• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.157-161
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• 2006

The alcoholic extract of Momordica dioica roots significantly reduced $CCl_4$ induced hepatotoxicity in rats upon oral administration (200 mg/kg), as judged from the serum enzyme levels [serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transminases (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]. These results were comparable with sylimarin (1.25 mg/kg, p.o.). The alcoholic extract inhibited the formation of oxyten derived free radicals (ODFR) in vitro with $4000\;{\mu}g/ml$ ascorbic system. The alcoholic extract also significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema when administered orally (200 mg/kg) and the activity was comparable with ibuprofen(200 mg/kg, p.o.).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 1990

For evaluating the cytolytic effects on the mouse thymocytes, four typical antiinflammatory steroids (dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, prednisolone, hydrocortisone) were selected in this study. When steroids were treated to the mouse thymocytes in vitro cytolysis occurred with dose-dependent fashion and the activities were found to be paralle with the known local anti-inflammatory activities. In vivo thymus atrophogenic activities appeared by the treatment of topical and subcutaneous applications of the derivatives were also found to dose-dependent, but not coincided with the thymocyte cytolytic activities in vitro and local anti-inflammaatory activity in the case of triamcinolone acetonide. Triamicinolone acetonide induced potent thymocyte cytolysis in vitro, but showed less thymus atrophy.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.274-280
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• 2008

Platycosides are the saponins in Platycodi Radix and they have several beneficial effects such as antiinflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study was designed to determine the changes in the saponin composition in Platycodi Radix (platycosides) after being processed under steam and pressure and to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of their extracts. The change of the platycoside compositions was investigated after 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9h heat processing of Platycodi Radices by using HPLC coupled with an evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) system. After heat treatment ($125^{\circ}C$, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9 h), the contents of several platycosides such as platycoside E, platycodin $D_3$, platycodin D, polygalacin D, and platycodin A decreased as the processing time was longer. While the total contents of the saponins decreased, the contents of deapi-forms of deapiplatycoside E, deapi-platycodin $D_3$, and deapi-platycodin D increased relatively. These results indicate that the linkage between apiose and xylose located at C-28 is labile to heat and pressure. The LPS-induced iNOS inhibitory activities of the samples treated for 1 and 2 hours were enhanced and after then, the activities were reduced. These results suggested that heat treatment of the samples affect the content of the total saponins and the saponin content may be the important criteria representing the anti-inflammatory activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.73-88
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• 2010

Traditionally, the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc(L.E) has been used as efficacious therapy for inflammation, burns, frostbite and skin ailments (e.g eczema and psoriasis). It contains isohexenylnaphthoquinone derivatives (shikonin and its esters) and furylhydroquinones (shikonofurans) in lipophilic fractions and caffeic acid oligomers (rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid B) in polar fractions. Recently, new preparative isolation and analysis procedures of shikonin along with its oligomers from the extract of L. erythrorhizon by the combination of high-speed counter-current chromatography with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection have also been introduced. Although there have been many reports on the wound healing, antiinflammatory, and anticancer effects, the research on the effects of anti-atopic dermatitis of the root of L. erythrorhizon were relatively scarce. However, in recent years, new information gathered from research efforts, on the anti-atopic dermatitis properties of the extract or constituents of L. erythrorhizon has been accumulated. In this paper, the findings and advance on the in vitro and in vivo activities of L. erythrorhizon and its constituents especially focused on antiinflammatory and anti-atopic dermatitis effects are summarized. The phytochemical constituents of L. erythrorhizon or its tissue cultures are also presented. Although there are few to verify or refute its activity in human, one result of clinical study of the extract of L. erythrorhizon on the atopic dermatitis patients was introduced to assess the possibility of its clinical use. The reported mechanisms of action and in vivo pharmacological studies in different animal models for the various types of extracts or constituents of L. erythrorhizon are supportive of its therapeutic potential or dietary supplement, however, more evidence from clinically relevant models, as well as systemic studies on the active constituents or the various types of standardized extracts at the cellular and molecular level, are required.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 1990

