• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.859-876
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical application traffic classification system as an alternative means to overcome the limitations of the port number and payload based methodologies, which are traditionally considered traffic classification methods. The proposed system is a new classification model that hierarchically combines a binary classifier SVM and Support Vector Data Descriptions (SVDDs). The proposed system selects an optimal attribute subset from the bi-directional traffic flows generated by our traffic analysis system (KU-MON) that enables real-time collection and analysis of campus traffic. The system is composed of three layers: The first layer is a binary classifier SVM that performs rapid classification between P2P and non-P2P traffic. The second layer classifies P2P traffic into file-sharing, messenger and TV, based on three SVDDs. The third layer performs specialized classification of all individual application traffic types. Since the proposed system enables both coarse- and fine-grained classification, it can guarantee efficient resource management, such as a stable network environment, seamless bandwidth guarantee and appropriate QoS. Moreover, even when a new application emerges, it can be easily adapted for incremental updating and scaling. Only additional training for the new part of the application traffic is needed instead of retraining the entire system. The performance of the proposed system is validated via experiments which confirm that its recall and precision measures are satisfactory.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.479-500
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• 2013

This paper presents the experimental as well as analytical study conducted on layer-bonded scrap tire rubber pad (STRP) isolators to develop low-cost seismic isolators applicable to structures in developing countries. The STRP specimen samples were produced by stacking the STRP layers one on top of another with the application of adhesive. In unbonded application, the STRP bearings were placed between the substructure and superstructure without fastening between the contact surfaces which allows roll-off of the contact supports. The vertical compression and horizontal shear tests were conducted with varying axial loads. These results were used to compute the different mechanical properties of the STRP isolators including vertical stiffness, horizontal effective stiffness, average horizontal stiffness and effective damping ratios. The load-displacement relationships of STRP isolators obtained by experimental and finite element analysis results were found to be in close agreement. The tested STRP samples show energy dissipation capacity considerably greater than the natural rubber bearings. The layer-bonded STRP isolators serve positive incremental force resisting capacity up to the shear strain level of 150%.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-90
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• 2012

Thin client computing trades local processing for network bandwidth consumption by offloading application logic to remote servers. User input and display updates are exchanged between client and server through a thin client protocol. On wireless devices, the thin client protocol traffic can lead to a significantly higher power consumption of the radio interface. In this article, a cross-layer framework is presented that transitions the wireless network interface card (WNIC) to the energy-conserving sleep mode when no traffic from the server is expected. The approach is validated for different wireless channel conditions, such as path loss and available bandwidth, as well as for different network roundtrip time values. Using this cross-layer algorithm for sample scenario with a remote text editor, and through experiments based on actual user traces, a reduction of the WNIC energy consumption of up to 36.82% is obtained, without degrading the application's reactivity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.321-326
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• 2016

Minimizing the carrier recombination and electrical loss through surface passivation is required for high efficiency c-Si solar cell. Usually, $SiN_X$, $SiO_X$, $SiON_X$ and $AlO_X$ layers are used as passivation layer in solar cell application. Silicon oxide layer is one of the good passivation layer in Si based solar cell application. It has good selective carrier, low interface state density, good thermal stability and tunneling effect. Recently tunneling based passivation layer is used for high efficiency Si solar cell such as HIT, TOPCon and TRIEX structure. In this paper, we focused on silicon oxide grown by various the method (thermal, wet-chemical, plasma) and passivation effect in c-Si solar cell.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.19-33
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• 2011

The need for application traffic classification becomes important for the effective use of network resources. The header-based identification method uses the header signature {IP address, port number, transport layer protocol TCP/UDP)}extracted from Internet application server to overcome some limitations overhead, payload encryption, etc.) of previous methods. A lots signature is extracted because this method uses header information of server. So, we need a maintenance method to keep essential signatures. In this paper, we represent the signature maintenance method using properties of identified traffic and history of the signature. Also, we prove the feasibility and applicability of our proposed method by an acceptable experimental result.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.14-20
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• 1985

