• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 1988

This study attempted to investigate the relationships between vegetable preference and physical status. The subjects were 127 kindergarten children living Kwang-ju. In this study, vegetable preference and health status of the children were investigated by response of thier mothers through questionnaires. Also, rate of dental caries and anthropometric measures were obtained by examination. The results are summarized as follows; 1) Anthropometric mesures of the subjects were higher than those of Korean standards for children. 2) The mean hedonic score for vegetable preference in subjects was 2.6. The difference in vegetable preference between male and femal was not significant except for a squash item. 3) Vegetable prefernce has a significant correlation with the def. tooth rate. Especially preference of spinach, wild sesame leaf, and cucumber were negatively related to the def. tooth rate. 4) Vegetable preference and anthropometric measures did not show any significant correlation. 5) Children who ate sweets for snacks frequently disliked vegetable and showed high rate of dental caries significantly(p<0.001). Children who had anorexia and constipation disliked vegetables significantly (p<0.01). Children who complained diarrhea symptom showed significant high rte of dental caries(p<0.01). From the results above, as the negative relationship between vegetable preference and def. tooth rate was found, many cooking methods of vegetables should be studied and nutrition education should be oriented to recommend an increased intake of vegetables by children.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.568-577
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• 1997

To assess the nutritional and health status of the elderly, anthropometric measurements and blood test for analyzing biochemical indices were carried out from August to September in 1996. Data on the incidence of a specific disease and clinical symptoms were also collected by interviews with a questionnaire. Among the total of 169 free-living elderly interviewed(91 men, 78 women), 86 elderly(57 men, 29 women) participated in the anthropometric measurements, and 73 elderly(52 men, 21 women) in blood tests. Average heights and weights were much lower than the standards established in the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances. While average triceps skinfold thickness of men and women were above the 50 percentile of the reference data, mid-arm muscle circumferences were lower than the 50 percentile. Prevalences of anemia, assessed by hemoglobin using WHO definition, were 38.5% for men and 33.3% for women. Blood levels of total protein and albumin were above the normal limit for all participants. Mean blood cholesterol levels of men and women were 163.9mg/dl and 185.8mg/dl, and triglyceride levels were 138.2mg/dl and 161.9mg/dl, respectively. Women older than 75 years generally had high levels of BMI, total cholesterol and triglyceride. Health status assessed by clinical symptoms generally showed no significant difference by age, and their smoking, and drinking habits. Males and the elderly who exercised regularly had better health status. It was suggested that exercise was a good way to improve health status. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(4) : 568-577, 1997)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1100-1116
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• 1995

Nutritional and health status was assessed in the 86 healthy elderly women who aged 65 through 96 and resided in nursing home in chonbuk area. Nutritional status was determined by dietary intake, anthropometric and hematological indices and hair elements. Correlation analysis among nutritional indices were performed to identify the factors which related specifically to nutritional status of the elderly. Nutrients intake below two-thirds of the RDA were Ca, riboflavin and niacin. Especially mean Ca intake was only 51.9% of RDA and most of nutrients intake were decreased as theri age increased. Height, body weight and mid upper arm circumference were decreased with age but W/H ratio did not differ among age groups. These data suggested that body fat accumulation did not change with age but lean body mass was decreased with age in the elderly. Waist circumference was positively correlated to dietary fat intake, and body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences and total body fat were positively correlated with serum LDC/HDL ratio. It could be concluded anthropometric indices were good indicator that reflect the lipid nutritional status in elderly women. Hematological indices, Hb, RBC, MCH, albumin, globulin, transferrin levels, belonged to normal ranges of aged women. However, the lowest Hb level showed in the oldest-old group(aged 85 and over years group). The avalilavilty of hair analysis to measure nutritional status was tested. There were not found any significant correlations between many kinds of nutritional indices and hair elements except hair Zn content which was positively correlated with BMI.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2001

An analysis of anthropometric data of feet of Korean adults was made in this study. Anthropometric data were measured with the direct measurement method and indirect measurement method. Martin scales and a tapeline were used for direct measurement. Digital images taken with a digital camera as an indirect measurement method were analyzed using AutoCAD program. Total 114 adults aged from 20's to 40's participated in this study. Especially right and left feet were measured. Right and left side were compared and differences according to age were compared too. Feet shape, arch height, and deformation of toe were analyzed. The comparison between right and left foot showed that many subjects had different anthropometric data in their feet. Feet deformation including arch height and claw toe shape showed very serious status. Close and continuous attention to feet deformation is strongly needed.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 1999

Changes in nutritional and health status brought on by a two-year balanced diet were assessed with anthropometric measurements as well as hematological and lipid profiles in 56 healthy young men. Recommended dietary allowances (RDA) were adjusted with estimated daily weighted activity factor. The weighted resting energy expenditure factor of the subjects was 2.37 $\pm$ 0.05. Compared with RDA, all nutrient intakes were adequate and 56% of energy was supplied by carbohydrates, 18% by protein and 26% by fat. The vitamin and mineral intakes except vitamin B-2 were higher (26.46-129.88%) than RDA. Vitamin B-2 intake was 92.15 \ulcorner 14.16% of RDA. There was no seasonal variation on nutrient intakes. Height was increased and systolic blood pressure was decreased by balanced diet for two years. Body weight, diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were unchanged. The level of hemoglobin and hematocrit was not changed, the level of plasma protein was decreased and the level of plasma total cholesterol and albumin was increased. These results suggest that a balanced diet can increase height and complement health status achieved through vigorous exercise, even in adults, and that the level of Korean RDA for energy is adequate to maintain existing body weight.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.726-735
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• 2003

