• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of the Qigong training program on the anxiety and labor pains of primipara. Method: The research subjects were a total of 60 primipara who consulted a doctor regularly concerning their antenatal care. Among them, 30 people were the experimental group, and the other 30 people were the control group, and were selected as homogeneous with the experimental group. The degree of anxiety and labor pains were measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Graphic Rating Scale(GRS). SPSS WIN 11.0 was used for data analysis. Obstetric and general characteristics between experimental and control groups, and a homogeneity test of state and trait anxiety were done by both $X^2$ test and t-test. The hypothesis testing was analyzed by ANCOVA with a covariate of pretest value. Result: The first hypothesis, 'Primipara who join the Qigong training program have lower anxiety than those who do not join' was supported (F=28.8, p<.000). The second hypothesis, 'Primipara who join the Qigong training program have lower labor pain than those who do not join' was unsupported. Conclusion: It was verified that the Qigong training program was effective in alleviating anxiety; however it did not have any effect on relieving labor pain, so more in-depth research is needed later on.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.422-430
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• 2012

Previous studies have demonstrated that repeated restraint stress in rodents produces increases in depression and anxiety-like behaviors and alters the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus. The current study focused on the impact of Bupleurum falcatum (BF) extract administration on repeated restraint stress-induced behavioral responses using the forced swimming test (FST) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Immunohistochemical examinations of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in rat brain were also conducted. Male rats received daily doses of 20, 50, or 100 mg/kg (i.p.) BF extract for 15 days, 30 min prior to restraint stress (4 h/day). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation in response to repeated restraint stress was confirmed base on serum corticosterone levels and CRF expression in the hypothalamus. Animals that were pre-treated with BF extract displayed significantly reduced immobility in the FST and increased open-arm exploration in the EPM test in comparison with controls. BF also blocked the increase in TH expression in the locus coeruleus of treated rats that experienced restraint stress. Together, these results demonstrate that BF extract administration prior to restraint stress significantly reduces depression and anxiety-like behaviors, possibly through central adrenergic mechanisms, and they suggest a role for BF extract in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.118-126
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the maturity of Christian faith and anxiety. Nurses are concerned with the spiritual dimension of clients' experience. The subjects of this study were patients with cancer in Y. University Hospital in Seoul Subjects were selected who knew their diagnosis, were aged 20 or older and agreed to the interview. A total of 35 patients were interviewed from August 1 to September 15, 1988. The instruments used in this study were the maturity of Christian faith scale developed by H.S. Choi and modified by the investigator, and an anxiety scale developed by the investigator. Data were analyzed by statistical methods including Frequency, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results included the following : Hypothesis, “That as the degree of maturity of Christian faith of the patients increases, the degree of state anxiety will decreases”, was supported (${\gamma}$＝-.8061, p＜.001). According to this study, maturity of Christian faith is significantly related to on the reduction of anxiety of patients with cancer. In a holistic approach to their clients, nurses may have confidence that the maturity of Christian faith of their clients will contribute to the reduction of anxiety.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.752-760
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating mediation effect of self-esteem on the relations among adolescents' abuse experiences, depression and anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Methods: The participants were selected using secondary data from a population in the 2012 Korea Welfare Panel Survey (KOWEPS). Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and SPSS Macro, and bootstrapping and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to analyze multilevel models. Results: First, analysis of the mediating effect of the adolescents' abuse showed that there was significant mediating influence between suicidal ideation and depression and anxiety. Second, hierarchical regression analysis showed that self-esteem had significant mediation effect on depression and anxiety in adolescents' suicidal ideation. Third, SPSS Macro showed that self-esteem also significantly moderated the mediating effect of adolescents' abuse experiences on suicidal ideation through depression and anxiety. Conclusion: The study results suggest that in future research on adolescent's abuse experience, the risk of suicide in depression and anxiety scores should be selected through evaluation of each individual's self-esteem scale. Coping strategies with immediate early intervention should be suggested.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of sleep quality, rehabilitation motivation, depression, and anxiety on quality of life in occupational accident patients. Methods: The participants were 138 patients who in and outpatient treatment at a hospital affiliated with the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare-service Hospital located in Daegu and Daejeon. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: Quality of life had a significant negative correlation with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety, respectively, but had a significant positive correlation with rehabilitation motivation. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that anxiety was a major factor affecting the quality of life of occupational accident patients. Anxiety showed 42.7% of explanatory power for the quality of life of occupational accident patients. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, in order to improve the quality of life of patients with occupational accidents, psychological interventions for anxiety should be provided first in the early stage of treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.391-397
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of manual lymph drainage (MLD) on the activity of sympathetic nervous system, anxiety, pain and pressure pain threshold in subjects with psychological stress. Methods: Twenty-nine subjects with psychological stress were randomly assigned to experimental (MLD) and control (rest) groups. This study was performed as a controlled, randomized study using spectral analysis of electrocardiographic (ECG) activities, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT). Results: Heart rate variability differed significantly between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). Anxiety and pain showed positive change in both group but it were not showed statically differences. The pressure pain threshold in the upper trapezius muscle was increased in the experimental group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the application of MLD was effective in reducing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, anxiety, pain, and increasing the PPT.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.61-73
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• 2023

