• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2014

Purpose: Needlestick injuries (NSI) is the most frequent occupational hazard for healthcare personnel (HCP), and immediate report and adequate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is essential in preventing occupational transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Methods: From June 2010 to October 2010, 544 NSI were reported through websites from 21 general hospitals in Korea. Among those, 499 cases of NSI were analyzed to identify the rate of follow-up treatment completion and for seroconversion. Results: 88.2% of the cases were completed with follow-up treatment, 8.8% of the NSI were not completed with follow-up treatment, and 5 cases were unavailable to trace. 4.2% cases of NSI required a hepatitis B vaccination concurrent with hepatitis B immunoglobulin. 41.1% of the cases and 31.1% of the cases needed to be tested for anti HCV and anti HIV, respectively. Prophylaxis medication for HIV was prescribed in 3 cases, and all cases completed required 1 month of medication. There was 1 case (0.2%) of seroconversion to HCV. Conclusion: The PEP completion rate was not satisfactory, and the importance of completion of PEP treatment should be emphasized through education and counseling. Also, a careful risk assessment is needed for HCP who are exposed to HCV or HIV.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 1998

A murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type-I (HIV -1) was chemically coupled to pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) from Phytolacca americana. The immunotoxin was purified by FPLC using S200 colum. The purified immunotoxin efficiently bound to HIV-infected T cells as evidenced by fluorescenceactivated cell sorter analysis. The immunotoxin selectively killed human T lymphoid lines infected with $HIV-1_{IIIB}$ at less than 250 pM of the immunotoxin cells, while PAP or mAb alone did not have any significant effect on infected cells. The uninfected control T cell lines were not affected. Human cells infected with HIV-2 or other HIV-1 strains were not killed, suggesting that the killing depends completely on the antibody used for coupling. These in vitro results suggest that the PAP-mAb conjugate may be used to selectively remove cells expressing viral antigens from individuals infected with HIV.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.264.1-264.1
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• 2003

In order to search for the anti-HIV agents from natural products, Eighty MeOH extracts of medicinal plants were applied to a syncytia formation inhibition assay which is based on the interaction between the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120/gp41 and the cellular membrane protein CD4 of T lymphocytes. Among them, Ailanthus altissima showed a potent virus-cell fusion inhibitory activity. (omitted)

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.83-99
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• 2000

A defective HIV-1 helper virus DNA, pHyPC, was assembled by deleting the RNA packaging signal, env, nef and the 3'LTR sequences. HIV-1 like virus particles that carry the HIV-1 receptor, CD4 were generated by co expression of pHyPC and plasmid DNAs encoding different chimeric CD4 proteins. The CD4 particles, sharing the CD4 ectodomain, precisely fused to different membrane anchors. CD4(+) particles specifically bound to HIV-1 Env expressing cells, but any signs of infection into these cells were not detected. Binding was only partially blocked by either polyclonal anti-CD4 antibodies or by high concentrations of soluble CD4. Surprisingly, CD4(+) particles also adsorbed to HeLa, CHO, NIH3T3 and COS-7 cells in the absence of HIV-1 Env expression. Adsorption was comparable in strength and speed to the highly specific CD4-Env interaction. CD4(-) particles exhibited only background levels of binding. Cell binding was CD4. dependent, but it was independent of the cell type from which the CD4(+) particles originated. Interestingly, CD4-dependent/Env-independent binding was only found when CD4 was present on virus particles. This suggests that the micro-environment of CD4 on virus particles uniquely expose this new cell binding activity. Its high affinity could explain in part why infection of Env(+) cells by CD4(+) particles was not detected. Further experiments will be required to evaluate whether this strong membrane interaction could represent one step in the multiple-step viral entry process.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 2006

The major event in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is the death of many cells related to host immune response. The demise of these cells is normally explained by cell suicide mechanism, apoptosis. Interestingly, the decrease in the number of immune cells, such as non-CD4+ cells as well as CD4+ T cells, in HIV infection usually occurs in uninfected bystander cells, not in directly infected cells. It has, therefore, been suggested that several soluble factors, including viral protein R (Vpr), are released from the infected cells and induce the death of bystander cells. Some studies show that Vpr interacts directly with adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) to induce mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP). The MMP results in release of some apoptogenic factors such as cytochrome-c (cyt-c) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Vpr also has indirect effect on mitochondria through enhancing the level of caspase-9 transcription and suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$). The involvement of p53 in Vpr-induced apoptosis remains to be studied. On the other hand, low level of Vpr expression has anti-apoptotic effect, whereas it's high level of expression induces apoptosis. Extracellular Vpr also exhibits cytotoxicity to uninfected bystander cells through apoptotic or necrotic mechanism. The facts that Vpr has cytotoxic effect on both infected cells and bystander cells, and that it exhibits both proand anti-apoptotic activity may explain its role in viral survival and disease progression.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.520-523
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• 1999

