• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2007

본 연구는 목재를 이용하여 축조한 주택에 친환경마감재를 달리하여 조성한 후 실험실의 실내오염물질 방산 저감에 미치는 영향에 대해 검토하고자 하였다. 측정 결과 모든 시험실에서 벤젠, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠 및 스티렌의 함량이 신축 공동주택의 실내공기질 권고기준치 이하로 나타났다. 실험실 R1-1과 R2-1에서 다른 종류의 벽지를 사용함에 따른 차이를 본 결과, 황토 벽지를 사용한 R1-1에서 상대적으로 높은 자연적인 VOCs (Natural VOCs)값을 얻었으며, 인위적인 VOCs (Anthropogenic VOC) 및 총 VOCs (Total VOCs)의 함량도 높게 나타났다. 실험실 R1-2와 R2-2에서 대나무숯 패널의 유무에 따른 방산특성을 비교한 결과 대나무숯 패널을 설치한 시험실에서 AVOC 함량이 높게 나타났는데 이것은 패널부착 시 사용된 접착제에 일부 영향을 받은 것으로 판단된다. 시험실 R1-3(거실)은 나머지 4곳의 시험실(침실)에 비해 낮은 TVOC 함량을 나타내었고, 다른 시험실과 비교하였을 때 TVOC에 대한 NVOC의 구성비륭이 높은 것으로 보아 마감자재로 사용한 편백의 영향을 받은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.616-623
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• 2010

Recently, interests in indoor air quality (IAQ) have been increased; however, a number of researchers have mainly focused on anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOC) emitted from building materials. Therefore, the properties of natural VOC (NVOC) and anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) emitted from wood-based panels was investigated in this work. VOCs emitted from these panels were sampled through Tenax TA/Cabotrap and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Comparisons were made concerning TVOC, NVOC, and composition ratios of NVOC. It was revealed that TVOC emission rates of midium density fiber (MDF) were the highest. Besides, it was found that emissions of NVOC from wood-based panels were much higher than those of anthropogenic AVOC except for plywood of Oceania timber. It was also observed that the composition ratio of NVOC emitted from plywood of Pinus radiata was the highest as 65% of TVOC. Major NVOC components were monoterpene compounds such as $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, d-limonene, camphene and $\alpha$-terpinene. It was concluded that the composition rates of VOCs emitted from building materials were clearly different according to the raw materials and manufacturing methods.

• 분석과학
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2015

무등산 탐방로 8개 지점과 도심 1개 지점에서 2013~2014년에 자연 기원 휘발성유기화합물질 (BVOCs)과 인위적인 휘발성유기화합물질 (AVOCs)의 분포특성을 GC-MSD를 사용하여 조사하였다. 자연기원 휘발성유기화합물인 테르펜 발생량은 편백숲인 PA 지점이 821 pptv으로 가장 높았고, WH 지점이 785 pptv, NZ 지점이 679 pptv, DJ 지점이 513 pptv, JB 지점이 476 pptv, SS 지점이 464 pptv 순으로 조사되었다. 테르펜은 지점별로 11~15 종이 검출되었는데, 5월에 PA 지점에서는 α-pinene이 20%로 가장 높고, coumarin, sabinene, phellandrene, myrcene, borneol, eucalyptol, β-pinene, cymene, δ-limonene, γ-terpinene, camphor, camphene, mentol 순이었다. 인위적인 휘발성유기화합물질(AVOCs)은 5~7월에 숲 8개 지점에서 0.74~2.52 ppbv 이었고, 도심(JW 지점)에서는 3.14 ppbv로 나타나 도심/산림 비율은 1.9~4.0로 도심지역이 높았다. JW 지점에서 벤젠과 톨루엔만 합한 농도는 평균 2.37 ppbv로 AVOCs 10항목 전체의 75%를 차지했다. 6월 중 AVOCs 종별 분포조사 결과, 숲인 DJ 지점에서 toluene이 44.1%로 가장 많았고, 도심인 JW 지점에서도 toluene이 53.1%로 가장 많았다. 또한, 숲에서 AVOCs와 BVOCs 농도의 상관성 분석 결과, 양의 상관계수가 0.328이나 유의인자(p)는 0.184로서 통계적으로 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타나 숲에서의 AVOCs는 도심에서 영향을 받은 것으로 추정된다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.300-312
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• 2017

