• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.742-748
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the activities of antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) and lysosomal enzymes (alpha-glucopyranosidase (AGP) and beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (BNAG)) of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle from Hanwoo (Korean cattle) in three freezing conditions. Following freezing at -20, -60, and $-196^{\circ}C$ (liquid nitrogen), LD samples (48 h post-slaughter) were treated as follows: 1) freezing for 14 d, 2) 1 to 4 freeze-thaw cycles (2 d of freezing in each cycle), and 3) refrigeration ($4^{\circ}C$) for 7 d after 7 d of freezing. The control was the fresh (non-frozen) LD. Freezing treatment at all temperatures significantly (p<0.05) increased the activities of GSH-Px, AGP, and BNAG. The $-196^{\circ}C$ freezing had similar effects to the $-20^{\circ}C$ and $-60^{\circ}C$ freezing. Higher (p<0.05) enzymes activities were sustained in frozen LD even after 4 freeze-thaw cycles and even for 7 d of refrigeration after freezing. These findings suggest that freezing has remarkable effects on the activities of antioxidant enzyme and lysosomal enzymes of Hanwoo beef in any condition.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.355-365
• /
• 1997

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of Cheongahwan(CAH), being known to reinforce Kidney-yang, on the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the production of oxygen free radicals in the kidney tissues. Alterations in enzyme activities were observed after in vivo treatment in rats. CAH caused a significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. But catalase activity was not significantly altered by CAH. Treatment in vitro of CAH decreased the production of oxygen free radicals in a dose-dependent fashion. These results suggest that CAH stimulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibit directly the production of oxygen free radicals. These effects of CAH may contribute to prevent the oxygen free radical-induced impairment of cell function.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1 s.31
• /
• pp.21-36
• /
• 1996

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuycum, being known to reinforce Kidney-yin and yang, on the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the production of oxygen free radicals in the liver and kidney tissues, Alterations in enzyme activities were observed after in vivo treatment in rats, Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum caused a significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catajase Jwagyuyeum significantly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase in both liver and kidney, but the enzyme activity was not significantly altered by Woogyuyeum. Treatment in vitro of Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum decreased the production of oxygen free radicals in a dose-dependent fashion. These results suggest that Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum stimulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibit directly the production of oxygen free radicals. These effects of both herbs may contribute to prevent the oxygen free radical-induced impairment of cell function.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.254-259
• /
• 2013

The mechanisms of resistance to oxyfluorfen (OF) and paraquat (PQ) were investigated in rice plants. Examination of the concentration dependence of oxyfluorfen- or paraquat-induced increase in conductivity showed that conductivities in the OF- and PQ-treated leaf squares were increased with 0.1 ${\mu}M$ oxyfluorfen and 0.01 ${\mu}M$ paraquat and further increased with higher concentrations. The levels of conductivity were approximately 10-times higher in the PQ-treated plants than in the OF-treated plants, indicating that the PQ-treated plants suffered more severe photodynamic damage than the OF-treated plants. The photooxidative stress caused by foliar application of either 50 ${\mu}M$ oxyfluorfen or 100 ${\mu}M$ paraquat increased the enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase 1 day after the herbicide treatments and then further increased their enzyme activities 2 days after the treatments. The activities of catalase began to increase 2 days after the oxyfluorfen and paraquat treatments. These antioxidant enzymes appear to play an essential part of defense mechanisms against oxyfluorfen and paraquat. Our results demonstrate that paraquat caused more severe oxidative stress, as indicated by a greater change in conductivity, thereby resulting in greater increases in antioxidant responses in plants, compared with those of oxyfluorfen.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.262-267
• /
• 2005

Reactive oxygen species can be generated in the skin by hair dyeing. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of the oxidative-type hair dye application in young women on the antioxidant systems. We investigated the lipid peroxide levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, and the antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in plasma and erythrocytes and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes, and DNA damages in lymphocytes. Also, plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, vitamin A and E, were measured and the correlations between various antioxidant parameters and oxidative damages were evaluated The antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma (GSHPx) and in erythrocytes (SOD and CAT) were decreased significantly after hair dyeing. 1be lipid peroxide and GSH levels were not affected in both plasma and erythrocytes. No significant difference was found in the concentrations of both vitamin A and E between before and after hair dyeing. However, DNA damages expressed as the tail extent moment (TEM) and tail length (TL) were significantly (p<0.001) increased. The plasma vitamin E concentration was correlated with DNA damages (TEM: r=-0.590, p<0.01 and TL: r=-0.533. p<0.01) and RBC SOD activity (r=0.570, p<0.05). In turn, RBC SOD activity was significantly correlated with both plasma MDA levels (r=-0.412, p<0.05) and DNA damages (TM: r=-0.546, p<0.01, TL: r=-0.493, p<0.01). Our results demonstrated that the exposure to hair dyeing produced lymphocyte DNA damage and modification of the antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, there were very strong associations between plasma vitamin E concentration, RBC SOD activity and DNA damage induced by hair dyeing. It suggests that the antioxidant status of a subject is likely to be related to the extent of the harmful effects caused by hair dyeing.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.327-333
• /
• 2007

