• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.479-490
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• 2020

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is well known for its role in allergic inflammation. For cancer, both pro- and anti-tumor effects of IL-9 were controversially reported, but the impact of IL-9 on tumor metastasis has not yet been clarified. In this study, IL-9 was expressed as a secretory form (sIL-9) and a membrane-bound form (mbIL-9) on B16F10 melanoma cells. The mbIL-9 was engineered as a chimeric protein with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic region of TNF-α. The effect of either mbIL-9 or sIL-9 expressing cells were analyzed on the metastasis capability of the cancer cells. After three weeks of tumor implantation into C57BL/6 mice through the tail vein, the number of tumor modules in lungs injected with IL-9 expressing B16F10 was 5-fold less than that of control groups. The percentages of CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, NK cells, and M1 macrophages considerably increased in the lungs of the mice injected with IL-9 expressing cells. Among them, the M1 macrophage subset was the most significantly enhanced. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages, which were stimulated with either sIL-9 or mbIL-9 expressing transfectant, exerted higher anti-tumor cytotoxicity compared with that of the mock control. The IL-9-stimulated peritoneal macrophages were highly polarized to M1 phenotype. Stimulation of RAW264.7 macrophages with sIL-9 or mbIL-9 expressing cells also significantly increased the cytotoxicity of those macrophages against wild-type B16F10 cells. These results clearly demonstrate that IL-9 can induce an anti-metastasis effect by enhancing the polarization and proliferation of M1 macrophages.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.540-548
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• 2008

Paeonia radix is the root of Paeonia aliflora Pallas, which is a perennial plant classified in the family Paeoniaceae. Paeonia radix possesses several pharmacological effects such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic, anti-oxidative, and anti-coagulant activities. In this study, we investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of Paeonia radix on the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mouse BV2 microglial cells. The aqueous extract of Paeonia radix at respective concentration was treated one hour before lipopolysaccharide treatment. In the present results, the aqueous extract of Paeonia radix suppressed prostaglandin $E_2$ synthesis and nitric oxide production by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mouse BV2 microglial cells. These results demonstrate that Paeonia radix exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects probably by suppressing mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthesis. The present study demonstrates that Paeonia radix may offer a valuable mean of therapy for brain inflammatory diseases.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effects of Agastachis Herba water (AH-W) extract on compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation and histamine release in human mast cells and also anti-asthmatic effect of AH-W extract on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in mice. Methods : Human mast cells, HMC-1 were treated with AH-W extract in the presence or absence of compound 48/80 (C48/80). Mast cell degranulation was observed by microscope, and the histamine release was measured in culture medium by ELISA. For preparation of asthmatic in vivo model, mice were sensitized (0, 7, and 14 days) with OVA and airway challenged (21, 23, 25, 27, and 29 days). AH-W extract at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg/body weight was orally administered during OVA challenge once per a day. The levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and Th1/Th2 cytokines, IFN-$\gamma$ and IL-4 were measured in the sera of mice by ELISA. The histopathological change of lung tissues was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Results : The treatment of AH-W extract significantly decreased the mast cell degranulation and histamine release in C48/80-stimulated HMC-1 cells. In addition, The administration of AH-W extract at does of 100 and 300 mg/kg significantly decreased the serum levels of OVA-specific IgE compared with those of OVA control group. In H&E and PAS staining, AH-W extract inhibited OVA-induced airway inflammation, and inflammatory cells infiltration, and also histopathological damages on lung tissues such as bronchiole epithelial desquamation, goblet cells hyperplasia, and mucin releasing. Conclusions : These results indicate that AH-W extract may improve asthmatic symptoms through mast cell stabilization and inhibiting the lung inflammation in bronchial asthma.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2012

This study is to investigate the effects of Chinemys reevesii (CR) on allergic inflammation mechanism related chronic dermatitis. To investigate the effects of CR, we study inhibitory effect of CR on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from RAW 264.7 cell stimulated with lipopolysaccaride (LPS), and EoL-1, THP-1, Jutkat cell stimulated with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP), and LPS induced acute inflammatory BALB/c mouse model. CR reduced the levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ released from RAW 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS at 20 ug/ml, 10 ug/ml concentration. CR significantly reduced the levels of MCP-1 released from EoL-1 cell, IL-6 from THP-1 cell, and IL-4, IL-5, TNF-${\alpha}$ from Jutkat cell stimulated with DP at all the concentration. CR significantly reduced the levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, in LPS induced inflammatory BALB/c mouse model, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that CR has suppressive effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines in various inflammation related cell lines through the regulation of immune system. CR could be a therapeutic agent for treatment of chronic inflammatory dermatitis in the future.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.120-120
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• 2019

