• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate herbicidal properties of picolinafen in terms of crop safety, weed control spectrum, application window, residual efficacy and resistant weed control. Herbicidal phytotoxicity of picolinafen to wheat and barley was greatest when applied at 0 days after sowing (DAS), but decreased significantly as plant growth advanced. Picolinafen showed greater activity against broadleaved weeds than grass weeds. Picolinafen showed highest activity when it was applied at early post emergence timing (5 to 15 DAS), and showed significantly decreased activity at 20 DAS application. The $LT_{50}$ values (the period from application required for residual control by 50%) was 9.3 and 6.5 days against Digitaria ciliaris and Brasica naus at 60 g ai $ha^{-1}$, respectively. Picolinafen showed similar activities against both triazine resistant and sensitive Amaranthus retroflexus. Collectively, picolinafen appeared to have a good fitness to control resistant broad leaved weeds control by early post emergence application.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

This study focuses on a ship detection and tracking method using Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar used for horizontal surveillance. In general, FMCW radar can play an important role in maritime surveillance, because it has many advantages such as low warm-up time, low power consumption, and its all weather performance. In this paper, we introduce an effective method for data and signal processing of ship's detecting and tracking using the X-band radar. Ships information was extracted using an image-based processing method such as the land masking and morphological filtering with a threshold for a cycle data merged from raw data (spoke data). After that, ships was tracked using search-window that is ship's expected rectangle area in the next frame considering expected maximum speed (19 kts) and interval time (5 sec). By using this method, the tracking results for most of the moving object tracking was successful and those results were compared with AIS (Automatic Identification System) for ships position. Therefore, it can be said that the practical application of this detection and tracking method using FMCW radar improve the maritime safety as well as expand the surveillance coverage cost-effectively. Algorithm improvements are required for an enhancement of small ship detection and tracking technique in the future.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.6
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• pp.189-227
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• 1993

I have studied life of Yoon-Dong-Li(尹東里), who applied Un-Ki(運氣) theory to medicine during Suk-Jong(肅宗) to Joong-Jo(正祖) in Yi-Dynasty and also studied his existing writings named ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣). The referenced original work prints were based on 1980's print of Chung-Ku oriental medical society and National Central Library and The academy a korean studies possessed print. Studied with these books, I have concluded as follows. 1. Yoon-Dong-Li(尹東里) courtesy name is Ja-Mi(子美), pen name is Cho-Chang(草窓). He was born in 1705, Suk-Jong(肅宗) 31yrs, and died in 1784, Jeong-Jo(正祖) 8yrs in Yi-Dynasty. He had lineage of third-generationed-doctor and learned medicine from his uncle, Yoon-Woo-Kyo(尹雨敎). His father Yoon-Yi-Kyo(尹이敎) gaved him second influence. 2. Confucianal physician in Ming Dynasty You-Bu(劉溥) respected Ju-Ryeom-Kye(周溓溪), confucianist in Song-Dynasty and You-Bu(劉溥) does not removed grass in front of window (because in chinese, Cho-Charig(草窓) means grass in front of window), and named himself Cho-Chang(草窓). Yoon-Dong-Li(尹東里) followed this suit so called himself Cho-Chang (草窓). 3. The main contents of ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣), (運氣衍論) was written in 1725, when Yoon-Dong-Li(尹東里) was 21yrs old and printed in 1736. The other part of ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣), (用藥篇) was written in 1746. These two parts were not written in the satre time. The (運氣衍論) was written llyears earlier than (用藥). Two parts were combined another day and named (草窓訣). 4. Existing ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣) is transcribed printing with the con tent of "Five elements motion and the six kind of natural factors theory" (五運六氣設). Each edition is generally similar in content, but also has different points each other so naw we hardly finds a complete set of works. 5. ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣) is a first technical book which treats of Un-Ki(運氣) theory in korea. 6. The contents of (運氣衍論) of ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣) is mechanism of diease according to excess and insuffciency of five elements motion and six kinds of nalural faclors.and symploms and priscriptions, includes variated priscriptions. 7. Two parts in (運氣衍論) of ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣), 'Sang-tong' (相通) and 'Kak-Tong' (各通), threats of mochanisim of the disease according to five elements. with the principle of inter-promoting and inter-acting, in the change of ten heavenly stems and five elements motion. 8. In the (用藥篇) of ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣) describes priscription for clinical application according to Un-Ki(運氣) and also records about misuse of medicine. 9. In the ${\ll}$Cho-Chang-Kyeol${\gg}$ (草窓訣), most of priscription are common using one, which also found in ${\ll}$Dong-$\breve{U}$i-Bo-Garm${\gg}$ (東醫寶鑑) and there are few of priscriptions hy Yoon-Dong-Li(尹東里).

