• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to investigate the protoporphyrin Ⅸ (PPIX)accumulation, activity of antioxidative enzymes and contents of antioxidant in tolerant-wheat and susceptible-barley to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) inhibiting-herbicides [oxyfluorfen(2-chloro-l-(3-ethoxy-nitrophenoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene, acifluorfen (5-[2-chloro-4-(trifl-uoromethyl) phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid), bifenox(methyl-5-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) 2-nitroben-zoate), and oxadiazon (5-tert-butyl-3-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one)]. The tolerant-wheat and susceptible-barley were soaked in these compounds at 10$^{-6}$ M for 2hrs and exposed to light for 2,4,6 or 8hrs to investigate change of the activity of antioxidative enzymes. The activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase(MDAR), catalase(CAL) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were lower in the barley than in the wheat after the treatement of these compounds. The activity of peroxidase(POX) was lower in the barley than in the wheat at 8hrs after the treatment of oxyfluorfen but other compounds showed no difference in activity in wheat and barley. The activity of glutathione reductase(GR) was increased in wheat and barley according as hours of treatment of these compounds became increased but its activity was no difference between wheat and barley. In the case of the content of vitamin C due to the treatment of these compounds, the wheat decreased less than the barley. After the treatment of oxyfluorfen the content of vitamin E in the wheat was higher than in the barley but other compounds didn't have any difference between wheat and barley. And after the treatment of acifluorfen the content of carotenoid was greater in the wheat than in the barley but other compounds didn't have any difference between wheat and barley. The content of glutathione (GSH, GSSG) was greater in the barley than in the wheat. The content of protoporphyrin Ⅸ (PPIX) accumulation by the treatments of these compounds was more in the barley than in the wheat. Especially, the treatment of oxyfluorfen and acifluorfen were more accumulated 2.3 and 1.3 fold in the barley than in the wheat, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 2016

The present study examined the effect of the dietary administration of a halophilic bacterium Bacillus sp. Mk22 on the growth improvement of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and reduced shrimp infection by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The shrimp were fed 45 days using three experimental diets: no addition (control), commercial probiotic, and Bacillus sp. Mk22. The shrimp treated with the halophilic bacterium Mk22 showed a significant improvement of growth (7.1 ± 0.21 g), survival (94.3 ± 0.58%), weight gain (178 ± 4.93 g), and reduced feed conversion rate (0.8 ± 0.03 g) compared with the shrimp in the other groups. The shrimp treated with Bacillus sp. Mk22 also showed a lower Vibrio count (0.02 ± 0.01 × 10² CFU/ml) in the shrimp culture water compared with the other groups. The shrimp in the three groups were challenged with either Vibrio or WSSV. For the Vibrio infection, no mortality was observed from water infection or oral feeding infection in the commercial probiotic group and Mk 22 group. For the WSSV infection, a 68% survival rate from water infection and 20% survival rate from oral feeding infection was observed on day 45 in the Mk22 group, while 100% mortalities were recorded at a much earlier time in both the control and commercial probiotic groups. The antioxidant enzyme activities, indicators of oxidative stress, such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, significantly decreased in both the Vibrio and WSSV-infected Mk22 groups compared with the other groups, indicating that Bacillus sp. Mk22 was effective in reducing oxidative stress, possibly due to the reduced infection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the biological activity and antimicrobial activity of Vaccinium oldhami fruit extracts. ABTS radical cation decolorization and the antioxidant protection factor (PF) of extracts as $92.7{\pm}4.1%$ and $3.6{\pm}1.6$ PF were higher than a BHT of $200{\mu}g/mL$ as $52.4{\pm}1.9%$ and $2.0{\pm}0.8$ PF, and the TBARS of extracts was $74.4{\pm}2.9%$ with $200{\mu}g/mL$. The hypertension inhibitory activity of extracts from Vaccinium oldhami fruit indicated the activities of $28.6{\pm}0.6%$ with $200{\mu}g/mL$, and anti-gout activity was $43.3{\pm}0.8%$ with $200{\mu}g/mL$. Antimicrobial activity was found in Vaccinium oldhami fruit extracts on Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli and Propionebacterium acne. This activity was illustrated as 24 mm, 28 mm, 13 mm, 26 mm and 16 mm clear zones with $200{\mu}g/mL$ respectively, and the elastase inhibitory activity which is related to the wrinkle cause was observed in extracts as $52.7{\pm}0.9%$ with $200{\mu}g/mL$.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate changes of hemolymph count, antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase: CAT and superoxide dismutase: SOD) and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA in hemolymph, hepatopancreas and gill of abalone (Haliotis sieboldii) exposed to various water temperatures. Abalones were exposed to 10, 15, 20, 25 or $30^{\circ}C$ for 0, 6, 12, 24 or 48 hours. Survival rate of abalone was 100% at 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$, but 0% at $30^{\circ}C$. Hemolymph counts increased at lower water temperatures (10 and $15^{\circ}C$) and decreased at $30^{\circ}C$. SOD activity decreased immediately after exposure to lower or higher water temperatures compared to the control ($20^{\circ}C$) with an exception at $30^{\circ}C$ where the activity increased. At lower temperatures, SOD activity rose high after 24 hours, but decreased again at 48 hours. At $25^{\circ}C$, it decreased compared to the control. CAT activity decreased immediately after exposure to 10 or $25^{\circ}C$ compared to the control, and then was recovered to the initial level after increment. At $15^{\circ}C$, CAT activity was high after 6 hours, and then was recovered to the initial level after increment. At $30^{\circ}C$, the activity decreased throughout the experiment. The HSP70 mRNA expression in gill increased at lower temperatures compared to the control ($20^{\circ}C$) and $25^{\circ}C$. In this study, rapid change of wale, temperature caused stress response in abalone which had been raised at $20^{\circ}C$. At molecular level, HSP70 was expressed rapidly, but antioxidant enzymes like SOD and CAT were expressed later than HSP70. At 15 and $25^{\circ}C$ of water temperatures, the HSP70, SOD and CAT expression were stable with time. However, at $30^{\circ}C$, all abalone died possibly because they could not develop resistance to high temperature.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2010

