• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.28 no.1_2
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• pp.15-18
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• 2009

Background: Recent emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) or extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis(XDR-TB) has become important health care problems. It has also became grave issues for insurance industries in determining medical risks. We have therefore strived to analyze the comparative mortality rates for drug-resistant tuberculosis through utilization of results from previous articles. Methods: Comparative mortality was calculated from source articles using mortality analysis methods. Results: Mortality ratio of MDR-TB was estimate to 1200%, and excess death rate was 110 per 1,000. Comparative mortality between MDR-TB and XDR-TB by Korean $study^{(1)}$ were 1750, 382, 405, 443, 1025, and 357%, for each 10 months study intervals, respectively. Total mortality ratio was 594% and total excess death rate was 60 per 1,000person. It was determined that the risk of XDR-TB was much greater than MDR-TB. Discussion; Pending the development of a novel anti-tuberculosis drug, it would be prudent to steer clear insuring XDR-TB during underwriting phase due to high medical cost that it creates.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.236-242
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• 1996

Intracranial tuberculoma results from hematogenous spread of pulmonary, intestinal or urogenital tuberculosis. However, it might be caused by pulmonary tuberculosis, mainly. Clinically, symptoms of intracranial tuberculoma are headache and seizure, its symptoms are simillar to intracranial tumor. A 25-year-old-unmarried shopgirl was visited to this hospital because of headache, dizziness and visual disturbance for couple weeks in Sep. 1995. She had been treated with anti-tuberculosis agents of miliary tuberculosis during past nine months period. Brain MRI revealed intracranial tuberculoma and brain edema but not involved optic nerve. Ophthalmic examination revealed severe papilledema and splinter hemorrhage with bitemporal hemianopsis and central scotoma. This finding was strongly suggested of optic disc tuberculoma. Her symptoms became much better following repeated retrobulbar steroid injection with continuous anti-tuberculosis agents. We report a interesting case with intracranial tuberculoma and optic disc tuberculoma associated by miliary tuberculosis during anti-tuberculous treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.860-868
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Kamibokwontonggi-san(KBTS) which has been medicated the patient such as mastitis, mammary tuberculosis. KBTS in RAW264.7 cell inhibited IL-1 ${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA genes expression in a concentration-dependent manner. KBTS inhibited NO production significantly at 100, 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. KBTS inhibited IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production significantly in serum of acute anti-inflammation-induced mice and the survival rate at the 3rd day on LPS-induced lethal endotoxemia. These results suggest that Kamibokwonntonggi-san (KBTS) can be useful in treating a lot of women diseases caused by inflammation such as mastitis, mammary tuberculosis, pelvic inflammatory disease and pelvic tuberculosis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 2014

The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimycobacterial effects of hop plant, Humulus japonicus. Methanol extract of H. japonicus (MeOH extract) showed strong direct bactericidal effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. Furthermore, the MeOH extract significantly inhibited M. tuberculosis growth in human macrophages. When five fractions obtained from MeOH extract were examined using the same methods, the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed bactericidal effects against M. tuberculosis in vitro, whereas the butanol and water fractions inhibited M. tuberculosis growth in macrophages. Because H. japonicus extract exhibited antimycobacterial activity against both free M. tuberculosis in culture medium and intracellular M. tuberculosis in human macrophages, this plant might be a good candidate for development of a new anti-tuberculosis drug.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 2004

About 20% of intestinal tuberculosis have active pulmonary tuberculosis. Intestinal tuberculosis can develop by swallowing sputum which have active pulmonary tuberculosis and by ingestion of contagious milk. We report a case of intestinal tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis in a 15-year old aldelescent who could not cough out sputum because of known cerebral palsy. He was admitted because of 3 day history of fever and bloody stool. Chest PA showed both upper lobe consolidation. AFB stain and AFB PCR was positive for tuberculosis. Colon study showed abscence of haustral marking and lead pipe appearance due to stenosis of ascending colon and mucosal edema. Abdominal CT scan showed mild wall thickening in ascending colon. Despite the anti-tuberculosis therapy with first line drugs, fever accompanying pleural effusion developed. Second line drug with Isoniazid and Rifampin improved clinical manifestation. After the report on sensitivity, we readjusted the regimen, and clinical manifestations improved gradually.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.408-411
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• 2021

