• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.288-293
• /
• 2019

Background: Dental caries is one of several prevalent oral diseases caused by dental plaque biofilms. This study evaluated the anti-cariogenic effects of a bamboo salt (BS) and sodium fluoride (NaF) mixture on oral bacteria. Methods: The effects of several mixtures of NaF and BS on acid production, growth, and adhesion to glass beads of Streptococcus mutans, and their anti-cariogenic properties were investigated. The growth of S. mutans was measured according to optical density at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 hours after treatment using spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 600 nm, while pH was measured using a pH meter. Adhesion of S. mutans was measured according to the weight of glass beads from each group before and after incubation. Gene expression was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Acid production and growth patterns of S. mutans were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance, followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare adhesion, followed by the Mann-Whitney test. Gene expression in the experimental and control samples was compared using the Student's t-test. Results: Growth, acid production, and adhesion of S. mutans were inhibited in all experimental groups. Expression of gft and fructosyltransferase in S. mutans was inhibited in all groups. A mixture of NaF and BS significantly reduced growth, acid production, adhesion, and gene expression of S. mutans compared with the other groups. Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that a mixture of NaF and BS was useful as a mouth rinse in preventing dental caries.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 2000

Infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is of considerable clinical relevance after placental transmission and in immunosuppressed patients such as transplant recipients or patients with AIDS. The rapid detection method of HCMV has been required to overcome the time-consuming methods such as classical plaque assay or other immunological methods. This study was performed to establish the in situ ELISA, in which human lung fibroblasts infected with HCMV were fixed and used directly as antigen in 96 well culture plate. Expressed HCMV antigens were detected with HCMV-specific monoclonal antibodies. This method could detect HCMV dose-dependently upto $3{\times}10^2\;pfu/ml$. Antiviral activity of ganciclovir could be assayed within the known range of effective dose. This result showed that HCMV could be quantitated by in situ ELISA. The chemical, which was selected on the basis of component analysis in natural product, was tested to have the anti-HCMV activity by in situ ELISA, and three among five samples were found to have anti-HCMV activity with the dose-dependent manner. Conclusively in situ ELISA could be useful method for quantitation of HCMV and screening antiviral activity of samples to HCMV.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.1001-1013
• /
• 2020

The formation of biofilms on the enamel surface of teeth by Streptococcus mutans is an important step in dental plaque formation, demineralization, and early caries because the biofilm is where other bacteria involved in dental caries attach, grow, and proliferate. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of phosvitin (PSV) on the biofilm formation, exopolysaccharides (EPS) production, adherence activity of S. mutans, and the expression of genes related to the compounds essential for biofilm formation (quorum-sensing inducers and components of biofilm matrix) by S. mutans. PSV significantly reduced the biofilm-forming activity of S. mutans and increased the degradation of preformed biofilms by S. mutans. PSV inhibited the adherence activity of S. mutans by 31.9%-33.6%, and the production of EPS by 62%-65% depending upon the strains and the amount of PSV added. The expressions of genes regulating the production of EPS and the quorum-sensing-inducers (gtfA, gtfD, ftf, relA, vicR, brpA, and comDE) in all S. mutans strains were down-regulated by PSV, but gtfB was down-regulated only in S. mutans KCTC 5316. Therefore, the anti-biofilm-forming activity of PSV was accomplished through the inhibition of biofilm formation, adherence activity, and the production of quorum-sensing inducers and EPS by S. mutans.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.15 no.2 s.69
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 2005

Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a phytoalexin found in grape skins, peanuts, and red wine, has been reported to have a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. $Amyloid-\beta$ deposition and senile plaque-associated astrocytes are common neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we have explored the effects of resveratrol on $amyloid-\beta-peptide-mediated$ cytotoxicity in vitro and modulation of cell growth-regulatory gene products in astroglioma C6 cells to elucidate its possible mechanism for anti-cytotoxicity. Exposure of C6 cells to $Amyloid-\beta$ resulted in dose-dependent growth inhibition and morphological changes of C6 cells, which were recovered by pre-treatment with resveratrol. The anti-proliferative effect of $amyloid-\beta$ was associated with the induction of tumor suppressor p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21 (WAF1/CIP1) expression assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in time-dependent manner in C6 cells. In addition, the pro-apoptotic Bax expression was also up-regulated in $amyloid-\beta-treated$ C6 cells without alteration of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and $Bcl-X_L$ expression. However, pre-treatment of resveratrol significantly inhibited $amyloid-\beta-induced$ p53, p21 and Bax levels, suggesting that the modulation of p53, p21 and Bax levels could be one of the possible pathways by which resveratrol functions as anti-cytotoxic agent. Our results demonstrate that resveratrol may enhance the protection against $amyloid-\beta-induced$ cytotoxicity by promoting the survival of glial cells.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2001

