systems subjected to nonstationary random excitations. Equivalent linearization methods are commonly used to seek for approximate solutions to this kind of problems. Compared to various approaches developed in the frequency and mixed time-frequency domains, though directly solving the system equation of motion in the time domain would improve computation efficiency, only limited studies are available. Considering the fact that the orthogonal functions have been widely used to effectively improve the accuracy of the approximated responses and reduce the computational cost in various engineering applications, an orthogonal-function-based equivalent linearization method in the time domain has been proposed in the current paper for nonlinear systems subjected to nonstationary random excitations. In the numerical examples, the proposed approach is applied to a SDOF system with a set-up spring and a SDOF Duffing oscillator subjected to stationary and nonstationary excitations. In addition, its applicability to nonlinear MDOF systems is examined by a 3DOF Duffing system subjected to nonstationary excitation. Results show that the proposed method can accurately predict the nonlinear system response and the formulation of the proposed approach allows it to be capable of handling any general type of nonstationary random excitations, such as the seismic load.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.103-110
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• 1998

부하특성의 모델링은 부하의 비선형특성 때문에 어려운 문제이다. 이 연구는 부하특성을 표현하기 위하여 비선형 문제를 근사화 할 수 있는 신경회로망을 이용하였다. 대표적인 개별부하를 선정하고 전압과 주파수 변화에 대한 유효, 무효전력의 응답을 실험을 통해 얻었다. 그리고 개별부하특성을 식별하기 위하여 실험자료를 근거로 신경회로망을 구축하고 학습하였다. 학습된 신결회로망은 또다른 전압, 주파수 변화에 대한 개별부하의 특성을 식별하였다. 아울러 제안된 방법의 타당성을 입증하기 위하여 식별된 결과를 제시하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.455-466
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• 2019

Despite the rapid advancement in computing resources, many real-life design and optimization problems in structural engineering involve huge computation costs. To counter such challenges, approximate models are often used as surrogates for the highly accurate but time intensive finite element models. In this paper, surrogates for first-order shear deformation based finite element models are built using a polynomial regression approach. Using statistical techniques like Box-Cox transformation and ANOVA, the effectiveness of the surrogates is enhanced. The accuracy of the surrogate models is evaluated using statistical metrics like $R^2$, $R^2{_{adj}}$, $R^2{_{pred}}$ and $Q^2{_{F3}}$. By combining these surrogates with nature-inspired multi-criteria decision-making algorithms, namely multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), the optimal combination of various design variables to simultaneously maximize fundamental frequency and frequency separation is predicted. It is seen that the proposed approach is simple, effective and good at inexpensively producing a host of optimal solutions.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.251-263
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• 2024

This article investigates the free vibration behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) beams embedded using variational analytical methods and artificial neural networks (ANN). The material properties of layered functionally graded CNTRC (FG-CNTRC) beams are estimated using nonlocal parameters modified power-law with different types of CNT distributions through the thickness direction of the beam. Adopting Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory to capture the small size effects, the nonlocal governing equations are derived and solved using the analytical method. And also, the problem was analyzed using the ANN method. The architecture of the proposed ANN model is 3-9-1. In the experiments, we used 112 different data to predict the natural frequency using ANN. Based on the nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen, the equations of motion as well as the boundary conditions of the beam are derived using Hamilton's principle. The classical beam theory is used to formulate a governing equation for predicting the free vibration of laminated CNTRC beams. According to the experimental results, the prediction ability of the ANN model is very good and the natural frequency can be predicted in ANN without attempting any experiments.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 GPS 수신용 안테나인 T형 슬릿을 갖는 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나를 설계 제작하였다. T형 슬릿을 삽입한 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나는 슬릿이 없는 패치 안테나 보다 낮은 주파수에서 공진한다. 이것으로부터 패치의 크기를 축소시킬 수 있다. T형 슬릿를 갖는 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나의 공진 주파수를 계산하기 위하여 패치 표면의 전류 분포로 부터 공진 주파수 공식을 유도하였다. Ensemble 6.0을 이용하여 근사식의 정확성을 검증하였다. 이렇게 구해진 공식을 이용하여 1.575GHz에서 동작하는 최적의 안테나를 설계하였으며, 그 결과 T형 슬릿을 갖는 안테나의 경우 29%까지 안테나의 크기를 감소시킬 수 있었다. 또한 슬릿을 갖는 마이크로스트립 안테나는 대역폭은 매우 좁기 때문에 협대역 특성을 개선하기 위해 구형 슬릇을 갖는 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나를 제안하였다. 제작된 T형을 갖는 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나의 공진 주파수는 1.575GHz이고 대역폭은 50MHz를 얻었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1974

이심코일을 포함한 회로를 정밀하게 설계하는데 있어서 늘 골치거리가 되는 것은 실제의 코일의 Q가 주파수에 따라 변하는 사실을 어떻게 처리할 것인가 하는 것이다. 자심손실 자체가 주파수에 따라 복잡하게 변하기 때문에 일정한 직렬저항, 병렬커패시턴스를 부가한 종래의 등가회로는 이 경우 거의 유용성을 상실한다. 본논문에서는 우선 주어진 자심의 Q를 인덕턴스와 주파수의 함수로 표시하는 수학적 표시식을 가정하고 그것이 자심제조업자가 제공하는 또는 실험적으로 얻어지는 data에 가장 잘 들어맞도록 표시식의 퍼래미터들을 결정한다. 다음에 회로설계는 최적화방법을 쓰되 그 각 반복단계에서 요구되는 회로의 주파수응답의 정밀한 계산을 위에서 얻은 Q의 표시식을 이용하여 수행한다. 환언하면 본 논문에서 제시된 방법은 코일의 Q의 근사적 표시식과 최적화방법을 효과적으로 함께 사용한 것이며 이것으로서 상술한 실제적 코일에 부수된 난문제는 많이 해결되었다고 본다. 최적화방법으로서는 Fletcher-Powell 방법을 이용했으며 한가지 예제를 들어 본 논문에서 제시한 방법을 설명하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.434-444
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• 1991

조직 프로쎄싱을 위한 개선된 2-D QPS(Quadrature Polar Separable) 필터와 그의 응용이 본 논문에서 고찰된다. 필터의 주파수 응답은 2개의 독립된 귀불쌍 즉 PSS(Prolate Spheroidal Sequence)에 근거한 라디얼 웨이팅 함수와 Knutsson 필터에서의 방향각 함수에 의해 구성된다. 필터는 2개의 PSS로 구성되는 2-D Cartesian 필터에서와 같이 각 함수를 라디얼 웨이팅 함수에 근사화 시키기 때문에 에너지 손실면에서 최적화되며, 설계명제 조건이 대역폭, 방향각, 그리고 중심 주파수에만 의존하므로 제어하기가 쉽다. 또한 주파수 영역에서 Knutsson 필터보다 순환적 대칭 특성을 갖는다. 주파수 영역에서 로칼 조직의 방향과 주파수 성분을 평가하기 위하여, 조직합성, 방향각 측정, 그리고 조직 세그멘테이션과 같은 몇가지 응용이 고찰된다.