To improve the understanding of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photo-oxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic precursors at the regional background station on Baengnyeong Island, Korea, gas phase and aerosol chemistries were investigated using the Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) and the Aerodyne High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), respectively. HR-ToF-AMS measured fine particles ($PM_1$; diameter of particle matter less than $1{\mu}m$) at a 6-minute time resolution from February to November 2012, while PTR-ToF-MS was deployed during an intensive period from September 21 to 29, 2012. The one-minute time-resolution and high mass resolution (up to $4000m{\Delta}m^{-1}$) data from the PTR-ToF-MS provided the basis for calculations of the concentrations of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs). The dominant BVOCs from the site are isoprene (0.23 ppb), dimethyl sulphide (DMS, 0.20 ppb), and monoterpenes (0.38 ppb). Toluene (0.45 ppb) and benzene (0.32 ppb) accounted for the majority of anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs). OVOCs including acetone (3.98 ppb), acetaldehyde (2.67 ppb), acetic acid (1.68 ppb), and formic acid (2.24 ppb) were measured. The OVOCs comprise approximately 75% of total measured VOCs, suggesting the occurrence of strong oxidation processes and/or long-range transported at the site. A strong photochemical aging and oxidation of the atmospheric pollutants were also observed in aerosol measured by HR-ToF-AMS, whereby a high $f_{44}:f_{43}$ value is shown for organic aerosols (OAs); however, relatively low $f_{44}:f_{43}$ values were observed when high concentrations of BVOCs and AVOCs were available, providing evidence of the formation of SOA from VOC precursors at the site. Overall, the results of this study revealed several different SOA formation mechanisms, and new particle formation and particle growth events were identified using the powerful tools scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), PTR-ToF-MS, and HR-ToF-AMS.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2000

In this study, the distribution characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated on the seasonal basis across spring, summer, and fall during the year of 1998. According to this analysis, most VOC species investigated exhibited strong temporal trends. Over diurnal scale, there distribution characteristics were affected by seasonal factors strongly. While they showed high day/night ratio pattern during spring, the pattern was reversed during fall. When the seasonal mean values were compared between the two seasons, the spring values were systematically higher than their counterparts in most cases. In addition when our VOC measurement date were compared with those reported from elsewhere, we were able to conclude that the VOC levels in the study area are comparable to the level weakly impacted by the regional emissions of VOCs. Although our data are not sufficient enough to systematically explain the atmospheric distribution and behavior of VOCs, the findings of strong correlations among some of VOC species suggests strong need for investigating their interactions in the earth\`s atmosphere.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2001

In this study, the concentrations of major anthropogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) which include benzene, toluene, m, p-xylene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene were measured at the Nan-ji-do landfill site during the spring and fall season of 2000. the temporal distribution characteristics of these VOCs were investigated over varying time scale. According to our study, the mean concentration of those species were computed to be 1.65$\pm$2.68(benzene), 9.62$\pm$9.32(toluene), 1.84$\pm$2.90(m, p-xylene), 0.83$\pm$1.43(o-xylene), and 1.17$\pm$1.21 ppb(ethylbenzene). The VOCs levels in the study area are not distinctively higher than the level typically found in urban area that can be subject to the influence of various anthropogenic source processes. Inspection of their temporal trends exhibited various patterns for the diurnal(and seasonal) cycle. Although each species showed distinctive patterns in temporal distribution trends, we were able to find the strong correlations among most concurrently measured VOCs except for benzene.

• 환경분석과 독성보건
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.264-280
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• 2018

In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using a proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) at the Seoul Metropolitan Area Intensive Monitoring Station (SIMS) in Korea during the summer season of 2018. The results revealed that oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) contributed a large fraction (83.6%) of the total VOCs, with methanol being the most abundant constituent (38.6%). The VOCs measured at SIMS were strongly influenced by local conditions. Non-volatile organic compounds (NVOCs), such as pinene, increased due to northeasterly wind direction in the morning, and OVOCs and anthropogenic VOCS (AVOCs) increased with northwesterly wind direction during the daytime. This was the result of the eastward location of Bukhansan National Park and the westward location of urban area from the SIMS location. The VOCs included abundant oxidized forms of VOCs, which can affect the generation of fine dust through various response pathways in the atmosphere. The real-time measurement technique using PTR-ToF-MS suggested in this study is expected to contribute to an improved scientific understanding of high-concentration fine dust events because the high temporal resolution makes it possible to analyze the variations of VOCs reflected in dynamic events.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2014

