• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 2004

The antifungal activities of the essential oil from Agastache rugosa and its main component, estragole, combined with ketoconazole, one of the azole antibiotics commonly used to treat infections caused by Trichophyton species, were evaluated in this study. The combined effects were measured by the checkerboard microtiter and the disk diffusion tests, against T. erinacei, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. schoenleinii and T. soudanense. Susceptibility of the five Trichophyton species to the oil alone, or ketoconazole alone, differed distinctly. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of ketoconazole combined with estragole or A. rugosa essential oil, against the tested Trichophyton species, were between 0.05 and 0.27, indicating synergistic effects. These drug combinations exhibited the most significant synergism against T. mentagrophytes, with FICIs of 0.05 and 0.09 for estragole and the essential oil fraction from A. rugosa, respectively. Isobolograms based on the data from checkerboard titer tests also indicated significant synergism between ketoconazole and the Agastache oil fraction or estragole, against the Trichophyton species evaluated. Trichophyton susceptibility to ketoconazole was significantly improved by combination with the Agastache rugosa oil fraction or its main component, estragole.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 2007

To determine whether the essential oil from Coriandum sativum and its main component, linalool, exhibit antifungal activity, we employed a broth dilution assay and disk diffusion test using common pathogenic Candida and Trichophyton species. Both coriander oil and linalool significantly inhibited growth of the tested fungi, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of $0.03{\sim}2mg/ml$. Furthermore, in a checkerboard titer test, both the oil fraction and linalool exhibited synergism when combined with ketoconazole, with resultant FICIs ranging from 0.06 to 0.53. Notably, hyphal formation in C. albicans cells was obviously inhibited by C. sativum essential oil in this experiment.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

Molds cause severe cheese deterioration, even though some white and blue molds are used for the manufacture of Camembert and Blue cheese, respectively. The species of Geotrichum, Moniliella, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Fusarium, Phoma, and Cladosporium are the main fungi that affect contamination during cheese ripening. Once deteriorated by fungal spoilage, cheese becomes toxic and inedible. Fungal deterioration of cheese decreases the nutritional value, flavor profiles, physicochemical and organoleptic properties, and increases toxicity and infectious disease. Fungal contamination during cheese ripening is highly damaging to cheese production in Korean farmstead milk processing companies. Therefore, these companies hesitate to develop natural and ripened cheese varieties. This article discusses the recent and ongoing developments in the removal techniques of fungal contamination during cheese ripening. There are 2 categories of antifungal agents: chemical and natural. Major chemical agents are preservatives (propionic acid, sodium propionate, and calcium propionate) and ethanol. Among the natural agents, grapefruit seed extract, phytoncide, essential oils, and garlic have been investigated as natural antifungal agents. Additionally, some studies have shown that antibiotics such as natamycin and Delvocid$^{(R)}$, have antifungal activities for cheese contaminated with fungi. Microbial resources such as probiotic lactic acid bacteria, Propionibacterium, lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi, and bacteriocin are well known as antifungal agents. In addition, ozonization treatment has been reported to inhibit the growth activity of cheese-contaminating fungi.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.273-277
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• 2010

Undecylprodiginine and streptorubin B are red-pigmented antibiotics produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). In this study, we investigated the correlation between productivity of these red-pigmented antibiotics and stress of pH shock. Biosynthesis of these red-pigmented antibiotics is enhanced at acidic pH shock on solid R2YE medium. The optimal pH shock is pH 4 which led to 1.6 fold and two-fold increase in the production of undecylprodiginine and streptorubin B as compared with control, respectively. In addition, the extract of pH 4 shocked cells exhibited a remarkable activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. However, neutral and basic pH shock did not give raise to promote a production of these red-pigmented antibiotics as well as antifungal activity. Thus, although the acidic pH shock is simple and easy method, it should be extremely effective approach to enhance a productivity of these red-pigmented antibiotics and other secondary metabolites.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.108-114
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• 1981

In order to isolate microorganisms which produce antibiotics aganist wheat black rust, some bacteria, molds, and actinomycetes were isolated from soils and screened for the production of antibiptics against wheat black rust. Beacuse wheat black rust-puccinia graminis--is a complete parsitic mold which can't grow in artifical medium, new method for the screening of antibiotic producing microorgsnisms against wheat black rust developed by using live leaves of wheat. With new method, a strain No. $480HS_{20}$ which produces a substnace having strong and Puccinia graminis activity and very narrow antimicrobial spectrum was isolated. the substance produced by the strain No.$480HS_{20}$ had better anti Puccinia graminis activity than any other known antifungal antibotics such as kasurgamycin, balasticidins, actidione, antimycin, ologomycin. And the substance was observed to be very stable at heat and ultraviolet light. The strain was indentified as Bacillus subtilis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.204-208
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• 2002