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2002

Borehole image analysis has been carried out to obtain the detailed geological data by approach of direct observation. Direct application of borehole image analysis inevitably gives rise to a few of restriction of data acquisition due to the limited information within narrow borehole space. Considering the apparent dip of discontinuity surface depending upon the direction, the visualized program of two-dimensional subsurface discontinuities is coded. Borehole image analysis can compensate the distribution of subsurface discontinuity extending into the expected area of investigation. In order to draw subsurface profile in the proposed area of subsurface construction, visualized program is coded as a window GUI (Graphic User Interface) using Fortran and Visual Basic Programming languages. It is to open publicly for the usage of whoever is in want. Discontinuity distribution map is visualized along the Proposed line of tunnel in the Janggye-ri area, Jangsu-gun. Using the visualized program, the limited information from borehole spatially applies into analysis of overall subsurface structures, and the distributional characteristics of discontinuity anticipate at the proposed area. In addition, spacing and extension of joint and depth of discontinuity effecting tunnel safety can be visualized along the direction of the proposed tunnel. These lines of visualization apply design and construction of fundanmental structures.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 2017

Electric double layer capacitors (EDLC: electric double layer capacitors) have drew attention as an energy storage device for the next generation because of their outstanding power capability and durability. But their usage is somewhat limited due to low energy density over secondary batteries. One of methods to improve the energy of EDLC is expanding the voltage window of cell operation by increasing the charge cut-off voltage. In this study, $SBP-BF_4$ (spirobipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate), $TEA-BF_4$ (tetraethylammonium tetraflouroborate) and $EMI-BF_4$ (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) in AN (acetonitrile) were selected to evaluate the possibility of application at high voltage environment. The LSV (linear sweep voltammetry) measurements showed that the 1.5M SBP-BF4/AN electrolyte was stable over a wide potential window and showed the best electrochemical performance compared to other combinations of electrolytes at high voltage environments (over 3.0 V). Furthermore, TMSP (tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite) was applied to 1.5M SBP-BF4/AN in order to maintain stable performance at high voltage for the long period of time. The electrolyte with TMSP additive showed the capacity retention of 93% after 10,000 cycles at 3.3 V.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2281-2292
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• 2013

This study was to examine the influential factors of smartphone overuse in health college students. The subjects of this study were randomly selected from the departments of Emergency Medical Technology, Physical Therapy and Health Administration at G College in G metropolitan city and 250 subjects were sampled. After explaining the purposes of the research from Oct. 22 to 25, 2012 and obtaining their consent to take part in the research, structured self-administered questionnaire was given and examined. Final 223 data were collected and used for analysis with SPSS 12.0 for Window. To sum up the results of the research, it was confirmed that the motives of using smartphone were highest in entertainment and leisure on withdrawal of overuse sub-factors, ostentation and trend on tolerance, entertainment and leisure on compulsion and obsession, ostentation and trend on life inconvenience and side-effects, and entertainment and leisure throughout its overuse motives. Therefore, development and application of preventive education programs on overuse smartphone use with health college students are urgently required and practical personal counseling and management for overuse smartphone users should be conducted.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.588-595
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• 2020

Prediction and control of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emission is of great interest in industry due to stricter environmental regulations. Herein, we propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-based framework for prediction of NO_x emission. The framework includes pre-processing of data for training of neural networks and evaluation of the AI-based models. In this work, Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM), one of the recurrent neural networks, was adopted to reflect the time series characteristics of NO_x emissions. A decision tree was used to determine a time window of LSTM prior to training of the network. The neural network was trained with operational data from a heating furnace. The optimal model was obtained by optimizing hyper-parameters. The LSTM model provided a reliable prediction of NO_x emission for both training and test data, showing an accuracy of 93% or more. The application of the proposed AI-based framework will provide new opportunities for predicting the emission of various air pollutants with time series characteristics.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.24-33
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• 2000

