• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.570-575
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• 2014

This study was conducted to compare the effects of two forms of radiation (electron and X-ray; generated by an electron beam accelerator) on the conformation and antigenic properties of hen's egg albumin, ovalbumin (OVA), which was used as a model protein. OVA solutions (2.0 mg/mL) were individually irradiated by electron beam or X-ray at the absorbed doses of 0 (control), 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 kGy. No differences between the two forms of radiation on the structural properties of OVA were shown by spectrometric and electrophoretic analyses. The turbidity of OVA solution increased and the main OVA bands on polyacrylamide gels disappeared after irradiation, regardless of the radiation source. In competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, OVA samples irradiated by electron beam or X-ray showed different immunological responses in reactions with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (immunoglobulin G) produced against non-irradiated OVA. The results indicate that electron beam irradiation and X-ray irradiation produced different patterns of structural changes to the OVA molecule.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.371-377
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• 1996

Bone graft has been used to repair one defect caused by disease and trauma, congenital and acquired deformities. Graft materials are autogenous bone, allogenic bone, xenogenic bone, synthetics. Autogenous bone graft is the most superior to other materials for immunologic reaction, compatibility to host tissue, and revascularization. However, autogenous bone graft is required for additional operation and the amount of taking is limited. Autografts are obtained at own expense and also limited in size, shape. In order to compensate these problems, allogenic bone graft has been used increasingly. But allogenic bone graft encounters immunologic complications. Therefore, it has been used after freezing, lyophilization, or demineralization. Allogenic bone processed by only lyophilization includes potential antigenic properties on its surface, therefore it is demineralized to deplete immunologic reaction. Demineralized bone releases BMP and helps the mesenchymal cells transform to the chondroblast to produce cartilage and bone. This reaction is called osteoinducation. Many authors have reported that mineralized lyophilized bone had less antigenicity clinically and favorable bony consideration with host bone. In our department from 1995 to now, we have used banked allogenic bone graft that has been prepared from Wonkwang Bone Bank in 5 cases and mineralized lyophilized bone graft in 2 cases to reconstruct the maxillofacial bone defect after tumor resection and cyst enucleation and cleft alveolus. We will report with literature review that the result is favorable functionally and esthetically.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2012

Botulinum toxins are the most potent toxins known to mankind. Botulinum toxin acts by blocking the cholinergic neuromuscular or the cholinergic autonomic innervation of exocrine glands and smooth muscles. Seven distinct antigenic botulinum toxins (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) produced by different strains of Clostridium botulinum have been described and only A and B type of botulinum toxins were clinically used. Toxins were consisted of a heavy chain with a molecular weight of 100 kD and a light chain with a molecular weight of 50 kD. Toxins are bound with an astounding selectivity to glycoprotein structures located on the cholinergic nerve terminal. Subsequently light chain of toxin is internalized and cleaves different proteins of the acetylcholine transport protein cascade transporting the acetylcholine vesicle from the intracellular space into the synaptic cleft. After a decade of therapeutic application of the toxin, no anaphylaxis or deaths have been reported and systemic adverse effects have not been reported so far. However the toxin's immunologic properties can lead to the stimulation of antibody production, potentially rendering further treatments ineffective. Botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment. Use of botulinum toxin in clinical medicine has grown exponentially in recent years, and many parts of the human body are now being targeted for therapeutic purposes.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2007

Pasteurella multocida is one of the important animal pathogen causing widespread infections in various domestic animals. In swine, it causes severe respiratory diseases such as atrophic rhinitis and pneumonic pasteurellosis. To develop the efficient subunit vaccine against swine atrophic rhinitis, we investigated protective antibodies and humoral immunity of outer membrane protein H (OmpH) which is one of the major outer membrane proteins in P. multocida. Outer membrane fraction of P. multocida was immunologically detectable using antisera from both mice groups vaccinated by formalin-killed whole cells and by commercial vaccine. The expression vector for production of recombinant OmpH was constructed and the recombinant OmpH was expressed and purified from E. coli. Recombinant OmpH showed high antigenic and immunogenic properties in mice vaccination and ELISA with antisera.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.797-805
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• 1999

T sergenti cDNA library were constructed to get a more broad information about the structural, functional or antigenic properties of the proteins, and analyzes for their partial cDNA sequences and expression sequences tags(ESTg). The mRNA were purified from T sergenti isolates to identify the information of antigen gene, then first and second strand cDNA was synthesized. EcoR I adaptor ligation and Xho I enzyme restriction were used to the synthesized cDNA, and ligated into a Uni-ZAP XR vector. T sergenti cDNA library was constructed with packaging and amplification in vitro. Antibody screening was performed with constructed T sergenti cDNA library using antisera against T sergenti. Among those clones, eight phagemids were rescued from the recombinant in vivo excision with f1 helper phage. Using the analysis of endonuclease restriction and PCR, the recombinant cDNA were proved having a 0.5-3.0kb of inserts. The eight of partial cDNA clones' sequences were obtained and examined for their homology using BLASTN and BLASTX. The eight of sequenced clones were classified into three groups according to the basis of database searches. A total 3,045bp of partial cDNA sequence were determined from six clones. The putatively identified clones contain a cytochrome c gene, a heat shock protein gene, a cyclophilin gene, and a ribosomal protein gene. The unidentified clones have a homology to ATP-binding protein(mtrA) gene of S argillaceus, DNA-binding protein(DBP) gene of Pseudorabies virus 85kDa merozoite protein gene of B bovis, mRNA spm1 protein of T annulata and glycine-rich RNA-binding protein mRNA of O sativa etc.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.255-263
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• 1992