백합나무 판재를 벽판재로 이용하기 위해 백합나무의 생재와 건조재에 대한 휘발성유기화합물(VOCs)과 알데히드류 방출 특성을 검토하였다. VOCs 및 formaldehyde를 포함한 aldehyde류의 방출량 측정은 다중이용시설 등의 실내공기질 관리법에 공시된 20 ${\ell}$ Chamber법에 따라 실시하였다. 백합나무의 생재 및 건조재에서는 30여 가지 이상의 VOCs가 검출되었다. 백합나무의 Total VOC 구성 비율 가운데 천연VOC (NVOC)의 비율은 11.1%로 다른 침엽수종과 비교하여 낮게 나타났다. 백합나무의 aldehyde류 분석 결과, 심재 및 변재에서 같은 3종(acetaldehyde, ketone, propionaldehyde)이 검출되었으며, formaldehyde의 방출량은 $4.01{\mu}g/m^3$ 이하로 나타났다. m-Tolualdehyde의 경우 백합나무 건조재의 심재에서만 $33.6{\mu}g/m^3$의 방출량을 보였으며, 심재와 변재 모두 ketone의 방출량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 백합나무 특유의 역한 냄새는 acetaldehyde와 propionaldehyde와 기타 VOCs에 의한 것으로 추정된다. 건조한 백합나무에서는 휘발성이 강한 ketone의 방출량이 증가하였다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2017

Ozone concentration in Tokyo Metropolitan area is one of the most serious issues of the local air quality. Tropospheric ozone is formed by radical reaction including volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$). Reduction of the emission of reactive VOC is a key to reducing ozone concentrations. VOC is emitted from anthropogenic sources and also from vegetation (biogenic VOC or BVOC). BVOC also forms ozone through $NO_x$ and radical reactions. Especially, in urban area, the BVOC is emitted into the atmosphere with high $NO_x$ concentration. Therefore, trees bordering streets and green spaces in urban area may contribute to tropospheric ozone. On the other hand, not all trees emit BVOC which will produce ozone locally. In this study, BVOC emissions have been investigated (terpenoids: isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes) for 29 tree species. Eleven in the 29 species were tree species that did not emit BVOCs. Three in 12 cultivars for future planting (25 %) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOCs. Eight in 17 commonly planted trees (47%) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOC. Lower-emitting species have many advantages for urban planting. Therefore, further investigation is required to find the species which do not emit terpenoid BVOC. Emission of reactive BVOC should be added into guideline for the urban planting to prevent the creation of sources of ozone. It is desirable that species with no reactive BVOC emission are planted along urban streets and green areas in urban areas, such as Tokyo.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

In order to study the seasonal patterns and possible origins of air concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOC), measurements were taken with GC-MS at 3 sampling sites in Jinju for 12 months from Mar. 2010 to Feb. 2011. Atmospheric VOC are sampled on tubes containing solid adsorbents(Tenax TA) with a time resolution of 2hrs. Composition and concentration of VOC are analysed with a GC system equipped with thermal desorption apparatus(ATD). The most abundant compound appeared to be Toluene, Ethylbenzene and m,p-Xylene. The mean concentrations of Benzene were 0.20 ppb at GN site, 0.18 ppb at DA site, and 0.25 ppb at SP site, respectively. VOC concentration showed a strong seasonal variation, with higher concentrations during the spring and lower concentrations during the summer. The results showed that monthly fluctuations in measured VOC concentrations depended on variations in the strength of sources, as well as on photochemical activity and meteorological conditions. In Jinju, the total VOC emissions for 2009 were estimated to be 4,407 ton/year by Clean Air Policy Support System(CAPSS). It is shown that solvent use 57.5%(2,534 ton/yr), waste treatment and disposal 23.3%(1,025 ton/yr), and mobil source-road traffic 12.2%(537 ton/yr) are the most significant anthropogenic source.