Naringin has antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic properties, however, phenolic compounds including naringin are unstable in the presence of light, heat and oxygen. Beta-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) is a cyclic heptamer composed of seven glucose units that enhances the stability and solubility of molecules through the formation of inclusion complexes. This study was conducted out to compare the effects of CD-naringin (CD-N) inclusion complexes with naringin on lipid metabolism in high fat-fed animals. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either CD-N (0.048%, w/w) or naringin (N, 0.02%, w/w) in a 20% high-fat (HFC, 15% lard, 5% corn oil, w/w) diet for 10 weeks. Orlistat (Xenical, 0.01%, w/w) was used as a positive control (PC). There were no differences in body weight, food intake, liver and heart weights, plasma triglyceride(TG), leptin, adiponectin, resistin, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 concentrations, and hepatic $\beta$-oxidation, carnitine palmitoyl transferase(CPT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme activities between the HFC and CD-N groups or between the HFC and N groups. However, both CD-naringin and naringin supplementation les to a significant reduction in the epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissue weights, plasma free fatty acid, insulin and blood glucose concentrations, hepatic cholesterol and TG contents and hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS), phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) and HMG-CoA reductase activities compared to the HFC group. The plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in CD-N and N groups than in HF and PC groups. These results indicate that both CD-naringin and naringin supplementation effectively improved plasma and hepatic lipid metabolism without differences between CD-N and naringin groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions of Hericium erinaceus mycelia in BALB/C mice injected with lopopolysaccharide (LPS), called endotoxin. Mice (6 weeks of age) weighing approximately $24.73\pm0.11$ g were divided into 5 groups and were fed on the experimental diets containing Hericium erinaceus mycelia powder (HMP) for 1 week. Experimental groups were NC (normal control), HMP-C (HMP control), LC (LPS control), HMP 3%, and HMP 10%. Endotoxin shock was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100 mg/kg BW). NC and HMP-C groups were injected with saline solution (100 mg/kg BW). Food efficiency ratio were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the HMP supplementation groups. Total fat and $\beta$-glucan excretion were higher in HMP supplementation groups than NC and LC groups, while plasma TG level was not different among groups. Plasma ALT levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the HMP supplementation groups than in LC group at 8 hr after LPS injection, while tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ and interleukine-6 levels of plasma were not different among groups. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, glutathione-reductase (GSH-red), and glutathione-peroxidase activities were higher in the HMP supplementation groups than in LC group at 4 hr after intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Hepatic GSH levels and protein expression of GSH-red was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the HMP supplemented groups than in LC group at 1 hr, 4 hr and 8 hr after LPS injection. From the above results, it is concluded that Hericium erinaceus mycelia may ameliorate hepatic oxidative stress by LPS through the elevation of hepatic glutathione level and antioxidant enzyme activities, which support the hepatoprotective effect of Hericium erinaceus mycelia.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.774-782
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• 2006