As smartphone use is increasing within the middle-aged population, society should pay closer attention to the mental health problems associated with smartphone addiction. This study examines the possibility that depression, anxiety, and ADHD can be interpreted not only as negative aspects, but also as positive aspects, in an addiction-related individual. We used habitual and addictive smartphone behavior as the dependent variables; anxiety, ADHD, depression, and habitual smartphone use as the independent variables; and self-control as a moderating variable. Depression and ADHD in smartphone users were found to be associated with higher levels of addictive smartphone use. Anxiety was having negative effect on addictive smartphone use. However, habitual smartphone use didn't significantly affect addictive smartphone use. Further analysis indicated that depression, anxiety, and ADHD have mediating effects on habitual smartphone use. This study confirmed that psychological factors in adults, as well as habitual/addictive smartphone use and self-control, significantly influence smartphone overdependence.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.216-222
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• 2024

Objectives: To compare the levels of anxiety on GAD-7 scale among undergraduates of dental, medical and engineering students during COVID-19. The secondary objectives were to correlate the factors influencing level of anxiety and to assess the coping strategies practiced by undergraduates' students of Karachi duri.ng COVID-19 outbreak. Methodology: The cross-sectional based survey was conducted online among the medical, dental and engineering undergraduates' university students of private sector in Karachi through purposive sampling technique during COVID-19 lock down period. The GAD-7 validated tool was used along with the demographic variables, related stress factors and the coping skills practiced during this outbreak. Total 571 questionnaires were found completed in all sections. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 23. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mental health of the students was assessed on GADS-7 scale as normal, mild, moderate and severe levels. From the total (n=18-3.2%) were normal, (n=132-23.1%) had mild, (n=343-60.1%) had moderate and (n=78-13.7%) had severe anxiety level on GADS-7. The levels of anxiety on GAD-7 scale were all positively associated with the related stressors at p-value of 0.000. Moreover the results depicted that there was a moderate and positive correlation found (0.456, 0.447, 0.512 and 0.452) for all related stressors and GAD-7 scale. Taking breaks from watching, reading news regarding the outbreak of COVID-19, meditation and engaging in some other activities were the most frequently used coping strategies for all levels of anxiety among three cohorts of undergraduates'. Conclusion: Undergraduates has shown 96.9% drastically increased level of anxiety during the outbreak of COVID 19 pandemic. Taking breaks from watching, reading news regarding the outbreak of COVID-19 was the most frequent behavior practiced by the students.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2022

Objective : This study was to examine the impact of adverse childhood experiences on social anxiety symptoms in young adults and verify the mediating effects of positive resources. Methods : Data from 1,317 young adults aged to 18 to 29 years who took part in the university-based cross-sectional survey were analyzed. All participants completed Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) scale, Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD), and Positive Resources Test (POREST). Results : In young adults, 9.3% had severe social anxiety symptoms. Based on 10 ACE categories, 32.7% of participants reported one or more adverse childhood experience, and 4.5% reported four or more different forms of adverse childhood experiences. Young adults with higher social anxiety symptoms were likely to report more adverse childhood experiences, and less positive resources. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that positive resources moderated the association between adverse childhood experiences and social anxiety symptoms. Conclusion : Based on the results, professionals need to consider early detection of adverse childhood experiences and comorbid social anxiety symptoms. In addition, various positive psychological interventions for individuals with adverse childhood experiences are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.596-604
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• 2022

This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of anxiety between adolescents' smartphone overdependence and fatigue recovery, and to secure the evidence data for adolescents' smartphone overdependence intervention. Among the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 54,948 students were included. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, factor analysis, mediating effect analysis. The results were as follows. Smartphone overdependence had a direct effect on fatigue recovery and an indirect effect on fatigue recovery through anxiety. Smartphone overdependence had a significant effect on anxiety and fatigue recovery. Also, anxiety is verified as the mediation effect between smartphone overdependence and fatigue recovery. When we prepare intervention programs which improve fatigue recovery for adolescents, we need to consider anxiety.