• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2301-2305
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• 2013

Ardisia crispa (Family: Myrsinaceae) is an evergreen, fruiting shrub that has been traditionally used as folklore medicine. Despite a scarcity of research publications, we have succeeded in showing suppressive effects on murine skin papillomagenesis. In extension, the present research was aimed at determining the effect of a quinone-rich fraction (QRF) isolated from the same root hexane extract on both initiation and promotion stages of carcinogenesis, at the selected dose of 30 mg/kg. Mice (groups I-IV) were initiated with a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(${\alpha}$)anthracene (DMBA, $100{\mu}g/100{\mu}l$) followed by repeated promotion of croton oil (1%) twice weekly for 20 weeks. In addition, group I (anti-initiation) received QRF 7 days before and after DMBA; group II (anti-promotion) received QRF 30 minutes before each croton oil application; group III (anti-initiation/promotion) was treated with QRF as a combination of group I and II. A further two groups served as vehicle control (group V) and treated control (group VI). As carcinogen control, group IV showed the highest tumor volume ($8.79{\pm}5.44$) and tumor burden ($3.60{\pm}1.17$). Comparatively, group III revealed only 20% of tumor incidence, tumor burden ($3.00{\pm}1.00$) and tumor volume ($2.40{\pm}1.12$), which were significantly different from group IV. Group II also showed significant reduction of tumor volume (3.11), tumor burden (3.00) and tumor incidence (11.11%), along with prominent increase of latency period of tumor formation (week 12). Group I, nonetheless, demonstrated marked increment of tumor incidence by 40% with prompted latency period of tumor formation (week 7). No tumor formation was observed in groups V and VI. This study provided clear evidence of inhibitory effects of QRF during promotion period which was in agreement with our previous findings. The mechanism(s) underlying such effects have yet to be elucidated.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.557-563
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• 2011

본 연구는 길경 사포닌 추출물(PGS)를 이용하여 대식세포의 면역조절능력을 평가하였으며, 탐식작용, 항암작용, 항염증 작용에 모두 유의적인 효과를 나타내었다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 농도의존적으로 매우 유의적이게 나타난 PGS의 항암작용 기전을 측정하기 위하여 암세포 독성 물질로 알려진 NO 분비량을 측정하였으며, PGS에 의해 NO의 생성을 증가함을 확인하였다. 또한, PGS가 NO 생성 억제제 NIL을 함께 처리하였을 때 항암효과가 나타나지 않게 됨을 재확인함으로써, PGS 10 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 나타낸 대식세포의 항암효과는 일부 NO 생성 및 분비에 의한 작용 기전임을 보여주었다. PGS의 면역조절작용 중 항염증효과 실험에서는 PGS가 염증환경에서 과도하게 분비된 NO를 다소 억제하는 경향을 보였으나, 항염증조절에서 대표적인 물질로 알려진 TNF-${\alpha}$ 조절에는 효과를 나타내지 않았다. PGS가 염증환경에서의 TNF-${\alpha}$억제조절에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 TNF-${\alpha}$는 항암물질로도 알려져 있으므로 향후 PGS의 항암효과에 대한 연구에서 TNF-${\alpha}$의 생성에 관한 연구는 NO를 매개하는 항암 효과 외에 다른 기전을 설명해줄 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과들은 PGS가 항암요법의 보조제 및 면역보조제로써의 활용에 개발 가능성이 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

In review of "invigorating spleen and supplementing qi" of clinical and experimental studies on malignant tumor, we obtained the conclusions as follows 1. Asthenic splenic qi is an important factor in mutation, occurrence and development of tumor. 2. The anti-tumor mechanism of "invigorating spleen and supplementing qi" is improvement of immune suveillance, controling cell proliferating period and enhancing body metabolism. 3. "Invigorating spleen and supplementing qi" is often used with "nourishing kidney" or "expelling pathogen" for treating cnacer. 4. In experimental studies, "invigorating spleen and supplementing qi" has effects on inhibiting occurrence and development of tumor, protecting mutation, inhibiting recurrence and metastasis, immune activity, enhancing metabolism, promoting bone marrow hemopoietic cell proliferation, increasing anti-tumor effect and protecting normal cells. 5. In clinical studies, "invigorating spleen and supplementing qi" has effects on prolonging the survival period of cancer patients, improving clinical symptoms and quality of life of cancer patients, degrading the side effects of western therapie(operation, chemotherapy and radiotherapy). 6. "Invigorating spleen and supplementing qi" is an extensive discipline of syndrome differentiation used to inhibit occurence, development, recurrence and metastasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1649-1654
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• 2016

