• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.1 s.84
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• pp.86-90
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• 1998

Anti-complementary (immuno-stimulating) activities of the polymers produced from submerged mycelial culture, natural and artificially cultivated basidiocarps of Phellinus linteus were compared. Activity $(ITCH_{50})$ of polymer extracted from natural and artificial cultivated basidiocarps of P. linteus was 65.77% and 63.94%, respectively, which is not significant difference. However, the activities which were significantly low were found from endo-polymer (41.95%) and exo-polymer (21.87%) produced by submerged culture of P. linteus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.290-295
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• 2002

Among 12 lactic acid bacteria examined for their abilities to activate the complement system by hemolytic complement assay $(TCH_{50})$, Lactobacillus plantarum previously isolated from Kimchi showed high anti-complementary activity. The anti-complementary activity of the cell wall fraction of L. plantarum was more potent than that of the cytosol fraction, and both activities showed dose dependency. These high activities of the cytosol and the cell wall fractions were relatively resistant to the digestion with pronase, but sharply decreased after the treatment of $NaIO_4$. These results suggested that the complement activation by the cytosol and the cell wall fractions was mainly due to their polysaccharides. By the cross-immunoelectrophoresis using anti-human C3, the C3 activation products from both fractions were identified in $Ca^{++}$-free condition. Anti-complementary activity $(ITCH_{50})$ of the cell wall fraction was retained under the same condition, whereas that of the cytosol fraction was reduced considerably. From these results, it was inferred that the mode of complement activation by the cell wall fraction was mainly via alternative pathway, and that of the cytosol fraction was via both alternative and classical pathways.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.463-465
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• 2003

Four protostane-type triterpenes, alisol B 23-acetate (1a), alisol C 23-acetate (2a), alisol B(3a), and alisol A 24-acetate (4a), were isolated from the rhizome of Alismatis plantago-aquatica L. var. orientale Samuelson (Alismataceae) and eleven protostane derivatives (compounds 1-11) were obtained by selective modification from alisol B 23-acetate (1a). These compounds were investigated for their anti-complement activity against the classical pathway of the complement system. Alisol B (3a) and alisol A 24-acetate (4a) exhibited anti-complement activity with $IC_{50} values of 150 and 130 \mu$ M. Among the synthetic derivatives, the tetrahydroxylated protostane triterpene (9) showed moderate inhibitory activity with $IC_{50} value of 97.1 \mu$ M. Introduction of an aldehyde group at C-23 (10; $IC_{50} value, 47.7 \mu$ M) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the complement system in vitro.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2002

It was observed that the hot water extract of the leaves of Capsicum annuum L., a Korean edible plant, had a potent anti-complementary activity. Crude polysaccharide fraction(CAL-0) was obtained by methanol reflux, ethanol precipitation, dialysis and lyophilization. CAL-0 contained 51.8% of total sugar, 8.2% of uronic acid and 16.8% of protein, and consisted of mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose as neutral sugars and galacturonic acid as uronic acid. The anti-complementary activity of CAL-0 decreased greatly by periodate oxidation, but was not changed by pronase treatment. Also, the anti-complementary activity of CAL-0 was reduced partially in the absence of the $Ca^{2+}$ ion. The crude polysaccharide CAL-0 was found to activate the C3 component both in the presence and in the absence of $Ca^{2+}$ through the crossed-immunoelectrophoresis suggesting that those involved in both classical and alternative complement pathway CAL-0 was further separated to an unabsorbed fraction(CAL-1) and six absorbed fractions(CAL-2longrightarrowCAL-7) on DEAE Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange column. Among them four major fractions in activity and yield were obtained, and consisted mainly of arabinose, galactose and glucose with various molar ratios. The major fraction, CAL-2, was purified to give a high molecular fraction(CAL-2-I) and a low molecular fraction(CAL-2-II) on Sepharose CL-6B column. The anti-complementary activity of CAL-2-I, a molecular weight of about 61,000, was higher than it of CAL-2-II.-II.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 2019

To elucidate structure-function relationship of polysaccharide from Angelica gigas, the AGE-2c-I was purified by two successive chromatography steps. AGE-2c-I showed a potent anti-complementary activity in a dose-dependent manner. AGE-2c-I with a molecular weight of 140 kDa comprised four monosaccharides and 13 glycosyl linkages, and strongly reacted with ${\beta}$-glucosyl Yariv reagent. For the fine structure analysis of AGE-2c-I, it was sequentially digested by exo-arabinofuranosidase and endo-galactanase. The results indicated that AGE-2c-I was a typical RG-I polysaccharide with side chains such as highly branched ${\alpha}$-arabinan, ${\beta}$-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-galactan and arabino-${\beta}$-3,6-galactan. To characterize the active moiety of AGE-2c-I, the anti-complementary activities of AGE-2c-I and its subfractions were assayed. It was observed that the anti-complementary activity of AGE-2c-I was due to the entire structure that resembled RG-I. In addition, arabino-${\beta}$-3,6-galactan side chain (GN-I) in AGE-2c-I probably plays a crucial role in the anti-complementary activity, whereas ${\alpha}$-arabinan side chain (AFN-I) consisting of 5-linked Araf and 3,5-branched Araf partially contributes to the activity.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.230-236
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• 2003

