• Title/Summary/Keyword: anthropogenic volatile organic compounds

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Emission Characteristics of Volatile Oranic Compounds by Finishing Materials in a Newly Constructed Wooden House (신축목조주택 내 마감자재에 따른 휘발성유기화합물(VOCs)의 방산특성)

  • Lee, Hee-Young;Park, Sang-Bum;Park, Jong-Young;Lee, Sang-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2007
  • This study aimed at examining the effect of rooms decorated by eco-friendly finishing materials in a newly built wooden house on the emission of indoor air pollutions. According to the results of examination, the levels of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and styrene in all the rooms were below criteria of indoor air quality of newly-constructed houses. The levels of natural volatile organic compounds (NVOC), anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOC) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in room R1-1 which had Hwangto wall covering on it, were relatively higher than in room phytoncide wallpaper covered R2-1. The room R2-2 where bamboo charcoal panel used for wall covering showed higher level of AVOC compared to the room R1-2. Living room R1-3 was found to contain less TVOC, compared to the other four rooms. In addition, the ratio of NVOC to TVOC in the living room was higher than in the other rooms. This seemed to be attributed to Cryptomeria Japonica the living room finished material.

Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Wood-based Panels (목질제품에서 방출되는 휘발성 유기화합물 특성 연구)

  • Park, Hyun-Ju;Son, Youn-Suk;Lim, Bo-A;Kim, Jo-Chun;Park, Sang-Bum
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.616-623
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    • 2010
  • Recently, interests in indoor air quality (IAQ) have been increased; however, a number of researchers have mainly focused on anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOC) emitted from building materials. Therefore, the properties of natural VOC (NVOC) and anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) emitted from wood-based panels was investigated in this work. VOCs emitted from these panels were sampled through Tenax TA/Cabotrap and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Comparisons were made concerning TVOC, NVOC, and composition ratios of NVOC. It was revealed that TVOC emission rates of midium density fiber (MDF) were the highest. Besides, it was found that emissions of NVOC from wood-based panels were much higher than those of anthropogenic AVOC except for plywood of Oceania timber. It was also observed that the composition ratio of NVOC emitted from plywood of Pinus radiata was the highest as 65% of TVOC. Major NVOC components were monoterpene compounds such as $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, d-limonene, camphene and $\alpha$-terpinene. It was concluded that the composition rates of VOCs emitted from building materials were clearly different according to the raw materials and manufacturing methods.

Distribution characteristics on volatile organic compounds at the forest of Mt. mudeung and downtown (무등산 숲과 도심에서 휘발성유기화합물질의 분포 특성)

  • Lee, Dae-haeng;Park, Kang-soo;Lee, Se-hang;Song, Hyeong-myeong;Lee, Ki-won;Jeong, Hee-yoon;Seo, Gwang-yeob;Cho, Young-gwan;Kim, Eun-sun
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.246-254
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    • 2015
  • From 2013 to 2014, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed to determine biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) at eight sites in Mt. Mudeung and one site in downtown, by using a GC/Mass-ATD (automatic thermal desorber). The concentration of terpene noted as biogenic volatile organic compounds at Pungamjeong (PA), in a forest of Chamaecyparis obtusa, was 821 pptv, which was the highest among the eight sites. This value was followed by Wonhyogyegok (WH: 785 pptv), Norritzae (NZ, coniferous forest: 679 pptv), Dongjeokgol (DJ, mixed species forest: 513 pptv), Jangbuljae (JB, Abies koreana: 476 pptv), and Seinbongsamgerri (SS, pine trees: 464 pptv). 11~15 species of terpene was detected in the forest depending on the site. At PA in May, α-pinene showed the highest value, occupied 20% of terpene followed by coumarin, sabinene, phellandrene, myrcene, borneol, eucalyptol, β-pinene, cymene, δ-limonene, γ-terpinene, camphor, camphene, and mentol in the order. The mean concentrations of AVOCs were 0.74~2.52 ppbv in the forests and 3.14 ppbv in the downtown area. From May to July, the AVOCs ratios of the downtown to each forest were 1.9~4.0. Among 10 species of AVOCs, the sum of toluene and benzene was 2.34 ppbv and occupied 75%. In June, the ratios of toluene were 44.1% at DJ site and 53.1% at JW site (downtown). The BVOCs showed a positive correlation with the AVOCs at the forest sites (r = 0.328), which was statistically insignificant (p = 0.184).