Switching behaviour of the ferroelectric thin film and device characteristics of the MFSFET(Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor FET) are simulated with taking into account the accumulation of oxygen vacancies near interface between the ferroelectric thin film and the bottom electrode caused by the progress of fatigue. In our switching model, relative switched charge is 0.74 nC before fatigue, but after the progress of fatigue it reduces to 0.15 nC with the generation of oxygen vacancies. It indicates that the generation of oxygen vacancies strongly suppresses polarization reversal. $C-V_G\;and\;I_D-V_G$ curves in our MFSFET device model exhibit the memory window of 2 V and show the accumulation, the depletion and the inversion regions in capacitance characteristic clearly. The difference of saturation drain current of the device before fatigue in shown by the dual threshold voltages in $I_D-V_G$ curve as 6nA/$cm^2$ and decreases as much as 50% after fatigue. Decrease of the difference of saturation drain currents by fatigue implies that the accumulation of oxygen vacancies with the fatigue should be avoided in the device application. Our simulation model is expected to play an important role in estimation of the behavior of MFSFET device with various ferroelectric thin films.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2003

This paper have examined the optimum combination of SNCR and SCR by varying SNCR injection temperature and NSR ratio along with SCR space velocity. NOx reduction experiments using a SNCR/SCR combined process have been conducted in simple NO/NH$_3$/O$_2$ gas mixtures. Total gas flow rate was kept constant 4 liter/min throughout the SNCR and SCR reactors, where initial NOx concentration was 500 ppm in the presence of 5% O$_2$. Commercial catalyst, sulfated V$_2$O$\_$5/-WO$_3$/TiO$_2$, was used for SCR NOx reduction. The residence time and space velocity were around 1.67 sec, 2,400 h$\^$-1/ and 6,000 h$\^$-1/ in the SNCR and SCR reactors, respectively. SNCR NOx reduction effectively occurred in a temperature window of 900-950$^{\circ}C$. About 88% NOx reduction was achieved with an optimum temperature of 950$^{\circ}C$ and NSR=1.5. SCR NOx reduction using commercial V$_2$O$\_$5/-WO$_3$-SO$_4$/TiO$_2$ catalyst occurred in a temperature window of 200-450$^{\circ}C$ 80-98% NOxreduction was possible with SV=2400 h$\^$-1/ and a molar ratio of 1.0-2.0. A SNCR/SCR(SV=6000 h$\^$-1/) combined process has shown same NOx reduction compared with a stand-alone SCR(SV=2400 h$\^$-1/) unit process of 98% NOx reduction. The NH$_3$-based chemical could routinely achieve SNCR/SCR combined process total NOx reductions of 98% with less than 5 ppm NH$_3$ slip at NSR ranging from about 1.5 to 2.0, SNCR temperature of 900$^{\circ}C$-950$^{\circ}C$, and SCR space velocity of 6000 h$\^$-1/. Particularly, more than 98% NOx reduction was possible using the combined process under the conditions of T$\_$SNCR/=950$^{\circ}C$, T$\_$SCR/=350$^{\circ}C$, 5% O$_2$, SV=6000 h$\^$-1/ and NH$_3$/NOx=1.5. A catalyst volume was about three times reduced by SNCR/SCR combined process compared with SCR process under the same controlled conditions.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.290-293
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• 2001

The SrBi$_2$Nb$_2$O$_{9}$ (SBN) thin films were deposited on p-type(100) Si substrates by rf magnetron sputtering to confirm the Possibility of Pt/SBN/Si structure for the application of nondestructive read out ferroelectric random access memory (NDRO- FRAM). The SBN thin films were deposited by co-sputtering method with Sr$_2$Nb$_2$O$_{7}$ (SNO) and Bi$_2$O$_3$ ceramic targets. The SBN thin films deposited at room temperature were annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ for 1hr in $O_2$ ambient. The structural and electrical properties of SBN with different power ratios of targets were measured by x-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), capacitance-voltage(C-V), and current-voltage(I-V). The C-V curves of the SBN films showed hysteresis curves of a clockwise rotation showing ferroelectricity. When the Power ratio of the SNO/Bi$_2$O$_3$ targets was 120 W/100 W, the SBN thin films had excellent electrical properties. The memory window of SBN thin film was 1.8 V-6.3 V at applied voltage of 3 V-9 V and the leakage current density was 1.5 $\times$ 10$^{-7}$ A/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at applied voltage of 5 V The composition of SBN thin films was analysed by electron probe X-ray micro analyzer(EPMA) and the atomic ratio of Sr:Bi:Nb with pawer ratio of 120 W/100 W was 1:3:2.