Tea derived from the leaves and buds of Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) is consumed worldwide. Green tea contains various components with specific health-promoting effects, and is believed to exert protective effects against diseases including cancer, diabetes and hepatitis, as well as obesity. Of the various tea components, the polyphenol catechins have been the subject of extensive investigation and among the catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate has the strongest bioactivity in most cases. Our research group has postulated that hepatocyte nuclear factor-$4{\alpha}$, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ are targets of green tea constituents including (-)-epigallocatechin gallate for their anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, and anti-hepatitis effects, respectively. Published papers were reviewed to determine whether the observed changes in these factors can be correlated with anti-cancer effects of green tea. Two major action mechanisms of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate have been proposed; one associated with its anti-oxidative properties and the other with its pro-oxidative activity. When reactive oxygen species are assumed to be involved, our findings that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate downregulated hepatocyte nuclear factor-$4{\alpha}$, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ may explain the anti-cancer effect of green tea as well. However, further studies are required to elucidate which determinant directs (-)-epigallocatechin gallate action as an anti-oxidant or a pro-oxidant for favorable activity.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the anti-tumor metastasis by immunomodulating effects of extracts of Prunellae Spica. Methods: Antimetastatic experiment was conducted in vivo by using colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma. And we observed cytotoxicity of Prunellae Spica on colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma, L5178Y-R lymphoma cell, hela cell and macrophage. To observe the immnomodulating effects of Prunellae Spica, we estimated IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-${\alpha}$ from peritoneal macrophages. And we evaluated the activation of NK cell by using anti-asialo-GM1 serum. Results: We found that the administration of Prunellae Spica extracts significantly inhibited tumor metastasis in vivo. In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, cell growth are closer to 100% in case of colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma, L5178Y-R lymphoma cell, hela cell at low concentration. In case of macrophage, cell proliferation is closer to 100% less than $62.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Prunellae Spica extracts. The level of cytokine such as IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 which stimulates Prunellae Spica extracts was increased in dose-dependent manner compared to the control group. TNF-${\alpha}$ is hardly secreted less than $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ The depletion of NK cells by anti-asialo GM1 serum partly abolished the inhibitory effect of Prunellae Spica on tumor metastasis. Conclusion: Prunellae Spica appears to have considerable activity on the anti-metastasis by activation the immune system such as macrophage and NK cell.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2004

Saussurea lappa and Taraxacum mongolicum have been used for herbal medicinal treatments against cancers in East Asia. We performed this study to understand the molecular basis underlying the anti-tumor effects of two herbs and analyzed the effects of these medicinal herbs on proliferation and on expression of cell growth/apoptosis related molecules by using an AGS gastric cancer cell line. The treatments of Saussurea lappa dramatically reduced cell viabilities in a dose and time-dependent manner, but Taraxacum mongolicum did not. FACS analysis and Annexin V staining assay also showed that Saussurea lappa induces apoptotic cell death of AGS. Expression analyses via RT-PCR and Western blots revealed that Saussurea lappa increased expression of the p53 and its downstream effector p21/sup Waf1/, and that the both increased expression of apoptosis related Bax and cleavage of active caspase-3 protein. We also confirmed the translocation of Bax to mitochondria Collectively, our data demonstrate that Saussurea lappa induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells, and these effects are correlated with down- and up-regulation of growth-regulating apoptotic and tumor suppressor genes, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.9039-9043
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• 2014

