• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2011

The study was conducted on 20 Holstein X Sahiwal cross bred dairy cows, with an average milk production of $2,752{\pm}113.79$ liters in $284{\pm}5.75$ days during a single lactation, that were divided in to two groups of 10 animals. We investigated the oxidative stress and antioxidant status during the transition period in dairy cows. In this study, plasma level of MDA was considered as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and SOD, catalase, GSH and GSHPx as antioxidants. The lipid peroxidation was significantly (p<0.001) higher in cows during early lactation as compared to the cows in advanced pregnancy. A significant positive correlation (r = +0.831, p<0.01) was determined between MDA and catalase in early lactating cows. In early lactating cows, blood glutathione was significantly lower than in advanced pregnant cows. However, early lactating cows showed non-significant negative correlation for all antioxidant enzymes with lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, dairy cows seemed to have more oxidative stress and low antioxidant defense during early lactation or just after parturition than advanced pregnant cows, and this appears to be the reason for their increased susceptibility to production diseases (e.g. mastitis, metritis, retention of fetal membranes etc.) and other health problems.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2021

Purpose: The goal of this study was to see how different aerobic exercise intensities affected AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), reactive oxygen, and antioxidant enzymes in young mice during an 8-week period. Methods: Forty male C57BL/6 mice, aged seven weeks, were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (n=10), low-intensity exercise (n=10), moderate-intensity exercise (n=10), and high-intensity exercise (n=10). For eight weeks, aerobic activity was performed once a day for 35-40 minutes, five days a week. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-squared tests, and the Tukey test in the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: Weight (p=.001) was substantially different between the moderate-intensity exercise group and the control group in AMPK (p<.001). In addition, there were no significant differences between the moderate-intensity exercise group and the control group in reactive oxygen malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p=.136) and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (p=.521). Conclusion: These findings suggest that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise increased AMPK activation and helped young mice shed weight.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2008

Nitric oxide (NO) affects the growth and development of plants and also affects plant responses to various stresses. Because NO induces root differentiation, we examined whether or not it is involved in increased ROS generation. Treatments with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scavenger, and $N{\omega}-nitro-{\text\tiny{L}}-arginine$ methyl ester hydrochloride (${\text\tiny{L}}-NAME$), an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, revealed that NO is involved in the adventitious root growth of mountain ginseng. Supply of an NO donor, SNP, activates NADPH oxidase activity, resulting in increased generation of $O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$, which subsequently induces growth of adventitious roots. Moreover, treatment with diphenyliodonium chloride (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, individually or with SNP, inhibited root growth, NADPH oxidase activity, and $O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ anion generation. Supply of the NO donor, SNP, did not induce any notable isoforms of enzymes; it did, however, increase the activity of pre-existing bands of NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes induced by SNP supply seems to be responsible for a low level of $H_2O_2$ in the adventitious roots of mountain ginseng. It was therefore concluded that NO-induced generation of $O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ by NADPH oxidase seems to have a role in adventitious root growth of mountain ginseng. The possible mechanism of NO involvement in $O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ generation through NADPH oxidase and subsequent root growth is discussed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1995

Antioxidant effect of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was investigated in rats. Long-term administration of ginseng water extract protected the activity of liver cytosotic SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase from being significantly decreased with advancing age (p<0.05). It was more effective toward glutathione peroxidase than other antioxidant enzymes. However, the level of sulfhydryl compounds and its related enzymes such as glutathione reductase and glutathione-5-transferase was not significantly changed by the administration of ginseng. Liver microsomal formation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide did not show a significant difference between two groups although it was slightly decreased with age, but lipid peroxidizability of microsomal membrane induced by a prooxidant was slightly lower in ginseng-treated rats. Interestingly, antioxidant capacity of plasma from ginseng treated rats on autooxidation of ok-brain homogenates was much higher than that of normal ones. However, resistance of RBC membrane against oxidative stress showed a similar tendency. The content of serum TBA reactive substances lowered consistently in the rats treated with r ginseng at all corresponding age and a significant difference between two groups was found at 24 months of age (p<0.05). Ginseng extract protected lipid peroxidation in brain and liver. This protection was more effective in the stressed rats imposed by immobilization than normal ones. In conclusion, ginseng water extract protected the age related deterioration of major antioxidant enzymes, and this effect was more striking with increasing duration of treatment. This comprehensive antioxidant action of ginseng seems to be bra certain action of ginseng other than a direct antioxidant action, which might be a long term normalizing effect through the harmony of various components.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.597-606
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• 1994

