• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.188-192
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• 2000

To obtain basic information for the quality evaluation, the introduced or domestic sesame seeds were investigated to measure proximate components (crude protein, ash, mineral and oil) and isolated by preparative HPLC system for lignan contents. Although crude protein contents were the highest in Sudan sesame seeds, lipid, ash and mineral contents were not significantly(p<0.05) different between introduced and domestric sesame seeds. Unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acids were the highest in the domestic sesame seeds. The Mg content of domestic sesame seeds also was larger than that of introduced sesame seeds. A Ca content of domestic sesame seeds, however, was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of China. Lignan contents, the most important component known as antioxidant, were significantly (p<0.05) higher in domestic sesame seeds than other sesame seeds tested. Our findings suggest that domestic sesame seed has the best quality in terms of the functional components.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.510-517
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• 2018

The study investigated the seasonal and regional changes in the food components of raw laver Pyropia sp.. Samples were obtained monthly from December 2017 to March 2018 at auction markets located in Gangseo-gu, Busan (Nakdong-raw laver), Seocheon-gun, Chungnam, Wando-gun, Jeonnam and Goheung-gun, Jeonnam. The general components, heavy metals and minerals, free amino acids, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activities of the samples were analyzed. No significant physicochemical changes in the moisture, crude lipid, and ash contents were observed in the raw lavers tested. However, the crude protein content of Nakdong-raw laver was the highest in December 2017 at $7.20{\pm}0.28%$ and the content was higher seasonally and regionally than those of the other raw lavers. In addition, the taurine, zinc, manganese and TPC contents of Nakdong-raw laver was higher seasonally and regionally than those of the other raw lavers. The ethanolic extract of Nakdong-raw laver also had higher antioxidant activity, including as DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid]) radical scavenging activity, although there was no significant correlation between TPC and the antioxidant activity. This study is the first analysis of seasonal and regional changes in the major food components of raw laver cultivated in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.527-535
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• 2021

Legumes have been important components of the human diet. They contain not only protein, starch, and dietary fiber, but also various phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. The importance of phenolic compounds to human health is well known due to their antioxidant activities. In this study, three legumes (adzuki beans, common beans, and black soybeans) frequently cultivated in Korea were evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate)), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant potential) assays. In addition, correlations between agricultural traits and antioxidant activities of these three legumes were analyzed. Antioxidant activities assessed by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays and TPC showed wide variations among legumes types and accessions. Among the three legumes, adzuki beans showed higher TPC and antioxidant activity than the other two legumes. In correlation analysis, seed size showed negative correlations with antioxidant activities and TPC. In principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis, each of the three legumes was clearly separate. Results of this study can be used as basic information for developing functional materials for each legume. They can also help us understand the overall antioxidant activity of the three legumes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.684-691
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity and changes in major functional components of fermented Gastrodia elata Blume. Fermented G. elata Blume powder by Phellinus linteus repeated thrice ($3^{rd}$ FGP) showed more DPPH radical scavenging activity than a non-fermented G. elata Blume powder (NFGP), and once fermented G. elata Blume powder ($1^{st}$ FGP) at a concentration of 500 and 1,000 ppm. Free radical scavenging activity of $3^{rd}$ FGP was similar to that of BHA at a dose of 1,000 ppm. Moreover, the ABTS radical scavenging activity of the $3^{rd}$ FGP increased compared to NFGP and $1^{st}$ FGP at a concentration of 31.25 ppm. Total polyphenols and flavonoid contents were increased as fermentation progressed. Ergothioneine content was increased more than 8 times in the $1^{st}$ FGP, 3 times in the $3^{rd}$ FGP, respectively than NFGP. In conclusion, this study indicated that the antioxidant activity and functional component contents of G. elata Blume were increased depending on the fermentation number.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.176-181
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• 2014

The antioxidant activities of 29 components isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia iwayomogi were evaluated in vitro and in cell culture. Among the tested compounds, 2, 6, 8, 10, 13, and 14 exhibited the greatest peroxyl radical-scavenging activities in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, and 2, 10, and 14 also showed significant reducing capacities. However, all compounds showed weak metal chelating activities. Their cellular antioxidant activities were evaluated in HepG2 cells. At $10{\mu}M$, compounds 6, 8, and 14 exhibited stronger protection against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress than compounds 2, 10, and 13. Moreover, Compounds 2 and 8 were more effective in protecting against $Cu^{2+}$-induced oxidative stress than compounds 6, 10, 13, and 14 at $10{\mu}M$. These results suggest that the phenolic compounds in A. iwayomogi have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2000