To enhance the activity of ibuprofen, amides of ibuprofen, 1-piperazinyl-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionamide(Ibu-P.A.) and 1-(4-methylpiperazinyl)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionamide (Ibu-M.P.), were synthesized and the pharmaceutical properties and the pharmacological activities of the amides were studied. The lipid:water partition coefficients and pKa values were examined in vitro, and the antiinflammatory effect, analgesic effects, acute toxicity, and intestinal absorption were studied for the amides and compared with ibuprofen in vivo. The results are summarized as belows; 1) The lipid:water partition coefficients of Ibu-M.P. were higher than those of ibuprofen. 2) The calculated pKa values of ibuprofen and Ibu-M.P. were 5.49 and 8.66, respectively. 3) The antiinflammatory effects of ibuprofen, Ibu-P.A., and Ibu-M.P. were same intensity, but the duration of the effects of Ibu-P.A. and Ibu-M.P. were longer than that of ibuprofen. 4) The analgesic effect of Ibu-M.P. was more potent than those of ibuprofen and Ibu-P.A. in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. 5) The $LD_{50}$ was 495 mg/kg for ibuprofen, 187 mg/kg for Ibu-M.P., and over 1250 mg/kg for Ibu-P.A.. 6) The absorption rate constants(k) and half-life($t_{1/2}$) were 0.74($hr^{-1}$) and 0.94(hr) for ibuprofen, and 0.72 ($hr^{-1}$) and 0.96 (hr) respectively for Ibu-M.P..

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.360-367
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was evaluated physiological activity of processed sulfur with Cordyceps militaris mycelium that antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects. Proliferation of processed sulfur (PS) with Cordyceps militaris mycelium was increased in dose-dependent manner. In organic sulfur contents of Cordyceps militalis mycelium fortified processed sulfur, CM+PSH (CM+3000 ppm of PS) was significantly higher than other groups. However, CM+PSL (CM+1500 ppm of PS) was almost changed organic sulfur. Content of total polyphenol compounds was similarity to CM, CM+PSL and CM+PSH. The EDA (electron donating ability) and SOD-like activity was increased in dose-dependent manner and the activity of CM were significantly higher than CM+PSL and CM+PSH. We examined cytotoxicity, nitric oxide production of Raw 264.7 cell and inhibition of HT 1080 cell by MTT assay. CM, CM+PSL and CM+PSH do not have any toxic effects in macrophages (Raw 264.7). And CM+PSL and CM+PSH inhibited the production of nitrite in Raw 264.7 cells activated with LPS. The antitumor effects of processed sulfur with Cordyceps militaris mycelium on HT 1080 cell was indicated a significantly inhibition activity. These results suggested that processed sulfur with Cordyceps militaris mycelium have activities of antioxidant, antiinflammatory effects.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1984

Systematic pharmacological astudies on pipeline have revealed that this compound elicited diverse pharmacological activities; CNS depressant activity characterized by antagonism against electo shock seizure and by muscle relaxant activity in mice; antipyretic activity in tyyhoid vaccinated rabbits; analgesic activity as evaluated by tail-clip pressure and writhing syndrome in mice; antiinflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced edema in rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 1981

'Ssangwha-Tang,' which have known as a tonic and restorative preparation in Korean traditional medicines, was shown to have signification antiinflammatory activity in the edema-induced carrageenin inflammation of rats, and also indicated remarkable preventive effect to chronic arthritis model in rat induced by Freund's complete adjuvant method.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.209.3-209.3
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• 2003

Cordyceps species has been used as antiinflammatory, antitoxic, diuretic in folk remedies. Recent research has been reported the effect of anticancer, antidiabetic, antimutagenic, antilipid peroxidation. We examined the antidiabetic activity of cultivated Cordyceps pruinosa on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The blood glucose level was recovered by treatment with Cordyceps pruinosa ethanol extract. The contents of GPT, total cholesterol and xanthine oxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities of the cytosol were significantly decreased as compared to the diabetic group. (omitted)

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.95-101
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• 1999

The scavenging effects of two hyaroxycinnamic acids such as caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid on paraquat induced pulmonary toxicity were investigated. The results are summerized as follows: 1. In the 5-lipoxygenase assay, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid inhibited the enzyme activities whose inhibition concentration (IC$\_$50/) were 4.1 and 9.6 ${\mu}$M respectively. 2. To evaluate the antiinflammatory effects on mediator related to the mechanism of inflammation, ADP-induced platelet aggregation assay and histamine degranulation assay were used. Caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid inhibited on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and histamine release at a concentration dependent manners. 3. Arachidonic acid-induced ear edema were inhibited by administration of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. 4. Cytologicad analysis of branchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) which was the useful tool for detection of an inflammatory response in the lungs of animals intoxicated with chemicals were used. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in BALF, as well as the protein content and the LDH activity in BALF supernatant increased by intoxication of paraquat, but decreased by administration of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. Therefore, two hydroxyeinnamic acids tested were the useful candidates for scavenger and antiinflammatory agents on paraquat induced pulmonary toxicity.