There is a continuing need for innovative alternative therapies for liver cancer. DNA vaccines for hormone/growth factor immune deprivation represent a feasible and attractive approach for cancer treatment. We reported a preventive effect of a DNA vaccine based on six copies of the B cell epitope GRP18-27 with optimized adjuvants against H22 hepatocarcinoma. Vaccination with pCR3.1-VS-HSP65-TP-GRP6-M2 (vaccine) elicited much higher level of anti-GRP antibodies and proved efficacious in preventing growth of transplanted hepatocarcinoma cells. The tumor size and weight were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the vaccine subgroup than in the control pCR3.1-VS-TP-HSP65-TP-GRP6, pCR3.1-VS-TP-HSP65-TP-M2 or saline subgroups. In addition, significant reduction of tumor-induced angiogenesis associated with intradermal tumors of H22 cells was observed. These potent effects may open ways towards the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of liver cancer.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.171-174
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• 2010

The anti-tumorigenic effects of Toxoplasma gondii (RH) antigens were studied in a murine sarcoma-180 tumor model. To determine the anti-tumor effects, the reduction in tumor size and expression of CD31 (an angiogenesis marker in the tumor tissue) were examined after injection of BALB/c mice with T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA) or formalin-fixed, proliferation-inhibited, T. gondii tachyzoites. Tumors were successfully produced by an intradermal injection of sarcoma-180 cells with plain Matrigel in the mid-backs of mice. After injection with TLA or formalin-fixed T. gondii tachyzoites, the increase in tumor size and weight nearly stopped while tumor growth continued in control mice that were injected with PBS. CD31 expression in TLA-treated or formalin-fixed T. gondii-injected mice was lower than the control mice. Accordingly, the present study shows that the treatment of mice with formalin-fixed T. gondii or TLA in the murine sarcoma-180 tumor model results in a decrease of both tumor size and CD31 expression.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2022

We have previously reported that genetically modified tumor cells with 4-1BBL have anti-cancer effects in a CT26 mouse colorectal tumor model. In this study, genetically modified tumor cells with 4-1BBL were evaluated for their potential as candidates for preventive and therapeutic cancer vaccine. To identify the effect of preventive and therapeutic vaccine of genetically modified tumor cells with 4-1BBL, tumor growth pattern of CT26-4-1BBL as a cancer vaccine was examined compared to CT26-beta-gal. In therapeutic vaccination, CT26-WT was inoculated into mice and then vaccinated mice with doxorubicin (Dox)-treated CT26-beta-gal and CT26-4-1BBL (single or three times). Triple vaccination with Dox-treated tumor cell inhibited tumor growth compared to single vaccination. Vaccination with CT26-4-1BBL showed an efficient tumor growth inhibition compared to vaccination with CT26-beta-gal. For preventive vaccination, Dox-treated CT26-beta-gal and CT26-4-1BBL was vaccinated into mice with three times and then administered mice with CT26-WT. Preventive vaccination with CT26-4-1BBL showed no tumor growth. Preventive vaccination with CT26-beta-gal also led to tumor-free mice. These results suggest that genetically modified tumor cells with 4-1BBL can be used as therapeutic or preventive cancer vaccine.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1843-1849
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• 2004

Conventional medicines have usually sorted to a number of treatments such asoperation, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The existing anti-cancer agents, designed to eradicate cancer cells, have strong toxicities, also with leading to harmful side effects. Recently, a number of researches on natural products have been actively carried out in efforts to develop new treatments that can decrease side effects or increase anti-cancer effects. We performed this study to understand the molecular basis underlying the antitumor effects of Pharbitis nil, and Plantago asiatica, which have been used for herbal medicinal treatments against cancers in East Asia. We analyzed the effects of these medicinal herbs on proliferation and on expression of cell growth/apoptosis related molecules, with using an AGS gastric cancer cell line. The treatment of Pharbitis nil dramatically reduced cell viabilities in a dose and time-dependent manner, but Plantago asiatica didn't. FACS analysis and Annexin V staining assay also showed that Pharbitis nil induce apoptotic cell death of AGS. Expression analyses via RT-PCR and Western blots revealed that Pharbitis nil didn't increase expression of the p53 and its downstream effector p21/sup wafl/, and that the both increased expression of apoptosis related Sax and cleavage of active caspase-3 protein. We also confirmed the translocation of Sax to mitochondria. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Pharbitis nilinduce growth inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells, and these effects are correlated with down- and up-regulation of growth-regulating apoptotic and tumor suppressor genes, respectively.