• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.485-496
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• 2022

모듈러 건축프로젝트는 공장제작을 통해 기존 건축공사보다 품질관리에 유리하다. 하지만, 품질관리활동에 대한 명확한 기준과 정의가 확립되지 않아 품질관리비용 규모의 적절성을 판단하기 어렵고, 프로세스 단계별 품질관리활동을 구분하는데 어려움이 있다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 활동기준 중심의 품질관리활동 분류방안을 제시하였으며, 품질비용을 PAF기준에 따라 분류하여 추후 해당 비용 및 활동이 품질관리에 얼마나 효과적인지 확인할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 추후 모듈러 건축프로젝트 단계별 품질관리활동을 정의하고 이에 따른 비용 분배 적절성을 판단하는 근거자료와 데이터베이스를 추구하는데 활용될 수 있다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of application of the draft nutritional standards for school lunches in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) from the supplier perspective. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In November 2018, a pilot operation was conducted at 104 participating schools for 2 weeks each by applying the draft standards A and B. To evaluate the ease and appropriateness of application of the standards, we analyzed the nutritional values and food cost of the school lunches for 2 weeks before and for 4 weeks under the pilot operation. We conducted an online survey of school dietitians or nutrition teachers of the participating schools to evaluate the feasibility of application of the standards in school lunch sites. RESULTS: The proportions of schools of which lunches met the reference values of the school's own nutritional standards were 19.2% for the standards A and 21.2% for the standards B. The food cost of school lunches applying the standards A (KRW 2,880) was significantly lower than that of school lunches applying the standards B (KRW 3,030) or the existing standards (KRW 2,980). As a result of the survey, the mean score for the ease of application was significantly higher for the standards B (2.75) than for the standards A (2.24). The proportions of school dietitians or nutrition teachers reporting no problem in meeting an existing food cost standard were 72.5% for the standards A and 61.8% for the standards B, respectively. The overall appropriateness of application was higher for the standards B, because almost two-thirds (58.8%) of the respondents answered that the standards B were more appropriate than the standards A. CONCLUSION: The standards B were more feasible to apply as nutritional standards for school lunches than the standards A from the supplier perspective.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.365-366
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• 2022

본 연구는 우리나라 연안여객선이 다수 운항하고 있는 인천, 목포 및 통영 등 3개 지역의 연안여객터미널에서 승선 대상자(여객선 수요자)를 대상으로 여객선운항과 관련된 여러 주제에 대한 승선자들의 인식을 조사 분석하였다. 설문조사기간은 코로나19가 발생되기 바로 이전인 2019년 10월 1일~10월 11일이며, 표본수는 277개이며, 주요 내용은 여객선 운항 및 시설 측면, 여객선 운임 측면, 여객선 안전 측면 등 크게 3가지 요소로 나누어 분석하였다. 분석결과 도서민과 일반인이 모두 50% 이상의 긍정적인 답변을 하지 않은 항목은 교통약자시설 우수성, 운임의 적정성, 운임 안내 적절성 등과 운임 종합평가로 교통약자시설에 대한 정책 및 운임 정책에 대한 보다 면밀한 검토가 필요하다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구가 코로나19이후 리오프닝을 대비하고, 대중교통화 정책에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.170-181
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• 2011

Purpose: There is considerable variability in rates of hospitalization for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in part because of physicians' uncertainty in assessing the severity of illness at presentation. The purpose of the study was to examine the current treatment patterns and factors influencing the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and clinical outcomes in the patient with CAP. Method: The retrospective data collection of the patients with CAP was conducted and the data were reviewed. The collected data included demographic, clinical, laboratory and microbiological medical information. All patients were stratified into three risk groups according to PSI: low risk (PSI score I-II), moderate risk (III) and high risk (IV-V) groups. The examined treatment patterns were the appropriateness of admissions, category of antibiotics used. The prognostic factors associated with PSI and clinical outcomes were examined. Results: One hundred and six patients' medical data were reviewed. The overall appropriateness of admissions was low presenting many of patients were admitted or intensely treated in the hospital despite of lower risk of prognosis and treated with intravenous antibiotics instead of oral fluoroquinolones. Primary pneumonia pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (27%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.6%). Mean LOS was 8.5 days and was significantly longer (10.0days) (p<0.001) in high risk group. The patients with age >65 (p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), mental alteration (p<0.001), and/or $PaO_2$ <60 mmHg (p<0.001) had a tendency to have higher PSI. The prognostic factors associated with longer LOS were age >65 years (p=0.008), mental status alteration (p<0.001), dyspnea (p=0.002) and PSI score (p=0.001). The prognostic factors associated with mortality were congestive heart failure (p=0.038), systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg (p=0.002) and arterial pH <7.35 (p=0.013). Conclusion: Most of patients were found to over-utilize medical service according to appropriateness of admissions. The elderly, mentally altered patients with low $PaO_2$ had higher PSI score with increased risk of LOS. The mortality could be increased in the patient with disease state of congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, and/or acidosis.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1999