Observation of Secondary Organic Aerosol and New Particle Formation at a Remote Site in Baengnyeong Island, Korea

  • Choi, Jinsoo;Choi, Yongjoo;Ahn, Junyoung;Park, Jinsoo;Oh, Jun;Lee, Gangwoong;Park, Taehyun;Park, Gyutae;Owen, Jeffrey S.;Lee, Taehyoung
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.300-312
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    • 2017
  • To improve the understanding of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photo-oxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic precursors at the regional background station on Baengnyeong Island, Korea, gas phase and aerosol chemistries were investigated using the Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) and the Aerodyne High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), respectively. HR-ToF-AMS measured fine particles ($PM_1$; diameter of particle matter less than $1{\mu}m$) at a 6-minute time resolution from February to November 2012, while PTR-ToF-MS was deployed during an intensive period from September 21 to 29, 2012. The one-minute time-resolution and high mass resolution (up to $4000m{\Delta}m^{-1}$) data from the PTR-ToF-MS provided the basis for calculations of the concentrations of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs). The dominant BVOCs from the site are isoprene (0.23 ppb), dimethyl sulphide (DMS, 0.20 ppb), and monoterpenes (0.38 ppb). Toluene (0.45 ppb) and benzene (0.32 ppb) accounted for the majority of anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs). OVOCs including acetone (3.98 ppb), acetaldehyde (2.67 ppb), acetic acid (1.68 ppb), and formic acid (2.24 ppb) were measured. The OVOCs comprise approximately 75% of total measured VOCs, suggesting the occurrence of strong oxidation processes and/or long-range transported at the site. A strong photochemical aging and oxidation of the atmospheric pollutants were also observed in aerosol measured by HR-ToF-AMS, whereby a high $f_{44}:f_{43}$ value is shown for organic aerosols (OAs); however, relatively low $f_{44}:f_{43}$ values were observed when high concentrations of BVOCs and AVOCs were available, providing evidence of the formation of SOA from VOC precursors at the site. Overall, the results of this study revealed several different SOA formation mechanisms, and new particle formation and particle growth events were identified using the powerful tools scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), PTR-ToF-MS, and HR-ToF-AMS.

The Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Some Important VOC Species from a Nonurban Site in Naju (대기중 휘발성유기화합물의 시간적 농도 변화에 대한 연구)

  • 김조천;김기현
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.483-488
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    • 2000
  • In this study, the distribution characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated on the seasonal basis across spring, summer, and fall during the year of 1998. According to this analysis, most VOC species investigated exhibited strong temporal trends. Over diurnal scale, there distribution characteristics were affected by seasonal factors strongly. While they showed high day/night ratio pattern during spring, the pattern was reversed during fall. When the seasonal mean values were compared between the two seasons, the spring values were systematically higher than their counterparts in most cases. In addition when our VOC measurement date were compared with those reported from elsewhere, we were able to conclude that the VOC levels in the study area are comparable to the level weakly impacted by the regional emissions of VOCs. Although our data are not sufficient enough to systematically explain the atmospheric distribution and behavior of VOCs, the findings of strong correlations among some of VOC species suggests strong need for investigating their interactions in the earth\`s atmosphere.

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Studies of Ambient BTEX Distribution Characteristics in the Nan-Ji-Do Landfill Site in Seoul (난지도를 중심으로 한 대기 중 BTEX 성분의 농도분포 특성에 대한 연구)

  • 김기현;김민영;오상인;윤중섭;이강웅
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.463-474
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    • 2001
  • In this study, the concentrations of major anthropogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) which include benzene, toluene, m, p-xylene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene were measured at the Nan-ji-do landfill site during the spring and fall season of 2000. the temporal distribution characteristics of these VOCs were investigated over varying time scale. According to our study, the mean concentration of those species were computed to be 1.65$\pm$2.68(benzene), 9.62$\pm$9.32(toluene), 1.84$\pm$2.90(m, p-xylene), 0.83$\pm$1.43(o-xylene), and 1.17$\pm$1.21 ppb(ethylbenzene). The VOCs levels in the study area are not distinctively higher than the level typically found in urban area that can be subject to the influence of various anthropogenic source processes. Inspection of their temporal trends exhibited various patterns for the diurnal(and seasonal) cycle. Although each species showed distinctive patterns in temporal distribution trends, we were able to find the strong correlations among most concurrently measured VOCs except for benzene.

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Characteristics of Diurnal Variation of Volatile Organic Compounds in Seoul, Korea during the Summer Season (서울지역 여름철 VOCs 일변동 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Jong-sung;Song, In-ho;Kim, Hyun-woong;Lim, Hyung-bae;Park, Seung-myung;Shin, Su-na;Shin, Hye-jung;Lee, Sang-bo;Kim, Jeong-su;Kim, Jeong-ho
    • Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.264-280
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    • 2018
  • In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using a proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) at the Seoul Metropolitan Area Intensive Monitoring Station (SIMS) in Korea during the summer season of 2018. The results revealed that oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) contributed a large fraction (83.6%) of the total VOCs, with methanol being the most abundant constituent (38.6%). The VOCs measured at SIMS were strongly influenced by local conditions. Non-volatile organic compounds (NVOCs), such as pinene, increased due to northeasterly wind direction in the morning, and OVOCs and anthropogenic VOCS (AVOCs) increased with northwesterly wind direction during the daytime. This was the result of the eastward location of Bukhansan National Park and the westward location of urban area from the SIMS location. The VOCs included abundant oxidized forms of VOCs, which can affect the generation of fine dust through various response pathways in the atmosphere. The real-time measurement technique using PTR-ToF-MS suggested in this study is expected to contribute to an improved scientific understanding of high-concentration fine dust events because the high temporal resolution makes it possible to analyze the variations of VOCs reflected in dynamic events.

Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds and Aldehydes Emission from Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) (백합나무 판재의 VOCs 및 Aldehydes 방출특성)

  • Lee, Min;Park, Sang-Bum;Lee, Sang-Min;Son, Dong-Won
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.357-366
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    • 2014
  • Based on fundamental properties and machining characteristics of Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), it has well performance on machinability or workability, drying, and fine surface. Additionally, yellow poplar is light weight and has bright color with high performance of bending processing, so it could be used for furniture or artworks materials and wood-based panel materials. Recently, public attention has been focused on indoor air quality, and Ministry of environment drift more tight regulation on indoor air quality for an apartment house and public facility with the times. Construction materials has been assessed emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde according to law (No.10789), so yellow poplar is also needed to assess these emission characteristics. Emission of VOC and aldehyde compounds from dry and green wood condition of yellow poplar were investigated with KS M 1998:2009. Based on results, more than 30 compounds were detected from yellow poplar, and lower NVOC (natural VOC) were emitted than AVOC (Anthropogenic VOC) and OVOC (other VOC). Formaldehyde emission was lower than $5{\mu}g/m^3$ and acetaldehyde, ketone, and propionaldehyde were detected from yellow poplar. From dry yellow poplar, m-Tolualdehyde ($33.6{\mu}g/m^3$) was additionally detected while no detection of propionaldehyde. After drying process, amount of ketone emission increased significantly. The unique smell of yellow poplar may not only come from emission of acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde.

Emission of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Trees along Streets and in Urban Parks in Tokyo, Japan

  • Matsunaga, Sou N.;Shimada, Kojiro;Masuda, Tatsuhiko;Hoshi, Junya;Sato, Sumito;Nagashima, Hiroki;Ueno, Hiroyuki
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.29-32
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    • 2017
  • Ozone concentration in Tokyo Metropolitan area is one of the most serious issues of the local air quality. Tropospheric ozone is formed by radical reaction including volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$). Reduction of the emission of reactive VOC is a key to reducing ozone concentrations. VOC is emitted from anthropogenic sources and also from vegetation (biogenic VOC or BVOC). BVOC also forms ozone through $NO_x$ and radical reactions. Especially, in urban area, the BVOC is emitted into the atmosphere with high $NO_x$ concentration. Therefore, trees bordering streets and green spaces in urban area may contribute to tropospheric ozone. On the other hand, not all trees emit BVOC which will produce ozone locally. In this study, BVOC emissions have been investigated (terpenoids: isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes) for 29 tree species. Eleven in the 29 species were tree species that did not emit BVOCs. Three in 12 cultivars for future planting (25 %) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOCs. Eight in 17 commonly planted trees (47%) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOC. Lower-emitting species have many advantages for urban planting. Therefore, further investigation is required to find the species which do not emit terpenoid BVOC. Emission of reactive BVOC should be added into guideline for the urban planting to prevent the creation of sources of ozone. It is desirable that species with no reactive BVOC emission are planted along urban streets and green areas in urban areas, such as Tokyo.

Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) Concentrations in Jinju (진주시 대기중 휘발성 유기화합물의 농도특성 기초조사)

  • Park, Jeong-Ho;Park, Hyung-Gun;Suh, Jeong-Min
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 2013
  • In order to study the seasonal patterns and possible origins of air concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOC), measurements were taken with GC-MS at 3 sampling sites in Jinju for 12 months from Mar. 2010 to Feb. 2011. Atmospheric VOC are sampled on tubes containing solid adsorbents(Tenax TA) with a time resolution of 2hrs. Composition and concentration of VOC are analysed with a GC system equipped with thermal desorption apparatus(ATD). The most abundant compound appeared to be Toluene, Ethylbenzene and m,p-Xylene. The mean concentrations of Benzene were 0.20 ppb at GN site, 0.18 ppb at DA site, and 0.25 ppb at SP site, respectively. VOC concentration showed a strong seasonal variation, with higher concentrations during the spring and lower concentrations during the summer. The results showed that monthly fluctuations in measured VOC concentrations depended on variations in the strength of sources, as well as on photochemical activity and meteorological conditions. In Jinju, the total VOC emissions for 2009 were estimated to be 4,407 ton/year by Clean Air Policy Support System(CAPSS). It is shown that solvent use 57.5%(2,534 ton/yr), waste treatment and disposal 23.3%(1,025 ton/yr), and mobil source-road traffic 12.2%(537 ton/yr) are the most significant anthropogenic source.