Hot water-soluble crude polysaccharide (HCAP-0) that was obtained from the fruits of Capsicum annuum showed potent anti-complementary activity. The activity was unchanged by pronase digestion, but decreased by periodate oxidation. The HCAP-0 was fractionated by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography to give two major fractions, HCAP-II and III. These two fractions were finally purified by gel filtration to give HCAP-IIa, HCAP-IIIa1, and IIIa2 fractions that had high anti-complementary activities. The HCAP-IIIa1 and IIIa2 consisted of homogeneous polysaccharides. The anti-complementary activities were unaffected by treatment with polymyxin B, indicating that the modes of complement activation were not due to preexisting lipopolysaccharide. The molecular weight and sugar content of HCAP-IIIa2 had potent anti-complementary activity. The highest yields were 55 kDa and 75.9%, and the molar ratio of galactose (Ara:Gal, 1.0:4.6) was higher than other sugars. The crossed immuno-electrophoresis showed that both classical and alternative pathways were activated by HCAP-IIIa2.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2011

To characterize the polysaccharides which exist as soluble forms in Korean traditional alcoholic beverages, the polysaccharides were isolated from Korean pear wine and their anti-complementary activities were examined. The main polysaccharide, PW-1 was purified to homogeneity from the crude polysaccharide (PW-0) in pear wine by size exclusion chromatography using Sephadex G-75. Molecular mass of PW-1 was estimated to be 150 kDa and it contained significant proportion of mannose (81.8%) and 5 different minor component sugars such as arabinose (1.2%), galactose (2.7%), glucose (8.5%), galacturonic acid (5.3%) and glucuronic acid (0.5%). These analyses indicated that the main polysaccharide in pear wine was mainly present as a mannan which had originated from the cell walls of fermenting yeasts. On the other hand, PW-1 showed potent anti-complementary activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Identification of C3 activation products by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti-human C3 and anti-complementary activity of PW-1 in $Ca^{++}$-free condition suggested complement activations by PW-1 from Korean pear wine occur via both classical and alternative pathways.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1191-1197
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• 2000

In the preliminary study, we investigated the anti-complementary activities of 62 extracts from Korean edible seaweeds. Of those, Pachymeniopsis elliptica showed the highest anti-complementary activity. Therefore, it was purified as follows; i) PE-1 by ethanol precipitation, ii) PE-1-C by ultrafiltration, iii) PE-1-CIV by DEAE-Toyopearl 650C, and iv) PE-1-CIV-ii by Sepharose CL-6B. The purified compound, PE-1-CIV-ii, was the complexed homogeneous polysaccharide (molecular mass: 780 kDa) with 82.9% of anti-complementary activity. Also, it contained a significant amount of sulfate group (30.5%), which indicated it as a sulfated algal polysaccharide. Its structural monosaccharides were galactose (44.3%), 3,6-anhydrogalactose (34.0%), glucose (8.2%), fucose (5.4%), xylose (5.2%) and rhamnose (2.9%). After the treatment of periodate on a sample, a significant decrease in anti-complementary activity was found, which was a characteristic of bioactive polysaccharides. And-tumor activity of PE-1-A, B and C was tested in the sarcoma-180 solid tumor model. The PE-1-C with the largest molecular mass (more than 300 kDa) showed 81% of inhibition on the solid tumors, suggesting that the anti-complementary activity was, at least in part, related to anti-tumor activity. Based upon these results, the purified polysacchardes could be an immunopotentiator in vivo.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.490-495
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• 1996

The anti-compliment activity of hemolytic complementary assay(TCH50) of rhamnan sulfate fraction obtained from water extracts of Monostroma nitidum was investigated Rhamnan sulfate Fraction, F-4-3 fraction appeared relatively strong anti-complementary activity which decreased TCH50 over 60% than that comparison with control, and F-4-3 considerably inhibited ACH50. F-4-3 inhibited formation of the classical pathway C3 convertase or C4 cleavage. The results also indicate the mode of complement activation by F-4-3 fraction shows not only the classical pathway but also the alternative pathway.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.462-469
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• 1992

Two kinds of complement activating (anti-complementary) polysaccharides, which were expected to be immunomodulators were purified from Arecae Pericarpium (the pericarps of Areca catechu), and their action modes have been studied. The active polysaccharides, AC-2-IIIa and AC-2-IIIc from Arecae Pericarpium showed dose-dependent anti-complementary activities on $TCH_{50}$. The anti-complementary activities of AC-2-IIIa and AC-2-IIIc in metal ion-free condition were completely decreased in comparison with control whereas in case of $Ca^{2+}$-free condition, these activities were maintained, considerably. Also AC-2-IIIa and AC-2-IIIc showed relatively potent alternative complement pathway activities. Furthermore, after incubation of the normal human serum with polysaccharide of Arecae Pericarpium in the absence of $Ca^{2+}$ ion, a cleavage of C3 in the serum was found to have occurred through immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) with anti-human C3. Also, from the results of IEP using anti-human whole serum, the ratios of the height of 3rd peak to ${\alpha}2-M$ peak by AC-2-IIIa and AC-2-IIIc proved to be $1.50{\pm}0.04$ and $1.22{\pm}0.08$, respectively. These results indicate that the modes of complement activation by AC-2-IIIa and AC-2-IIIc from Arecae Pericarpium are via both the classical pathway and the alternative pathway.