Oxygen derived radicals($O_2\;^-$, $H_2O_2$, and $OH^-$) are thought to play a role in a lot of human diseases. And it has been believed that antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase could protect the tissues from damage resulting from the oxygen derived free radicals. The purpose of this study was performed to investigate the activity of the SOD(CuZn- and Mn-SOD) and catalase in inflammatory gingival tissues and the correlation between boold glucose level and antioxidants and age in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NI- DDM) patients. For this study, the patients were classified into normal, inflammatory, and diabetic, and ten their papillary bleeding index(PBI) and gingival index were checked. Subjects consisted of 11 healthy patients with no inflammatroy gingiva, 20 adult periodontitis patients, and 8 diabetic patients, aged 33 to 66(average: 44.62). The blood glucose level of diabetic group was ranged from 120ml/dl to 160ml/dl(physical status 0 : averge : 135.67ml/dl). Gingival tissues were surgically obtained from the patients during periodontal surgery, extraction, and clinical corwn lenghening procedure. The activity of CuZn and Mn- SOD and catalase in the gingival tissues was measured by using UV-spectrophotometer by the same methods that Crapo et al. And Aebi did, respectively. The results were as follows : 1. The Mn-SOD activity was significantly lower in inflammatory group in comparison to normal group(P<0.05), and the activities of antioxidants in diabetic group were not significant in comparison to normal inflammatory group(P>0.05). 2. The activities of antioxidants showed little variation among individuals of different ages (P>0.05). 3. The higher blood glucose level was, the higher gingival index was(P<0.05). 4. There was no correlation between blood glucoe level and activity of antioxidant in inflammatory gingival tissues of NIDDM patients(P>0.05). In conclusion, these results, within the limits of the present experiment, suggest that the activity of Mn-SOD might reflect the inflammatory status of gingival tissue, and the activity of antioxidants was independent of blood glucose level of diabetic patients in physical status 0.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2017

The purposes of this study were to produce polysaccharides from red pepper stems using different extraction methods and evaluate their chemical composition, in vitro biological capacities, and rheological properties. Two polysaccharides were extracted from red pepper stems using an autoclave and alkali treatments, and the extracts were named PAU and PAL, respectively. The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly higher in PAU than those in PAL. PAU exhibited greater scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals, superoxide radicals, and nitrite compared to PAL, suggesting that PAU served as better antioxidants. Similarly, in vitro inhibitory abilities against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes of PAU were higher than those of PAL. Steady shear rheological analysis demonstrated that PAU showed higher psuedoplastic shear-thinning behavior compared to PAL. Based on the results from dynamic shear rheological properties, it was found that both samples had predominantly viscous behavior rather than elastic behavior.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2011

Radiation exposure may cause tissue damage by ionized or excited atoms. The molecules are transformed from water or they directly interact with cells. Antioxidants such as vitamin E, vitamin C are used to reduce the interference of radiation. Especially, vitamin E inhibits the formation and accumulation of lipid and oxidation and the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes. After irradiation of 3 Gy to the testis, the entire shape of testis was partly depressed and an irregular vacuole was observed to the edge. The 3 Gy group after treatment with vitamin E showed the low destruction of spermatogonia and partial tissue damage as compared to the 3 Gy group. Vitamin E inhibited the production of vacuoles from the cell death and generated the block to prevent the condensation of the seminiferous tubules.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2004년도 추계 학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.48-49
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• 2004

A peroxidase[E.C.1.11.1.7] is very important enzymes,e.g., as preventive antioxidants. The function is connected with growth and specialization of plant. It makes from the peroxidase and other product to save itself When a plant have been under stress of environment. A class III peroxidase cDNA was isolated from the flower bud of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and named PgPrx3. The PgPrx3 is an ORF(open reading frame) of 1,065 bp and a amino acid of 355 residue. Used BioEdit software to compare the PgPrx3 amino acid sequence with other plants which have already known a result of Identity was Spinacia oleracea(70%), vigna angularis(71%), Nicotiana tabacum(69%) and Linum usitatissimym(65%). The peroxidase of Vigna angularis has high homology relationship with ginseng. for that reason, the PgPx3 is a member of class III peroxidase.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 1994

비록 스트레스의 종류는 다를지라도, 환경 스트레스들은 공통적으로 식물채 내의 활성 산소의 양을 증가시킨다. 활성산소에 의하여 스트레스-에틸렌의 생성량은 증가하고 결국 식물체의 노화는 촉진된다. 반면에, 활성산소 분해 효소들과 antioxidiant들에 의하여 활성산소에 의한 스트레스-에틸렌 생성이 제한될 경우 한정된 양의 에틸렌에 의하여 스트레스에 대한 저항이 유도될 가능성이 있다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2008

The shell of Reeve's turtle has been used as a traditional folk medicine in Korea. We produced a hot water extract from Reeve's turtle shell according to the traditional medical practice. To release bioactive peptides, the hot water extract was enzymatically hydrolyzed with various proteases, and the free radical scavenging activity of the hydrolysate was investigated against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. The free radical scavenging activity of the enzymatic hydrolysates varied from 1 to 79% depending on the enzymes, free radical species, and concentration. The $EC_{50}$ values demonstrated that the enzymatic hydrolysates of hot water extract from the shell of Reeve's turtle are potential antioxidants.