The antimicrobial and glucosyltransferase(GTase) inhibition activity were searched for 30 species of various folk drugs and by products of food industry. Among them, two species, gallnut and red grape husk water extracts, were selected for the powerful antimicrobial and GTase inhibition activity. The polyphenol fractions of gallnut and red grape husk were showed very greater antimicrobial activity on both Gram(+) and (-), B. subtilis and E. coli. The minimum antimicrobial activity of gallnut polyphenol fraction were 1.0mg for B. subtilis and 3,0mg for E. coli. Red grape husk was 2.0mg for B. subtilis and 3.0mg for E coli. The polyphenol fractions of gall nut and red grape husk were showed powerful GTase inhibition activity. The concentrations of these fractions for 80% inhibition of GTase activity were 1.08$\times$10$\^$-3/mg/㎖ and 1.08$\times$10$\^$-2/mg/㎖, respectively. The most abundant compound in these fraction seems to be polyphenol derivatives. From these results, we think that the gallnut and the red grape husk polyphenol fraction had more antimicrobial and anti-plaque activities than artificial synthetic preservatives as an economic point of view.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.242-245
• /
• 2005

The most common feature of neurodegenerative disease (i.e. Alzheimer's disease, AD) is the increased number of activated microglial cells nearby the pathogenic area of the brain, such as amyloid plaque in AD. An abnormality of protein regulation and an imbalance of clearance against ${\beta}-amyloid\;(A{\beta})$ produced amyloid precursor protein (APP) can turn microglia into the activated feature out of the ramified resting phase. We examined the possibility that ginsenoside Rb1 could attenuate the microglial activation induced by massive $A{\beta}$ that has known to induce a chronic inflammation, which is a major cause of AD by damaging neuronal cells (i.e. apoptosis or necrosis). Aggregated $A{\beta}42\;(5\;{\mu}M)$ peptide was used with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ($10\;{\mu}g$) for a comparative control up to 48hours. We found that Rb1 reduced the production of nitric oxide as well as proinflammatory cytokines, such as $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 1995

In order to investigate the Anti-stress effect of Guibiondamtang in the immobilization stressed rats, the level of serum catecholamine, the change of body weight, the humoral and cellular immune response were studied. The results were as follows; 1. The decrese of the body weight was significantly inhibited in test group for Guibiondamtang, comparting to the control group. 2. The increase of the level of serum norepinephrine was significantly inhibited in test group, comparing to the control group. 3. The increase of the level of serum epinephrine was significantly inhibited in test group, comparing to the control group. 4. In the hemagglutinaton titer, the control group was decreased on the serum antibody titer but test group was inhibitory effect on the decrease of sereum antibody titer. 5. In the plaque formation test, the control and test group were not shown significant differences. 6. In the foot pad swelling respopnse, the control group was decreased on DTH response but test group was increased comparing to the normal group. 7. There was no change on the distribution of lymphocyte subset(CD4, CD8), grnulocyte and macrophage analyzed by flow cytometry.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.536-542
• /
• 1996

The isolation of active compounds showing the inhibitory effect on glucosyltransferase(GTase) from cacao bean husk(CBH) extract was carried out for screening of anti-plaque agents. These active compounds were purified by additional column chromatography of MCI-gel CHP-20 and Sephadex LH-20 and their chemical structures were determined by NMR and mass spectroscopy. Two compounds showing the inhibitory effect on GTase from CBH extract were obtained. These compounds showed positive reactions with anisaldehyde-H2SO4 solution and FeCl3, and were identified as dimeric flavan-3-ols on TLC. By NMR and MS data analyses, the structures of two different flavan-3-ols were identified as procyanidin B-1 and procyanidin B-3, respectively.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.60-68
• /
• 2014

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by an erythematous scaly plaque of the skin and is occasionally accompanied by systemic complications. In the psoriatic lesions, an increased number of cytokine-producing dendritic cells and activated T cells are observed, which indicate that psoriasis is a prototype of an immune-mediated dermatosis. During the last decade, emerging studies demonstrate novel roles for the dendritic cell subsets in the process of disease initiation and maintenance of psoriasis. In addition, recently discovered anti-psoriatic therapies, which specifically target inflammatory cytokines produced by lesional dendritic cells, bring much better clinical improvement compared to conventional treatments. These new therapies implicate the crucial importance of dendritic cells in psoriasis pathogenesis. This review will summarize and discuss the dendritic cell subsets of the human skin and their pathophysiological involvement in psoriasis based on mouse- and patient-oriented studies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.174-182
• /
• 1992

The hemagglutinin-esterase glycoprotein (HE) gene of bovine coronavirus, coupled with a simian virus 40 early promoter and polyadenylation signal, was inserted into a human adenovirus transfer vector. The transfer vector was used to co-transfect 293 cells along with adenovirus genomic DNA. The hemagglutinin-esterase transcription unit was rescued into the adenovirus genome by homologous in vivo DNA recombination between the vector plasmid DNA and the adenovirus genomic DNA, and a recombinant adenovirus was isolated by several rounds of plaque assays. Thus the recombinant adenovirus carries the hemagglutinin-esterase gene in the early transcription region 3 (E3) of the adenovirus genome in the parallel orientation to the E3 transcription. The recombinant adenovirus synthesized the HE polypeptide in HeLa cells as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation with anti-coronavirus rabbit antisera. The recombinant HE polypeptide could be labelled by $[^3H]$glucosamine, demonstrating that the recombinant HE was glycosylated. Cells expressing the HE polypeptide exhibited hemadsorption activity when incubated with mouse erythrocytes. The HE was transported to the plasma membrane as shown by the cell surface immunofluorescence, indicating that the recombinant HE polypeptide retained its biological activities. Potential for the use of infectious recombinant adenovirus as a live virus-vectored vaccine candidate for bovine coronavirus disease is discussed.