This evaluation was made through 1219 persons who had attended the lecture organized by O.M.T.( Orthopeadic Manual Therapy ) during the period of January to December 1998 in Seoul and in other 11 cities. The result of evaluation is summarized as follows : 1. With regard to general satisfaction with lecture, it was evaluated as 'more than good 'by 919 person(75.6%) for Preparation for lecture of lecturer' and by 969 person (71.4%) for 'Teaching Method'. Statistically, the significance was largely given to 'Couse and Preparation for Lecture of Lecturer' and 'Preparation for Lecture as per each Lecturer' (P< 0.001). 2. With regard to understanding of lecture, it was evaluated as 'more then good' by 675 persons(55.4%) for 'Appropriate Degree of Lecture Difficulties'. Statistically, the significance was largely given to 'Appropriateness of Teaching Courses and Degree of Lecture Difficulties' (P< 0.001). Degree of Lecture Difficulties' (P< 0.001). 3. With regard to satisfaction with lecture's performance, it was evaluated as 'more than good' by 969 persons (87.7%) for 'Lecturer's Zeal for Teaching" and by 751 persons(61.6%) for 'Suitability of Textbook'. Statistically, the significance was largely given to 'Sex Distinction and Lectuer's Zeal for Teaching' (P< 0.001) and 'Lecturer and Suitability of Textbook' (P< 0.001). 4. With regard to teaching environment, it was evaluated as 'more than good' by 464 persons(38.2%) for 'Appropriateness of Teaching Environment' and by 751 persons(61.8%) for 'provision of Appropriate Audio-Visual Aids for Teaching', Statistically, the significance was largely given to 'place and Appropriateness of audio-visual aids for Teaching' (P< 0.001). 5. With regard to parctical use of lecture, it was evaluated as 'more than good' by 805 persons(67.5%) for 'Usefulness to clinical demonstration' and by 873 person(71.7%) for 'Attitude towards study'. With the result of evaluation made as in the above, we are able to see that the education of orthopedic physical therapy which is organized by Orthpedic Physical Therapy Society of Korea, is being successfully conducted and evaluated by its members, and furthermore the staff of this society has to make his best endeavoures for the growth of this society and for the development of this education.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2005

Purpose: The morbidity of pesticides are largely related with accidental ingestion in human. The four principal ideals of clarity, completeness, conformity and consistency of label are important to make a correct usage and prevent unnecessary health risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate the appropriateness of pesticides labelling practice in Korea. Methods: The photographic label images of pesticide products were gathered through visiting thirteen manufacturers that produce pesticide products in Korea. We scored labelling practice by guidelines of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1995. Results: From August 2005 to November 2005, we gathered 1,296 label images of pesticide and $58.3{\%}$ (755/1,296) of images were scored by check lists for reviewing label content. The average score of four check list categories was $71.9{\pm}2.2$. Each categorical score were $91.7{\pm}0.9$ for the information appearing on the label, $31.3{\pm}0.0$ for safety precaution, $77.7{\pm}2.0$ for instructions for use, $87.0{\pm}8.7$ for general configurations. In safety precaution, the sentence of keeping locked up the product and two mandatory safety pictograms were missed in all label images. In general configurations category, there was score difference in product package types between bottle and bag container ($85.1{\pm}9.0$ vs. $90.3{\pm}7.2$, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Although there was no comparable previous data, the score of safety precaution was lowest than other categories because the two mandatory safety pictograms and locked up warning sentence were missed. In general configurations, the colour contrast was more inappropriate in the labels on bottle than bag container.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 한강유역 산지소하천 미세소유역별 돌발홍수 재현기간을 산정하고, 돌발홍수 실사례를 활용하여 적합성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 1시간 지속기간의 한계유출량과 SURR 모형으로 모의한 토양포화미흡량으로부터 돌발홍수능을 산정하였다. 이후 돌발홍수능을 초과한 과거 집중호우 사상(2002~2010년)의 강우량과 재현기간별 유역평균확률강우량을 비교하여 미세소유역별 돌발홍수 재현기간을 산정하였다. 또한, 돌발홍수 실사례(2011~2016년) 강수량으로부터 추정된 재현기간을 활용하여 적합성을 평가하였다. 돌발홍수 재현기간 산정결과 평균은 1.6년, 표준편차는 1.1로 산정되었으며, 1.1~19.9년 범위로 나타났다. 적합성 평가결과 돌발홍수 사례별 추정된 재현기간의 83%가 돌발홍수 재현기간 범위 이내로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 산정한 돌발홍수 재현기간의 적합성은 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.1234-1240
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• 2002