Tuberculosis (TB)-infected giant bullae are rare. A 55-year-old man was referred when an infected bulla did not respond to empirical treatment. Computed tomography showed a giant bulla in the right upper lobe with an air-fluid level and surrounding infiltrate. Sputum culture, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for TB were negative. Percutaneous drainage of the bullous fluid was performed. AFB stain and PCR were positive in the drained fluid. The patient was given anti-TB drugs and later underwent obliteration of the pulmonary cavity using talc. To summarize, we report a patient with a TB-infected giant bulla that was treated successfully with anti-TB drugs and obliteration of the pulmonary cavity using talc.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.79-90
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• 1996

The purpose of the study was to determine factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy. The study subjects were 104 tuberculosis patients who have received the initial treatment in 3 health centers of Kyongju-City, Dalseong-Gun in Teagu and Kumi-City. Data were collected between September and October 1995. The patients were classified into the improved group and the non-improved group according to outcomes of 3 month treatment with short-term therapeutic regimen. To find factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy, multiple logistic regression was made. There was no significant differences between the improved group and the non-improved group in sex, age, education level, occupation, family pattern, and habitual change regarding smoking and drinking. The level of knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy in the improved group was significantly higher than the non-improved group(p<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that family support for not forgetting medication (p<0.05) wis a predictor of improvement and knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy(p=0.054), regularity of medication(p=0.062), and consultation to family, doctor and nurse(p=0.075) were marginal predictors of improvement. Treatment must be given to every patient confirmed as having tuberculosis and must be given free of charge to the patients. The requirements for adequate chemotherapy are prescribed in the correct dosage and taken regularly by the patient for a sufficient period to prevent relapse of the disease after cure. It is suggested that education to the patients should be reinforced and connectedness between patients and tuberculosis control workers and family should be solidated.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2011

Tuberculosis is a disease with high morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Despite the decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis in Korea, more than 30,000 new patients are diagnosed each year. Active tuberculosis is less frequent in children compared to adults but the risk of miliary tuberculosis and CNS tuberculosis is much higher. The diagnosis of tuberculosis in children and adolescents is difficult due to the nonspecific symptoms upon presentation. Diagnostic work up is based on the confirmation of tuberculosis infection by tuberculin skin test, abnormal radiologic findings, and contact with an adult with active tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculosis medications are prescribed according to the drug susceptibility of the index patient. Latent tuberculosis infection plays an important role in adult tuberculosis by reactivation. Thus, it is critical to accurately diagnose latent tuberculosis in children to prevent reactivation in adulthood. Korean guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in children and adolescents provide evidence based recommendations in the optimal diagnosis and treatment for active and latent tuberculosis in children and adolescents based on the current Korean situation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.243-247
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• 2005

Background : The prevalence of tuberculosis is slowly decreasing in Korea. However, the drug-resistance of pulmonary tuberculosis is a major risk factor of treatment failure. Moreover, the National Surveillance System has recently been discontinued. Therefore, a continuous survey is necessary for the exact detection of the rate of drug resistance. We studied the recent 4-year drug resistance rate of tuberculosis at a single University hospital in Seoul. Materials and Methods : The study included 239 pulmonary tuberculosis patients performed with a tuberculosis culture and a drug-sensitivity test at Hanyang University Medical Center from March 1999 to March 2003. Results : Of the 239 patients included in the study during the 4-year period, 52 patients showed resistance to one or more anti-tuberculosis drug (21.8%). The rate of multi-drug resistance was 12.6%. The resistance rates to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin and pyrazinamide were 18.4%, 13.8%, 11.7%, 6.7% and 8.4%, respectively. Ninety patients had a history of previous anti-tuberculosis treatment, and the rates of the overall drug resistance and multi-drug resistance of these patients were 36.7% and 25.6%, respectively. The patients with drug-resistance showed a higher rate of a previous tuberculosis treatment history (63.5%) than the drug-sensitive group patients (30.5%). Conclusion : The rate of drug resistant tuberculosis is 21.8%, and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis is 12.6%. The rate of drug resistance is higher in those previously treated for tuberculosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.302-306
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• 1994

A 33-year old male was admitted due to continuous high spiking fever for 2 months via local clinic. He had been diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis at local clinic. However, spiking fever had not been controlled by anti-tuberculous medications. Chest PA showed confluent consolidation on right upper & mid-lung field. 5 anti-tuberculous regimens(Streptomycin, Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamaide) were administered initially and steroid therapy was followed for relieving toxic symptoms Very slowly resolved chest X-ray lesion and continuous fever suggested the possibility of misdiagnosis. After 60th hospital day, the chest X-ray lesion was resolved gradually and fever subsided almost completely. He was discharged on 76th hospital day with anti-tuberculous drugs and steroid(prednisolon), without any other problems except sustained mild fever.