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of whole layer placement of total of N.P.K. application with clay mineral such as Bentonits and Zeolite on the growth and the yield of rice in different sandy soils. The results obtained were as follows ; The yield was increased by whole layer placement of total amount of N.P.K. application with clay minerals in both soils examined compared with the treatment of N.P.K. only. In fine sandy loam soil, it was increased significantly at 5% level at N.P.K. + Zeolite 1.0 M/T and in fine sandy soil, at 5 % and 1 % at N.P.K. + Bentonits 0.5 M/T and N.P.K. + Bentonite 1.0 M/T, respectively. The nitrogen and silica content of rice straw at heading stage were increased and were tended to increase in phosphate and exchangeable cations such as potassium. calcium and magnesium by whole layer placement of total amount of N.P.K. application with clay mineral. The chemical properties of both soils were changed slightly after the harvest of rice by the whole layer placement of total amount of N.P.K. application with clay mineral ; pH, C.E.C., exchangeable base and available silica content were increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.476-486
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• 2004

This paper is the second part of the study on the development of a smart active layer (SAL) sensor, which consists of two parts. As mentioned in the first paper, structural health monitoring (SHM) is a new technology that is being increasingly applied at the industrial field as a potential approach to improve cost and convenience of structural inspection. Recently, the development of smart sensor is very active for real application. This study has focused on preparation and application study of SAL sensor which is described with regard to the theory and concept of the SAL sensor in the first paper. In order to detect elastic wave, smart piezoelectric sensor, SAL, is fabricated by using a piezoelectric element, shielding layer and protection layer. This protection layer plays an important role in a patched network of distributed piezoelectric sensor and shielding treatment. Four types of SAL sensor are designed/prepared/tested, and these details will be discussed in the paper In this study, SAL sensor ran be feasibly applied to perform structural health monitoring and to detect damage sources which result in elastic waves.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.263-271
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the patterns of hybrid layer according to the application time and the frequency and its effects on the shear bonding strength of All-In-One system in primary teeth. A single bonding agent(Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus, 3M) and an All-In-One system(Prompt L-pop, 3M ESPE) were applied on the dentin varying the application time and the frequency in primary teeth. Shear bond strength was measured and the patterns of hybrid layers were observed by SEM. The following results were obtained ; 1. The shear bonding strength of single bonding agent was significantly higher than that of All-In-One system(P<0.05). 2. The shear bonding strength of All-In-One system applied twice or 3 times were higher than that of applied once (P<0.05). And thickness of the hybrid layer was increased when applied twice or 3 times compared to once. 3. The shear bonding strength of All-In-One system when applied for 15 second and 30 second were higher than that of 7 second (P<0.05). And the hybrid layer thickness of 15 second and 30 second's application time were higher than that of 7 second. 4. Thickness of hybrid layer applied with single bonding agent was $2-4{\mu}m$ and that of All-In-One system was $1-2{\mu}m$.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.313-318
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• 2013

QoS in wireless multimedia sensor networks is an important issue to enhance streaming media service. This paper proposes a new 2-layer based QoS evaluation scheme for enhancing the streaming media QoS of wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed scheme performs the fuzzy relevance to control the streaming between application layer and network layer, and it performs 2-layer mapping process to enhance the transmission reliability and throughput. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves improved performance in packet control ratio, transmission reliability, and delay overhead ratio compared with those of other existing schemes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.93-97
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• 2022

We report highly efficient quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) with TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternative electron transport layer (ETL) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as an insulating layer. TiO₂ NPs were applied as ETLs of inverted structured QLEDs and the effect of the addition of PMMA between ETL and emission layer (EML) on device characteristics was studied in detail. A thin PMMA layer supported to make the charge balance in the EML of QLEDs due to its insulating property, which limits electron injection effectively. Green QLEDs with a PMMA layer produced the maximum luminance of 112,488 cd/m² and a current efficiency of 25.92 cd/A. We expect the extended application of TiO₂ NPs as the electron transport layer in inverted structured QLEDs device in the near future.