We have been screening anti-HIV integrase compounds from Korean medicinal plants by using an in vitro assay system which is mainly composed of recombinant human immunodeficency virus type 1 integrase and radiolabeled oligonucleotides. From the above screening, the aqueous methanolic extract of the roots of Agastache rugosa exhibited a significant activity. Bioactivity-guided chromatographic fractionation of the methanolic extract resulted in the isolation of rosmarinic acid. The structure of the compound was determined by spectroscopic data and by the comparison with the reported values. The $IC_{50}$ of the rosmarinic acid was approximately $10{\mu}g/ml$ against HIV integrase.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.432-443
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• 1998

The poliovirus Sabin 1 strain has features that make it a particularly attractive live recombinant mucosal vaccine vehicle. Sabin 1 cDNA was manipulated to have multiple cloning sites and a viral specific 3C-protease cutting site at the N-terminal end of the polyprotein. The gene for the N-terminal 169 amino acids of the HIV-1 p24 was cloned into the multiple cloning site of the manipulated Sabin cDNA. A recombinant progeny virus was produced from HeLa cells when it was transfected with the RNA synthesized from the p24-Sabin chimeric cDNA. The recombinant progeny virus expresses substantial amounts of the HIV-1 p24 protein, which was clearly detected in the infected cell lysates and culture supernatants in Western blot experiments with rabbit anti-p24 serum and AIDS patients' sera. Differing from the Mahoney strain, the recombinant Sabin 1 poliovirus maintained the foreign gene stably during the subsequent passages. Replication capacity was about 1 to 1.5 log lower than that of the wild-type Sabin 1. Other physicochemical stability characteristics of the recombinant virus were similar to that of the wild-type Sabin 1. These results suggest that the manipulated Sabin 1 poliovirus can be used as a live viral vaccine vector for the development of mucosal vaccines.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2015

Novel 2'(${\beta}$)-methyl-5'-deoxyapiose purine phosphonic acid analogues were designed and synthesized from 2-propanone-1,3-diacetate. Condensation successfully proceeded from a glycosyl donor 9 under Vorbr${\ddot{u}}$ggen conditions. Condensation of aldehyde 14 with Wittig reagent [(diethoxyphosphinyl)methylidene] triphenylphosphorane gave the desired nucleoside phosphonate analogues 15. Ammonolysis and hydrolysis of phosphonates gave the nucleoside phosphonic acid analogue 17 and 19. The synthesized nucleoside analogues were subjected to antiviral screening against HIV-1. The adenine analogue 19 exhibited weak in vitro activities against HIV-1.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1723-1728
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• 2008

An efficient synthetic route for carbocyclic versions of stavudine analogues and their evaluation on antiviral activity are described. The construction of an ethynylated quaternary carbon at the 4'-position of carbocyclic nucleosides was accomplished using Claisen rearrangement of 11 and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of dienyne 14 as key transformations. An antiviral evaluation of the synthesized compounds, 20, 21, 22, and 25 against HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, and HCMV showed that only the guanine analogue 25 is moderately active against HIV-1 in the MT-4 cell line ($EC_{50}$ = 11.91 $\mu$mol).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.827-830
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• 2013

Investigation of an organic extract of the fruits Schisandra wilsoniana led to the isolation of two new highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids, named schilancidilactones V-W (1-2). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 1-2 feature a double bond between C-7 and C-8 compared with related known nortriterpenoids isolated from the genus Schisandra. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their anti-HIV-1 activities and cytotoxicity. The results revealed that compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate anti-HIV-1 activities with $EC_{50}$ 3.05 and 2.87 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and compound 1 showed high cytotoxicity against KB and MDA-MB-231 cell with $IC_{50}$ values of 3.18 and 5.22 ${\mu}M$, respectively.