A Streptomyces sp. isolated from a soil sample collected in Taejeon, Korea has previously been found to produce two new polyene antibiotics. The two new antibiotics were named "16-methyloxazolomycin (antibacterial)" and "tetrin C (antifungal)", and their chemical structures are presented elsewhere [10, 11]. In the current study, chemotaxonomy, numerical taxonomy, and ISP methods were all employed for the taxonomic study. The spore chains were spirales and the spore surface was smooth. The spore mass was a gray series and no melanin pigment was produced. On the basis of the morphological and physiological properties, the microorganism was identified to be Streptomyces erumpens, belonging to the gray series of category IV, as defined by Bergey′s Manual. Tetrin C at the concentration of 20 ${\mu}g$/ml demonstrated a potent in vivo (pot test) preventive effect against rice blast, rice sheath blight, cucumber gray mold, wheat powdery mildew, and barley leaf rust.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2018

Oak mushroom (Lentinus edodes) is cultivated by using oak logs and sawdust medium. Green mold (Trichoderma) infection on these media severely suppresses the growth of oak mushroom. Usages of antibiotics and chemicals are not generally allowed to control of green mold since the mushroom is a fresh food. Tolaasin and its analogues, peptide toxins secreted by Pseudomonas tolaasii, have the antifungal activity and they have been successful to control the green mold disease. When the green mold, Trichoderma harzianum H1, was cultured in the presence of these toxins, the growth of fungus was effectively suppressed. In sawdust media, when the bacterial culture supernatants were sprayed on the aerial hyphae of green molds, the fungal growth was completely suppressed. Particularly, the antifungal activity was greatly increased by the combined culture extracts of P. tolaasii 6264 and HK11 strains. Therefore, these bacterial strains and their peptide toxins were able to suppress the growth of green molds and these can be good candidates to prevent from Trichoderma disease in oak mushroom cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.4 s.83
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• pp.354-361
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• 1997

The antifungal activities of 153 extracts from 51 species of Korean mushroom on six phytopathogenic fungi were investigated. The powder of fruit-body of each mushroom was extracted with petroleum ether, 80% ethanol and distilled water. The water extracts of four mushrooms including Amanita virosa showed antifungal activities on Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum graminicola, Fusarium solani, Idriella bolleyie. The 80% ethanol extracts of seven mushrooms including Boletus auripes showed antibiotic activities against A. alternata, C. gramincola, Cylindrocarpon destructans, F. solani, F. oxysporum cucumerinum, and I. bolleyie. The petroleum ether extracts of six mushrooms including Amanita citrina showed antibiotic activities against A. alternata, C. destructans, and C. graminicola. The 102 extracts of 34 mushrooms including Agaricus arvensis didn't show antibiotic activities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.604-617
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• 2003

Candida albicans is one of the most common etiological agents in fungi-associated skin infections. There is an increase of candidiosis especially in the patient of acquired or induced immunodeficiency syndromes or in the event of long-term antibiotics and immuno-suppressor or cytotoxic therapies. To screen out reliable and effective anti-candidiosis agent, in this study, we have evaluated antifungal activity of 298 plant extracts against C. albicans. Based on the results of disc-paper method and determination of minimal inhibitory concentration, fifteen extracts were finally selected as possible sources of anti-candidiosis agent. Especially, six different plant extracts, such as Rubus parvifolius, Euphorbia pekinensis, Coptis chinensis, Eugenia aromaticum, Paeonia lactiflora var. hortensis and Paeonia suffruticosa showed strong antifungal activity against C. albicans, not to S. cerevisiae. These results suggested that medicinal and wild plants could be the potential source of antifungal agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.256-263
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• 2012

A strain of bacterium producing antifungal antibiotic was isolated and identification of the strain was attempted. We could identify the bacterium as being a Bacillus sp., based on morphological observation, physiological characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, thus leading us to designate the strain as Bacillus sp. AH-E-1. The strain showed potent antibiotic activity against phytopathogenic and human pathogenic fungi by inducing mycelial distortion and swelling and inhibiting spore germination. The antibiotic metabolite produced by the strain demonstrated excellent thermal and pH (2-11) stability, but was labile to autoclaving. From these results, we could find a broader antifungal activity of Bacillus genus. Isolation and characterization of the active agent produced by the strain are under progress.