Allergic inflammatory disease has been increased by abnormal lifestyle and food habits. Especially, prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has been elevated and treatment of AD has not been unclear. Red sweet pepper (RSP), named as Capsicum annuum L, has been known as having pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, detoxification and antibacterial effects. However, the beneficial effect of ethanolic extract of RSP on AD has not been partly examined yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory effects of RSP on AD in vitro and in vivo models. The treatment of RSP inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokine such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$-stimulated human keratinocyte (HaCaT cell). Also, RSP extract regulated 2,4-dinitroflorobenzene (DNFB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice. Oral administration of RSP ameliorated DNFB-induced AD-like symptoms. In presented results indicated that RSP inhibited inflammatory cytokines in HaCaT cell and ameliorated AD-like skin lesion through suppression of symptom of DNFB-induced skin inflammation. Thus, RSP might be a potential therapeutic agent for AD.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2014

Objectives : In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effects of Careswell on human mast cell-mediated allergy inflammation in vitro and pruritogen-induced scratching behavior in vivo. Method : The Careswell was extract by distilled water. The anti-itching effects of Careswell were investigated on the compound 48/80 ($50{\mu}g/kg$) or histamine ($100{\mu}g/kg$) induced scratching behavior male ICR mice for 30 min by an observer blind. Terfenadine (10 mg/kg) was used as a positive control drug. The cell toxicity of Careswell was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The regulatory effect of Careswell on interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ levels was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI) stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). Also, we evaluated the effect of Careswell on PMACI induced the activation of Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) into nucleus by Western blot analysis. Result : The results revealed that the oral administration of Careswell (200 mg/kg, p.o.) attenuated the compound 48/80 or histamine-induced scratching behavior in mice. We showed that Careswell significantly reduced the PMACI-induced the production of IL-6 (0.5-1 mg/ml) and TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.1-1 mg/ml). Additionally, Careswell significantly inhibited the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ in PMACI-stimulated HMC-1. Conclusion : Collectively, the findings of this study provide us with a novel insight into the pharmacological actions of Careswell as a potential molecule for use in the treatment of allergic inflammation diseases.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2010

홍삼은 인삼을 증숙하는 과정에서 생겨나는 화학적으로 변화된 생리활성물질들에 의해 인삼과 차별화된 효과를 보여준다. 또한 홍삼은 장내미생물의 생물학적 전환에 의해 변화되어 생체내 약리활성을 보이는데, 이는 개인의 장내 미생물의 분포 차이에 의해 약리작용의 차이를 보일 수 있다. 최근 이 같은 차이를 극복하기 위해 인위적으로 장내미생물에 의해 사전 발효시킨 발효홍삼은 홍삼과 다른 성분량의 차이를 보임으로써 독특한 약리작용을 보인다고 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구는 홍삼과 발효홍삼의 추출물이 알러지 및 염증반응에 끼치는 영향에 대해 알아보기 위해 비만세포의 탈과립 과정에서 분비되는 $\beta$-hexosaminidase 분비량 비교, 염증매개 세포부착물질인 ICAM-1 발현비교, 생쥐림프구의 증식능, 각질형성세포 증식능을 상호 비교하였다. 실험결과 홍삼은 1, $10\;{\mu}g/ml$에서 $\beta$-hexosaminidase 분비량 억제 및 ICAM-1 발현 억제 조절 효과를 나타내었으며, 발효 홍삼은 모든 농도에서 유의적인 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 그러므로 홍삼과 발효홍삼에서는 모두 항알러지 및 항염증 효과가 있다고 사료된다. 그러나 LPS에 의한 B세포의 증식능에서 홍삼 $1\;{\mu}g/ml$은 증가효과를 발효홍삼에서는 $100\;{\mu}g/ml$에서 억제효과를 나타내었고, ConA에 의한 T세포의 증식능에서는 홍삼 $100\;{\mu}g/ml$에서 증가효과를 발효홍삼 $100\;{\mu}g/ml$에서는 억제효과를 나타냄으로써 림프구 증식능에 관한 실험에서는 두 추출물간에 상반된 효과를 나타내었다. HaCaT세포를 이용한 각질형성세포 증식능에서는 발효홍삼 1, $10\;{\mu}g/ml$에서만 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 홍삼과 발효홍삼에 존재하는 성분량의 변화에 따라 그 효능에서 차이를 나타내고 있는 것으로 사료되며, 홍삼 및 발효홍삼의 고농도 $100\;{\mu}g/ml$에서는 저농도와는 다른 효과를 보이는 경향을 나타내고 있으므로 홍삼 및 발효홍삼의 사용에 있어 적절한 적응증과 주성분의 검증 및 유효 농도에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2005

