• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.159-170
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• 2010

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects garlic such as fresh garlic powder (FGP), red garlic powder (RGP) and black garlic powder (BGP) by lyophilized, on serum lipid metabolism in obese rats induced high fat diet. Food efficiency ratio (FER) of the experimental groups was lower than the control group and it was significant difference. Total lipid content of serum decreased from 7.0 to 20.9% compared to the control group. Especially, triglyceride content decreased from 40.8% (BGP) to 42.1% (RGP) group as compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in HDL-C content between groups fed garlic powder and normal group. LDL-C contents of the experimental groups were lower than the control group, but has not showed significant diggerence compared to control group. Total lipid content was significantly increased in liver compared to the control group, but decreased over 30% in RGP and BGP groups to the control group. The lipid level in feces was increased by feeding periods of garlic powder, while total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased in feces of RGP group. TBARS content in serum and liver of RGP and BGP groups was significantly decreased than the control group. Antioxidant activity of serum was 68.05% in the RGP group, which was significantly higher than the control group. From the above result, we suggested that red and black garlic powder were effective in the improvement of lipid level in obese rats induced high fat diet.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.484-491
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• 2019

Proanthocyanidins are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds abundant in many vegetables, plant skins (rind/bark), seeds, flowers, fruits, and nuts. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated myriad effects potentially beneficial to human health, such as antioxidation, immunomodulation, DNA repair, and antitumor activity. Among immune cells, macrophages are crucial players in a variety of inflammatory responses to environmental conditions. However, it has been widely reported that macrophages cause chronic inflammation and are involved in a variety of diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. In this study, we report the suppressive effect of proanthocyanidins via the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-related system, on the immune response of the LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Increased HO-1 expression at mRNA and protein levels were found in proanthocyanidins-treated RAW264.7 cells. Further, proanthocyanidins enhanced nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 translocation into the nucleus. RAW264.7 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without proanthocyanidins, and inflammatory mediator expression levels were assessed. Proanthocyanidins treatment resulted in the attenuation of nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, mRNA and protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin-6, was inhibited by proanthocyanidins treatment in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These findings support proanthocyanidins as a promising anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition and biological function of tea made from mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves. The antioxidant activities of tea made from mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves were determined by measuring their electron-donating ability based on their DPPH and nitrite-scavenging ability. The electron-donating abilities of tea made from mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves (500 and 1,000 ppm) as determined by DPPH assay were 45.6 and 85.1%, respectively. The nitrite scavenging ability of tea made from mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves (500 and 1,000 ppm) at pH 6.0 were 32.8 and 51.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the nitrite scavenging activity increased in a dose-dependent manner at all pH values. The effects of tea made from mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves on Male Sprague-Dawley rats were also evaluated. To accomplish this, the rats were divided into three groups (A: normal diet group, B: high fat diet group and C: high fat diet supplemented with tea made from mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves group). The anti-obesity effects of tea made from mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves were then evaluated. The serum total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride contents in C group were lower than those of B group; however, these differences were not statistically significant. The HDL-cholesterol content was significantly higher in the C group than in the other groups. Taken together the results of this study suggest that tea made from mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves possesses antioxidant activity and improves lipid metabolism.