• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to test the control effect of methanol extracts of 10 medicinal plants on apple storage diseases caused by Botryosphaeria berengeriana, Glomerella cingulata and Penicillium expansum. Out of the 10 medicinal plants, methanol extracts of Coptis japonica and Anemarrhena asphodeloides inhibited effectively the mycelial growth of B. berengeriana, G. cingulata and P. expansum in vitro, for which the inhibition ratios of the two plant extracts were 100.0% and 89.3%, 73.7% and 94.1%, and 100.0% and 51.6%, respectively. Spore germination of the three fungi was inhibited 100% only by C. japonica extract, but only P. expansum was inhibited 100% by A. asphodeloides extract. No lesion was formed y the fungi at 5$^{\circ}C$ up to 2 weeks after inoculation. Lesion sizes produced by the three fungi at the temperature ranges of 1$0^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ and infection of B. berengeriana and G. cingulata were inhibited by C. japonica extract, but not by A. asphodeloides extract, while no lesion was formed by the fungi at 5$^{\circ}C$. Infections of the fungi on apples were somewhat stimulated by A. asphodeloides extract.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1998

사과 주산단지로부터 1995년부터 1997년까지 3개년에 걸쳐 저장시 부패를 일으키는 병 피해를 조사하고 분리된 병원균의 병원성을 검정한 결과, Alternaria spp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium spp., and Penicillium spp. 등 10종의 진균이 분리되었으며, 그 중 Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium spp. 및 Fusarium은 분리빈도도 높았고 병원성도 높았다. 균사생장에 있어서 Penicillium spp.은 $10{\sim}30^{\circ}C$에서, Botrytis cinerea 및 Alternaria spp.는 $5{\sim}30^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 잘 되었다. Penicillium spp.와 Alternaria spp.는 pH와 관련없이 생장하는 것으로 나타났고 Botrytis cinerea는 pH가 증가함에 따라 생장이 감소되었다. 포자 형성에 있어서는 Penicillium spp.는 $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$, Botrytis cinerea는 $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$에서 양호하였다. 사과선과가 저장병 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 선과를 소홀히 할 경우 피해가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 생육기중 건전과일을 채취하여 과피서식미생물을 조사한 결과 저장병에 관여하는 대부분의 진균이 분리된 점으로 보아 저장병균은 포장에서 오염되어 저장기간 중에 병을 일으키는 것으로 판명되었다. 사과저장병해를 줄이기 위하여 프로라츠 유제등 사과병해방제용 약제를 수확전 30일에 살포한 결과 저장병 피해를 현저히 줄일 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2010

In vitro and in vivo mycofumigation effects of the volatileproducing fungus Nodulisporium sp. CF016 isolated from stem of Cinnamomum loureirii and the role of its volatile compounds were investigated against phytopathogenic fungi. The volatile compounds produced by Nodulisporium sp. CF016 inhibited and killed a wide range of plant and storage pathogens including to Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Magnaporthe oryzae, Alternaria panax, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum. Mycofumigation with wheat bran-rice hull cultures of Nodulisporium sp. CF016 showed in vivo antifungal activity against gray mold caused by B. cinerea and blue mold caused by P. expansum of apple. The most abundant volatile compound produced by Nodulisporium sp. CF016 was $\beta$-elemene followed by 1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene, $\beta$-selinene and $\alpha$-selinene. Nodulisporium sp. CF016 could be an attractive mycofumigant in controlling postharvest diseases of various fruits including apple.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2013

Apple ring rot disease, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex. Fr) Ces. et de Not., is one of the most important diseases on apple fruits. In this study, strain 9001 isolated from healthy apple fruits from an infested orchard was evaluated for its biocontrol activity against apple ring rot in vitro and in vivo. Strain 9001 showed obvious antagonistic activity to B. dothidea YL-1 when plated on potato dextrose agar. Soaking healthy apples in the bacterial suspensions of strain 9001 prior to artificial inoculation of fungal pathogen resulted in a dramatic decrease in disease incidence when compared to the control. Moreover, either field application in the growth season or postharvest treatment of apples from infected orchards with bacterial suspensions of strain 9001 resulted in significantly reduced disease incidence within the storage period for 4 months at room temperature. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and the gyrA gene, strain 9001 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. These results indicated that B. amyloliquefaciens 9001 could be a promising agent in biocontrol of apple ring rot on fruit, which might help to minimize the yield loss of apple fruit during the long postharvest period.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2017