SKI 2053R and SKI 2053R-human serum albumin(HSA) mixture were examined for their antigenicity in Hartley guinea pigs as well as C57BL/6 mice in comparison with distilled water (DW), HSA and DW-HSA conjugate. Several antigenicity tests, including acitive systemic anaphylaxis(ASA), passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and indirect hamagglutination test (IHA), were performed according to the Established Regulations of National Institute of Safety Research. The results were as follows: 1. When guinea pigs were sensitized with SKI2053R or SKI2053R-HSA emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA), these animals showed negative reactions in ASA and PSA. 2.No blue spot was observed on the back skin of guinea pigs in the PCA test. 3. Sera from guinea pigs revealed a negative reaction in IHA. 4.Guinea pigs were sensitized by HSA emulsified with CFA as a positive control, and these animals showed positive reactions in ASA, PSA, PCA, and IHA. As shown above, SKI2053R was considered to possess neither antigenic, nor haptenic properties, and confirmed not to have the haemagglutinating activity.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.132-145
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• 2024

Purpose: Enterovirus 71, a pathogen that causes hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is currently regarded as an increasing neurotropic virus in Asia and can cause severe complications in pediatric patients with blister-like sores or rashes on the hand, feet, and mouth. Notwithstanding the significant burden of the disease, no authorized vaccine is available. Previously identified attenuated and inactivated vaccines are worthless over time owing to changes in the viral genome. Materials and Methods: A novel vaccine construct using B-cell derived T-cell epitopes from the virulent polyprotein found the induction of possible immune response. In order to boost the immune system, a beta-defensin 1 preproprotein adjuvant with EAAAK linker was added at the N-terminal end of the vaccine sequence. Results: The immunogenicity of the designed, refined, and verified prospective three-dimensional-structure of the multi-epitope vaccine was found to be quite high, exhibiting non-allergenic and antigenic properties. The vaccine candidates bound to toll-like receptor 3 in a molecular docking analysis, and the efficacy of the potential vaccine to generate a strong immune response was assessed through in silico immunological simulation. Conclusion: Computational analysis has shown that the proposed multi-epitope vaccine is possibly safe for use in humans and can elicit an immune response.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 1978

A series of experiments over three years was planned for practical application of rhizobia in farms and grass lands in Korea. This is the report for the studies of the first year mainly on the isolation and characterization of rhizobial strains, and on the assessment of their nodulation abilities and nitrogen fixation capacities. 1. Total number of 88 strains for soybean group and 22 st ra ins for pea and vetch group was isolated from nodules which were taken from legumes grown in Daekwanyong, Cheju and various places in Korea. 2. Morphological and cultural characteristics of the strains were studied, and attempts were also made to investigate their antigenic properties and to demonstrate lysogenic strains in these groups. The results were : i) the isolates varied in cultural characteristics on yeast mannitol broth and agar, and in degree of congo reel absorption ; ii) similarities in their antigenic properties were found between/among the strains: G-3/G-9/D216, G-20/G-52 in soybean group; iii) no lysogeny was found in the strains of these groups. 3. Plant infection tests by test tube and bottle method in light room were carried out to elucidate the ability of the strains to nodulate specific legumes and of the capacity of such nodules to fix atmospheric nitrogen. The isolates were grouped into non- invasive, ineffective, or effective to the legumes. Those strains which produced effective nodules, supporting similar level of growth as nitrate control, were: P-3, 4 and 8 in pea and vetch group; G-23, 27, and, D-216 in soybean group.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.255-261
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• 2003

The antigenicity of nonspecific immunostimulator BARODON$^{(R)}$, a newly developed drug, was investigated by tests for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in mice and guinea pigs. In ASA test using guinea pigs, there were no significant clinical symptoms in all individuals of low(0.3%) and high(3%) dose of both groups treated with only BARODON$^{(R)}$ and cotreated with BARODON$^{(R)}$ and adjuvant group. In PCA test, blue spots of Evan's were observed from $2^6$ to $2^{10}$ in homologous group and from $2^2{\sim}2^5$ dilution rate in heterologous group of BSA treated positive control group. However, intradermal sensitization with antiserum obtained from low (0.3%) and high (3%) dose of BARODON$^{(R)}$ only treatment group and treated-with-adjuvant group, followed by intravenous injection of respective antigen and Evan's blue mixture (1:1) showed no blue spot observed. In conclusion, BARODON$^{(R)}$, as showed in ASA and PCA test, did not cause anaphylatic shock when treated 3 and 10 times higher than clinically intended dose, nor induce IgE, so that might not have antigenic properties in mice and guinea pigs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.401-408
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• 1987

Nine monoclonal antibodies directed against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) were prepared by using cell hybridization technique, and the biological properties of the antibodies were investigated by means of immunofluorescence, serum neutralization, and electrophoretic analysis. Eight of 9 monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically with the antigenic constituents of IBRV, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Marek's disease virus, turkey herpesvirus, hog cholera virus, porcine parvovirus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. However, the remaining one, 26-2 clone, was found to be cross-reactive with pseudorabies virus. Two monoclonal antibodies, 7-C-2 and 12-A-2, which had neutralizing activity, were reactive with the molecular weights of 72 kilo daltons (72K) and 125K of IBRV proteins electrophoretically separated, respectively. The monoclonal antibody, 3-H-3, which is corresponding to 94K of IBRV proteins, revealed no neutralizing activity. The cross-reactive monoclonal antibody, 26-2, was proved by electrophoretical analysis to be reactive with 100K of IBRV proteins and 40K of pseudorabies virus.