According to the Chinese and Korean medicinal and herbal literature, SSG(Silsosangami) is effective for the treatment of inflammation, hyperlipemia and arteriosclerosis. The pharmacological action of SSG has been limitedly studied in regard to ischemic infarction. This herbal medicine has been shown to express diverse activities such as immunomodulating, anti-infarction, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects. Antisclerotic effects of SSG in experimentally induced atherosclerosis in rabbits have also been reported. However, pharmacological mechanisms of SSG on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis formation are poorly understood. The present paper reports the effect of extracts obtained from SSG on endotoxin-induced experimental DIC in rats. Also, these were tested for their effect on endotoxin-induced blood platelet aggregation, thrombin-induced conversion of fibrinogen and fibrinolysis in vitro experiments with aspirin as a positive agent. The anti-thrombic properties of SSG were also investigated by means of analytical parameters of bood composition. The extracts of SSG and its seven herbs, except Cnidii Rhizoma and Carthami Flos, inhibited the endotoxin-induced DIC and thrombosis in rats. Also the extract inhibited the endotoxin-induced decrease in blood platelets and fibrinogen, and endotoxin-induced increase in fibrin degradation products (FDP) on disseminated intravascular coagulation in normal rats.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2008

Background: Allergic inflammation was induced by activated Th2 lymphocytes, leading to IgE production and eosinophil activation. A Th2 disproportion was shown in atopic children soon after birth. During specific allergen stimulation, an increase of Th2 cells was observed in most cases. In this study, we prepared new screening "whole blood" system for searching the anti-atopic materials. Cytokine production and IgE secretion from whole blood system were assessed and we confirmed the results by using animal system. Methods: Pathological features in NC/Nga mice are similar to those observed in human atopic dermatitis. Whole blood from NC/Nga mouse was stimulated by using TNCB (Th2 activator) or candidate materials of anti-atopic dermatitis, and the production of cytokines (IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-${\gamma}$) were measured by ELISA. In order to confirm the results of whole blood system, in vivo test was done by using NC/Nga mice. Results: In whole blood system, LPS and extracts of green tea, hardy orange and onion induced the production of IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$ while they reduced the production of IL-4. Also, LPS and extracts of onion reduced IgE production. Though atopic dermatitis was observed from a mouse stimulated with TNCB, it was not when a mouse was co-stimulated in LPS or extracts of onion. The results are same as those observed in whole blood system. Conclusion: Whole blood system was simple and speedy methods for searching a materials compared with the conventional high-cost animal system. And the results using whole blood system was proved to be reliable in our experiments for screening anti-atopic material. We expect that the system can be applied to other experiments for searching similar materials.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2011

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Amyda sinensis (AS) on allergic inflammation mechanism related atopy dermatitis. Methods: To investigate the effects of AS, We study inhibitory effect of AS on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from Raw264.7 cell stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccaride), and EoL-1, THP-1, Jutkat cell stimulated with DP (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), and LPS indused acute inflammatory BALB/c mouse model. Result: AS reduced the levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ released from Raw264.7 cell stimulated with LPS at 20 ug/ml, 5 ug/ml concentration, and reduced the levels of IL-6 in a dose-dependent. AS significantly reduced the levels of MCP-1 released from EoL-1 cell stimulated with DP (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) at all the concentration, and significantly reduced the level of IL-8 at 0.1 ug/ml concentration. AS significantly reduced the levels of MCP-1 released from THP-1 cell stimulated with DP (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) at 1 ug/ml concentration, and reduced the level of IL-6 in a dose-dependent. AS significantly reduced the levels of IL-4 released from Jutkat cell stimulated with DP at all the concentration, and significantly reduced the level of IL-5 at 0.1 ug/ml. 1 ug/ml concentration,. and reduced the level of TNF-${\alpha}$ in a dose-dependent. AS significantly reduced the levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, in LPS indused acute inflammatory BALB/c mouse model, in a dose-dependent. Conclusion: These result suggested that AS has suppressive effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines in various cell lines through the regulation of immune system. AS could be applied on the medicinal sources for treatment of immune abnormal diseases such as atopy dermatitis afterward.