목 적: 전라북도지역의 어린이 예방접종의 실태를 파악함으로써 문제점을 알아보고 예방접종률과 접종 시기의 적절성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 방 법: 2000년 3월부터 6월까지 전북지역의 5세 이하의 소아 850명을 대상으로 하였으며 조사방법은 보호자의 면담과 예방접종수첩 등 의무기록을 근거로 이루어 졌다. 예방접종 종류에 따른 접종여부, 접종시기와 횟수, 접종장소에 대해 조사하였다. 결 과 : 1) 조사방법은 전체 850명 중 362명(43%)은 예방접종수첩을 통해 이루어졌으며, 488명(57%)은 보호자의 기억을 통한 면담으로 이루어졌다. 2) 전체 예방접종의 50.4%는 보건소에서, 44.3%는 개인의원에서, 5.3%는 대학병원과 종합병원에서 이루어졌다. 기본접종인 BCG(49%), B형 간염(47%), DTaP(61%), MMR(55%), 일본뇌염(73%)은 보건소에서 주로 접종되었고, 수두(62%)와 Hib백신(88%)등 선별접종은 개인의원에서 더 많이 이루어졌다. 3) 예방접종률은 BCG는 99.2%, B형 간염은 93.5%, DTaP & TOPV는 96.1%로 비교적 접종률이 높았으나, 선별접종인 MMR은 83.7%, 수두는 72.5%, 일본뇌염은 50.2%, Hib는 15.8%로 낮은 접종률을 보였다. 4) 예방접종 시기의 적절성은 B형간염은 88.4%, DTaP는 72.8%, 일본뇌염은 18.5%로 각각의 접종률인 93.5%, 94.6%, 50.2%와 큰 차이를 보였다. 결 론 : 1세 미만에 실시하는 예방접종들의 접종률은 비교적 높았으나 1세 이후에 실시하거나, 여러 차례 추가접종이 필요한 경우는 접종률과 적절성이 모두 낮았다. 특히, MMR, 수두, 일본뇌염, Hib 백신의 경우 지역사회에서의 유행을 예방하기에는 아직 낮은 수준으로 평가된다. 이러한 예방접종률을 높이기 위해서는 무엇보다도 부모들의 백신 접종에 대한 인식을 높이는 것이 중요하고, 예방접종기록을 표준화하고 전산화하며, 예방접종 기록을 초등학교 입학시에 제출하는 것을 의무화하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 그리고, 예방접종 사업에 대한 평가와 이를 환류 할 수 있는 감시체계가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.161-174
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• 1999

This study tried to search for solutions of present problems in architecture through interdisciplinary study which includes biology, literature, aesthetics, and psychology, and set up two models composed of the nature and the human perception which contemporary architecture has problems on. By nature-oriented approach through biology and romanticist literature, the five types of organic principles which could be obtained from structure and order in natural system and by human perception-oriented approach through aesthetic theory of Harold Osborne and perceptual and cognitive psychology the structure and order of perceptual arousal, perceptual balance, and perceptual order in human cognition based on perceptual appropriateness could be found. The unified and organic framework of architectural composition must be considered through a deductive and inductive study as this study was approached. The results of the present study can be applied to construct human-oriented design principles and factors in architectural space and form, and better environmental quality.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2006

An ergonomic study of school environment and school desks and chairs was conducted in Incheon metropolitan area. Total of 1,145 students from 11 schools participated in questionnaire survey and ergonomic evaluation of school desks and chairs was performed to study structural appropriateness and usability. Results of the study revealed that overall levels of school environment in terms of noise and dust density in the air were higher than safety standard. Desks and chairs were not properly designed with consideration of student's anthropometric characteristics. Prompt improvement of school environment and re-designing of school furniture are required in order to prevent reduced performance in study and physical disorders such as musculoskeletal disorders.