In 2014, abnormal brown spots were observed on Hongro apples in fields in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province and during low-temperature storage. The spots were round, blight brown, and different from the symptoms of previously reported apple diseases. A fungal pathogen was isolated and cultured on potato dextrose agar, and it was morphologically similar to Fusarium decemcellulare. A pathogenicity test showed the same brown spots on both wounded and unwounded Hongro and Fuji apple cultivars. RPB1 and RPB2 sequences of F. decemcellulare KNU-GC01 matched with those of F. decemcellulare NRRL 13412 (98.3% and 97.6% similarities, respectively); both strains clustered together in the phylogenetic tree, indicating their close relationship at the species level. Therefore, F. decemcellulare is a newly reported pathogen that causes brown spots on apples in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2007

A total of 39 essential oils were tested for antifungal activities as volatile compounds against five phytopathogenic fungi at a dose of 1 ${\mu}l$ per plate. Five essential oils showed inhibitory activities against mycelial growth of at least one phytopathogenic fungus. Origanum vulgare essential oil inhibited mycelial growth of all of the five fungi tested. Both Cuminum cyminum and Eucalyptus citriodora oils displayed in vitro antifungal activities against four phytopathogenic fungi except for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The essential oil of Thymus vulgaris suppressed the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani and that of Cymbopogon citratus was active to only F. oxysporum. The chemical compositions of the five active essential oils were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This study suggests that both E. citriodora and C. cyminum oils have a potential as antifungal preservatives for the control of storage diseases of various crops.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.148-158
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• 2009

마늘 저장 중 발생하는 부패병을 방제하기 위하여 처리한 농약의 안전성을 평가하고자 침지와 경엽살포 및 관주처리 방법으로 농약을 처리한 후 경시적으로 마늘 중 잔류농약을 분석하였다. 부패병 방제를 위하여 시험농약인 diphenylamine, prochloraz, tebuconazole 및 dimethoate를 침지, 경엽살포 및 관주 처리한 후 6개월까지 저장하면서 매월 1회 잔류분석을 수행하였다. 잔류시험 결과 침지는 10분 동안 수행하는 것이 적합하였고, 관주처리에서는 주당 50 mL를 처리하는 것이 적합하였다. 단양재래종, 의성재래종 및 남도종을 6개월 동안 저장하면서 경시적 농약잔류량을 분석한 결과 단양재래종 마늘 중 잔류량은 diphenylamine 0.008~0.28 mg/kg, tebuconazole 0.03~0.32 mg/kg, prochloraz가 0.02~0.12 mg/kg 그리고 dimethoate가 0.02~0.25 mg/kg이었다. 의성재래종 마늘 중 잔류량은 diphenylamine이 0.008~0.09 mg/kg, tebuconazole이 0.08~0.45 mg/kg, prochloraz가 0.02~0.57 mg/kg 그리고 dimethoate가 0.04~0.38 mg/kg이었다. 또한 남도종 마늘 중 잔류량은 diphenylamine이 0.008~0.52 mg/kg, tebuconazole이 0.07~1.67 mg/kg, prochloraz가 0.02~0.17 mg/kg 그리고 dimethoate가 0.03~0.73 mg/kg이었다. 검출된 농약 중 tebuconazole은 잔류허용기준(MRL)인 0.1 mg/kg을 초과하였으나, dimethoate의 경우 모든 시료에서 MRL인 1.0 mg/kg 미만으로 검출되었으며, diphenylamine과 prochloraz는 MRL이 설정되지 않아 추가적인 안전성 평가가 필요하였다.