Effects of onion peel (OP) components (quercetin and rutin) in press ham on TBARS, pH, redness (a*) and flavor (panel test) were investigated during cold storage. TBARS in OP samples of high concentration was significantly (P〈0.05) lower than control during cold storage. This result suggests that OP components have an antioxidant activity in press ham. Also, redness of OP samples was significantly (P〈0.05) higher than control after three weeks of cold storage. Cured ham redness could be improved through lower pH of OP samples compared to that of control. However, flavor score of OP samples was not significantly (P〉0.05) different with control during cold storage. It could be possible that OP components plays role as an antioxidant without any negative effects on plavor of press ham.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 1994

An antioxidant activity of Gardenia Fruit (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) which has been used for food coloring was studied. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring lipid peroxide produced when a mouse liver homogenate was exposed to the air at $37^{\circ}C$, using 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Both water and methanol extracts of Gardenia Fruit showed the antioxidant activity. On solvent fractionation, the antioxidant activity was removed into the ethyl acetate and butanol soluble fractions. And the final water soluble fraction also showed the antioxidant activity in the low concentration, but it promoted the lipid peroxidation in the high concentration. Two compounds (I and II) having the antioxidant activity were isolated from the butanol fraction, and compound I also occurred in the ethyl acetate fraction. The antioxidant activity of compound II was more potent than that of I. By analyzing data for UV, IR and $^1H-NMR$, compounds I and II were identified as geniposide and crocin, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 1997

The antioxidant activity of Artemisia iwayomogi was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The methanol extract of A. iwayomogi showed strong antioxidant activity, and thus fractionated with several solvents. The antioxidant activity potential of the individual fraction was in the order of ethyl acetate > n-butanol > water > chloroform > n-hexane fraction. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble fractions exhibiting strong antioxidant activity were further purified by repeated sitica get and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Antioxidant chlorogenic acid was isolated as one of the active principles from the n-butanol fraction, together with the inactive components, 1octacosanol, scopoletin, scopolin, apigenin $7, 4^{I}$-di-O-methylether, luteolin $6, 3^{I}$-di-O-methylether (jaceosidin), apigenin methylether (genkwanin), 2, 4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyacetophenone $4-O-{\beta}-$D-glucopyranoside and quebrachitol. The antioxidant activity of chlorogenic acid was comparable to that of L-ascorbic acid, which is a well known antioxidant.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

Many studies on broccoli have analyzed the functional components and their functionality in terms of antioxidant and anticancer activities; however, these studies have focused on the florets of different varieties. Investigation of the functionality of broccoli by-products such as leaves, stems, and leaf stems from different cultivars and harvest dates might be valuable for utilizing waste materials as useful food components. Total phenolics and sulforaphane contents, and antioxidant and anticancer activities were measured in the leaves, leaf stems, and stems of early-maturing (Kyoyoshi), middle-maturing (Myeongil 96), and late-maturing broccoli (SK3-085) at different harvest dates. Total phenolics in the leaves of Kyoyoshi were about 1.8-fold to 12.1-fold higher than those in all of the other cultivars and parts. The sulforaphane content of Kyoyoshi was 2.8-fold higher in the stems than in the florets. Antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity were highest in Kyoyoshi, followed by Myeongil 96 and SK3-085, most notably in the leaves harvested at the immature stage. Inhibition activity of cell growth against the NCI-H1299 cell lines was highest in the leaves of all cultivars in decreasing order of florets, leaf stems, and stems. The leaves harvested in October (nonflowering stage) had the highest inhibition activity, while those harvested in January (mature broccoli) showed the lowest. The results of this study demonstrate that broccoli leaves and stems contain high levels of total phenolics, and high antioxidant and anticancer activities and can provide opportunities for early-maturing broccoli as functional fresh raw vegetables.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.235-246
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• 2023

Yellowball (Citrus hybrid cv. Yellowball ) is a new citrus hybrid between Haruka (C. tamurana × natsudaidai ) and Kiyomi (C. unshiu × sinensis) and is known to possess strong antioxidant activity. However, detailed information on the antioxidant components of its peel has not yet been reported. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of the peel and identified the antioxidant components by fractionating a methanolic extract of Yellowball peels using liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane, ethyl ether (ether), ethyl acetate (EA), butanol, and water. The phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of the n-hexane, ether, and EA fractions were higher than those of the other fractions, and these fractions were further separated by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Four antioxidant peaks, EA1, EA2, EA3, and He1, were isolated and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time- of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS). Sinapoyl glucoside and hesperidin were identified in EA2 and EA3, respectively, and a polymethoxylated flavone (PMF) complex (5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, natsudaidain, tetrameth- oxyflavone, and tangeretin) was identified in He1. A compound in EA1 with m/z 223.0246 [M-H] could not be identified and was named unknown2. The antioxidant activity of unknown2 (IC₅₀=69.17 ㎍/mL) was similar to that of Trolox, which was noted as a major antioxidant in Yellowball peel. Further studies on the antioxidant capacity of Yellowball peel are required; however, these results provide a foundation for using Yellowball peel as an antioxidant.