The present study was carried out to evaluate the physiological effects of mushroom supplementation on blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and antioxidant enzyme activities in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects were randomized into either a control group or mushroom supplementation group. Mushroom supplementation was provided 3 times a day for 4 weeks. We found that total dietary fiber intake was about 2.5 times higher (30.3 g vs. 12.3 g) in subjects receiving mushroom supplementation than in the control group. Two groups maintained the same food intake and amount of activity, exercise during the supplementation. We observed no difference in age, height, weight, BMI (body mass index), blood pressure between the groups. Nutrient intake did not differ appreciably between the two groups, except for fiber intake, during the supplementation. Fasting blood glucose levels and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels were significantly lower in those ingesting mushroom than in controls. Furthermore, the concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased significantly in the mushroom supplementation group. Small changes were observed in the concentration of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of those supplemented with mushroom, but these changes were not statistically significant. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase with mushroom supplementation were higher than in controls, but and glutathione peroxidase activity was not affected. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance of mushroom group were lower than control group, but were not significant. We conclude that addition of mushroom influences glycemic control and may be effective in lowering blood lipids and improving antioxidant enzyme activities. Accordingly, such effects may reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, to confirm these effects and to make dietary recommendations for patients with type 2 diabetes, further studies are necessary.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2000

The aim of this study was to evalute the effect of multivitamin-mineral supplementation during pregnancy on plasma levels of antioxidants, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation. A controlled, semi-randomized, prospective trial was performed by comparing the supplement group, which received multivitamin-mineral tables once daily for 10 weeks, with the control group. Plasma levels of $\beta$-carotene, tocopherol, coenzyme Q10, ascorbate, folate, zinc, and selenium and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of superocxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in erythrocytes were measured initially (20 wk gestation) and at the end of the intervention (34 wk gestation). In the control group, plasma ascorbate and selenium levels decreased and tocopherol levels increased. In the supplement group, a significant increase in plasma $\beta$-carotene(46%), conenzyme Q10 (42%), and zinc (24%) was observed after 10 weeks of supplementation. No changes were observed in the plasma levels of MDA, and erythrocyte GSH-Px activity, while SOD activity increased in both control group and the supplement group during the intervention. These data suggest that multivitamin-mineral supplementation during pregnancy produced moderate increases in plasma $\beta$-carotens, coenzyme Q10, and zinc concentrations but the enhancement of those plasma antioxidants had on direct on the plasma level of MDA, erythrocytes SOD or GSH-Px activities.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidase, GPx) activities in liver and gill of rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus fed the experimental diets for 40 days. The experimental diets were prepared by adding with 30, 60 120 and 240 mg/kg to a commercial diet. In the liver, there were significant increases in SOD at 30~240 mg/kg. GPx activities of liver also were significantly increased at 30~120 mg/kg. The increased activities of SOD and GSH in the gills were observed in the 120 and 240 mg/kg, hence, GPx activity of gill exposed to lower concentrations of zinc (60~240 mg/kg) showed significant augmentation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effect of acorn supplementation on the lipid profile and redox antioxidant enzyme activities in obese rat. Obesity in the rats was induced by feeding diet contained 10％ lard and 0.5％ cholesterol for 4 week. After 4 weeks, rats were divided into the following 5 groups; high fat diet (Control), high fat diet plus 10％ Acorn powder (APlO％), high fat diet plus 20％ Acorn powder (AP20％), high fat diet plus 0.2％ Acorn extract (AE0.2％), high fat diet plus 0.5％ Acorn extract (AE0.5％). Total food intake and food efficiency ratio (FER) was not significantly different by acorn powder and extract supplementation. But, body weight was decreased by 20％ acorn powder. Acorn powder and extract supplementation for 4 weeks tend to decrease total cholesterol and triglyceride level on the serum and hepatic tissue. There was no significant difference in hepatic glutathione (GSH) content among all the groups. The hepatic GST activity in acorn supplemented groups was lower than that of control. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were higher in acorn supplemented groups than that of control. Hepatic TBARS levels of experimental groups were also significantly lower than that of control group. Our finding suggest that acorn powders and extract might have potential role for improving lipid profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities in obese rats.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.29.1-29.6
• /
• 2016

In the present study, we investigated to the antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) by-products (PBB) hydrolysates prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis. The antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities of five enzymatic hydrolysates (alcalase, protamex, flavourzyme, papain, and trypsin) of PBB were evaluated by the 2, 2'-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] ($ABTS^+$) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities, reducing power and Li's method for ACE inhibitory activity. Of these PBB hydrolysates, the protamex hydrolysate exhibited the most potent ACE inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ value of $0.08{\pm}0.00mg/mL$. The PBB protamex hydrolysate was fractionated by two ultrafiltration membranes with 3 and 10 kDa (below 3 kDa, between 3 and 10 kDa, and above 10 kDa). These three fractions were evaluated for the total amino acids composition, antioxidant, and ACE inhibitory activities. Among these fractions, the < 3 kDa and 3-10 kDa fractions showed more potent $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity than that of > 10 kDa fraction, while the > 10 kDa fraction exhibited the significant reducing power than others. In addition, 3-10 kDa and > 10 kDa fractions showed the significant ACE inhibitory activity. These results suggested that the high molecular weight enzymatic hydrolysate derived from PBB could be used for control oxidative stress and prevent hypertension.