In this study, anthropometric and biochemical indicators and related factors for community dwelling elderly living alone (ELA). as well as for elderly not living alone (ENLA) were explored. The subjects were 140 elderly females (70 living alone, 70 not living alone) residing in Bucheon. Anthropometric measurements revealed significant differences between the two groups (ELA/ENLA) for height, weight, BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, suprailiac skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness, and body fat percentage. The ELA showed significantly lower data for most of the anthropometric indices, except PIBW. Biochemical indicators of iron status (hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation) were significantly lower for the ELA, whereas the total serum cholesterol, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, for the ELA were significantly higher. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (240 mg%) was 30%. The latter three are not in accordance with general malnutrition among the ELA. The hemoglobin of the ELA was positively correlated with energy, fat, iron and cholesterol intake, but negatively correlated with height. The serum cholesterol of the ELA was Positively associated with most of their nutrient intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.287-297
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• 2003

This intervention study was performed to assess the effect of spirulina on lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in elderly Koreans. The subjects were 6 male and 6 female people between the ages of 60 and 75, who were given spirulina supplements of 7.5 g/day for 24 weeks. Dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and biochemical assessment for plasma lipid levels, antioxidant status and immune function were measured before and throughout the intervention period. Before entering the study, the subjects were in relatively good health. Their nutrient intake was satisfactory, and anthropometric indices and plasma nutrient levels were within the normal range. Spirulina supplementation for 24 weeks did not affect dietary intake and anthropometric parameters. However, considerable changes were observed in blood lipid profiles, antioxidant capacity, and immune indices. The plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total- and LDL-cholesterol decreased from 4 weeks of the supplementation period. The antioxidant capacity improved, as shown in increasing TAS and decreasing TBARS after supplementation. Improved immune function was also observed as the PBL lymphocyte proliferation rate and plasma C3 levels increased. The above effects of spirulina supplementation did not differ between mild hypercholesterolemic (cholesterol $\geq$ 200mg/d1) and normochole-sterolemic (cholesterol < 200 mg/dl) subjects. This study provided evidence that spirulina could be used as dietary supplementation in nutritionally vulnerable groups to improve nutritional and health status and to prevent chronic disease such as hyperlipidemia or oxidation-prone diseases. further studies in this area with various population groups are warranted.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2003

This study was undertaken to assess nutritional status of the low income elderly residing in Gwangju. Anthropometric data showed that mean height of the subjects was lower than that of Korean Standard Growth data but weight was similar to that standard value. As the subjects became older, their heights and weights were decreased. Body mass index (BMI) in males and females were 22.9 and 24.4 respectively. However, BMI distribution showed that 56% of the elderly females under 75 were underweight. Advancing age conoibutes significant difference in triceps skinfold thickness in females (p < 0.001). Total cholesterol level was higher in the elderly females than the males. It was found that a considerable number of subjects had anemia determined by hemoglobin and hematocrit level, which indicated un iron deficiency. Twenty-four hour dietary recall revealed that, except for phosphorus and vitamin C, all the nutrient intakes of the subjects were below 75％ of Korean RDA. Surprisingly, vitamin A and riboflavin intakes of the elderly were below 50％ of Korean RDA. Energy intakes of the elderly males and females were 58.7% and 59.6% of Korean RDA respectively. Unbalanced energy ratios of carbohydrate, protein and fat were noted in both genders. Nutrient intakes of females' were lower than those of males'. Thus, there was a significant gender difference in nutrient intakes. It might be further suggested that an appropriate nutritional program should be developed and implemented to improve the Poor nutritional status of the low income elderly living in cities.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.212-221
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• 1995

This survey of 180 6th-grade students was focused owl the differences of nutritional and anthropometric status according to calorie Intakes. The results were summarized as followed : 1) All nutrient intakes of boys were higher than those of girls, and both groups had lower calcium and iron intakes compared with RDA. But all the nutrient Intakes were showed significantly different among three groups divided by percentile of calorie intake(lower 25%, 25∼75% and upper 25%), therefore it suggested that subjects had a large individual variance. 2) Mean height, weight, TSK, and blood pressure of boys were 145.5cm, 40.6kg, 19.3mm, and 114.5/68.4mmHg respectively, and girls were 148.4cm, 38.9kg, 16.7mm, 112.3/67.0mmHg. The differences in anthropometric status according calorie and calcium intake were not found. This study showed protein intake had influence on height and weight of boys.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.749-758
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• 2003

Malnutrition is a common problem in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and compromised food intake is an important cause. Malnutrition is one of the important factors influencing mortality in these patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education at improving nutritional status of 23 Korean HD patients (mean : 48.6 $\pm$ 10.4 years, men : 8, women : 15). Anthropometric indices, nutrient intakes, and biochemical blood indices were measured before and after a 6-month nutrition education intervention. Anthropometric indices such as percent ideal body weight [PIBW (%)], body fat, body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and calculated arm muscle area (CAMA) of subjects were within the normal range and not changed by nutrition education. Subjective global assessment (SGA) was significantly increased (p < 0.05) after nutrition education. Intake of total energy, carbohydrate, lipid, Ca, and vitamin B1 was increased significantly (p < 0.05) but intake of phosphorus, potassium, and sodium was decreased (p < 0.05). The serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, and Ca were significantly increased (p < 0.05), but levels of P and K were decreased (p < 0.05) after the intervention. These findings suggest that nutrition education for HD patients can be effective for positively changing nutrient intakes, leading to improvements in blood indices and nutritional status.