This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of an ethanol extract of lotus root (LRE) on alcohol-induced liver damage in rat. Sprague-Dawley rae weighing $100{\sim}150g$, were divided into 6 groups: basal diet group (BD), alcohol (35% 10 mL/kg/day) teated stoup (ET), LRE 200 mg/kg/day teated group (BD-LREL). LRE 400 mg/kg/day treated group (BD-LREH), LRE 200 mg/kg/day and alcohol treated group (ET-LREL), and LRE 400 3mg/kg/day and alcohol teated group (ET-LREH). After the administration, rats were sacrificed to get serum and liver to analyze antioxidant enzyme activity, glutathione and lipid peroxide contents. The body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were decreased by alcohol administration, however, were gradually increased to a little lower level than the basal diet group by the combined administration of alcohol and LRE. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities that were elevated by alcohol were significantly decreased by LRE administration. It was also observed that thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content, xanthine oxidase (XO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in liver that were increased by alcohol, were markedly decreased in the combined alcohol and LRE administered groups as compared with the alcohol administrated group. These effect of LRE within the alcohol groups were in a dose-dependent manner. The glutathione (GSH) content in liver was decreased by alcohol administration, however, increased after administering LRE. Teken together, these result suggest that ethanol extract of lotus root may have a possible protective effect on liver function in hepatotoxicity-induced rat by alcohol administration.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.245-255
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• 2018

The research was aimed to analyze the functional constituents (GABA and isoflavone), radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and hydroxyl) scavenging activities and enzyme (${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and lipase) inhibitory effects of soypowder milk (SPM) and fermented soy-powder milk (FSPM) with varied Lactobacillus brevis. Ten ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) producing lactic acid bacteria that showed 96-99% similarity with L. brevis, according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, were isolated from fermented kimchi. The conversion rates of GABA were obtained 66.96-93.51, 63.76-84.58, and 57.05-69.75% in monosodium glutamate, gluten and soy protein, respectively. The levels of pH and glutamic acid of FSPM were found lower than those of SPM, but the acidity and GABA contents were higher. The GABA conversion rate of FSPM with BMK484 strain was attained the highest 69.97%. The contents of isoflavone glycoside ($1290.93{\mu}g/g$) was higher in SPM, but the content of isoflavone aglycone ($287.27-501.9{\mu}g/g$) was higher in FSPM. The levels of isoflavone aglycone such as daidzein, glycitein and genistein, were found as the highest 240.2, 61.24 and $200.45{\mu}g/g$, respectively, when FSPM was made with BMK484 strain. The DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of FSPM made with BMK484 strain were the relatively higher 60.31, 88.10, 61.25, 52.71, and 39.37%, respectively. Therefore, the L. brevis can be used as a material capable of simultaneously enhanced GABA and isoflavone aglycone in FSPM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2008

This study was carried out to examine the effects of vitamin E on chronic gastric ulcer induced by alcohol treatment in rats. Chronic gastric ulcer model was established by oral administration of 70% ethanol at one time and supply of 15% ethanol for additional 7 days. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, approximately 200 g, were fasted for 24 hours and orally gavaged with 1 mL of 70% ethanol for the induction of acute ulcer. A supply of 15% ethanol dissolved in distilled water for 7 days were followed to maintain chronic gastric ulcer. Acute ulcer group was sacrificed at 3 hours after oral administration of 1 mL of 70% ethanol. Chronic groups were divided into three groups according to vitamin E levels; low-vitamin E (LVE, 0 mg/mL oil/day), normalvitamin E (NVE, 1 mg/mL oil/day) and high-vitamin E (HVE, 10 mg/mL oil/day). These groups were fed vitamin E free diets which were made of vitamin E free vitamin mix followed AIN-93M pattern for 7 days. Histological findings of congestion, hemorrhage and necrosis in gastric tissue were shown severely in acute ulcer group and LVE group of chronic ulcer groups. The concentration of gastrin in serum was significantly higher in LVE group. The content of histamine in stomach was lower in acute ulcer group but there was no significant difference among the chronic groups regardless of vitamin E levels. Content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in gastric tissue was higher in HVE group and activities of antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase, were lower in HVE group. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities as a marker of neutrophils infiltration was significantly higher in LVE group. These results suggested that vitamin E supplementation has positive effects on healing of alcohol-induced chronic gastric ulcer through alleviation of gastric tissue injuries and reduction of the MPO activity in gastric tissue and gastrin in serum.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.641-647
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• 2014

In this study, we evaluated the effect of Capsosiphon fulvescens extract (CFE) and its active compound, pheophorbide A (PhA), on diabetic kidney failure. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg body weight (BW)). After a week, the rats were orally administered CFE (4 and 20 mg/kg BW) or PhA (0.2 mg/kg BW) once a day for 9 weeks. After scarification, renal tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histochemical analyses. Our study showed that the treatment with CFE and PhA significantly decreased lipid peroxidation level and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase (p<0.05), but it increased glutathione level and the activities of glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the renal tissues (p<0.05). The CFE- and PhA-treated rats with DM showed improved histochemical appearance and decreased abnormal glycogen accumulation. Therefore, we suggest that PhA-containing CFE could exert renal protective effects against STZ-induced oxidative stress.