• Title/Summary/Keyword: anthraquinone

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Action of Anthraquinone on Sodium-Potassium activated -ATPase in Rabbit Red Cell Membrane- (Anthraquinone이 토끼 적혈주막의 NaK ATPase웨 활성도에 대한 작용)

  • Koh, Il-Sup
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 1977
  • Action of anthraquinone on the sodium plus potassium activated ATPase activity in the rabbit red cell membrane has been investigated and the experiments were also designed to determine the mechanism of action of anthraquinone on the ATPase activity. The following results were obtained 1. The activity of the NaK ATPase from red cell membrane is inhibited by anthraquinone and the concentration of anthraquinone for maximal inhibition is about 5mM. 2. The ratio of inhibition of NaK ATPase by anthraquinone, with a giving concentration of sodium in the medium, is increased by raising the potassium concentration. 3. The ratio of inhibition of NaK ATPase by anthraquinone, with a given concentration of potassium in the medium, is increased by raising the sodium concentration. 4. The action of anthraquinone on the NaK ATPase activity is inhibited by calcium ions and the ratio of inhibition is increased by small amounts of calcium but almost constant by larger amounts. 5. The inhibitory action of anthraquinone on the NaK ATPase activity was not related to the amino group of lysine, the hydroxyl group of threonine or the imidazole group of histidine. 6. The inhibitory action of anthraquinone on the ATPase activity is due to sulfhydryl group or the carboxyl group of the enzyme of NaK ATPase.

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Soda-Anthraquinone Pulping and Alkaline Sulfite-Anthraquinone Pulping of Rice-Straw (볏짚을 이용한 소다-안트라퀴논 펄프 및 알칼리성 아황산염-안트라퀴논 펄프 제조)

  • 강진하;박성철;박성종
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.34-42
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    • 1997
  • This study was carried out to investigate the proper cooking conditions of soda-anthraquinone and alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone pulping of rice-straw, and get basic data f9r the use of rice-straw chemical pulp through the test of characteristics and physical properties of pulps made in the various cooking conditions From the experimental results , we can conclude as follows. In the soda-anthraquinone pulping of rice-straw, the optimum cooking conditions were 60 min. at $150^{\circ}C$ in the amount of caustic soda of 20% with the addition of anthraquinone(0.05%). And total yield, Kappa No. and brightness of pulp made in the condition above mentioned were 41.9%, 7.7 and 51.1 respectively. In the alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone pulping of rice-straw, the proper mixing ratio of cooking chemical(caustic soda : sodium sulfite) was 50:50. And the optimum cooking conditions were 60 min. at $150^{\circ}C$ in the amount of cooking chemical of 20% with the addition of anthraquinone(0.05%). At that time, the total yield, Kappa No, and brightness of pulp were 50.1%, 9.1 and 40.2 respectively. As a result, the alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone pulping was superior to the soda-anthraquinone pulping in the aspect of yield, but inferior in the viewpoints of Kappa No. and brightness. For the comparison of qualities of pulps made in the various cooking methods and conditions, the physical properties of four sorts of pulps were tested. As a result, soda-anthraquinone pulps were superior to alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone pulps in the various strengths excluding tear strength and brightness. On the other hand, pulps made in the condition of addition of cooking chemical of 20% were superior to pulps in the dosage of 15% in the aspects of all the strengths and brightness.

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New 2-methyl Anthraquinone Synthesis Approach and Application in Soda-anthraquinone (AQ) Pulping

  • Shin Soo-Jeong;Francis Raymond C.;Omori Shigetoshi
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.37 no.5 s.113
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    • pp.35-40
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    • 2005
  • We tried to synthesize the 2-methyl anthraquinone (2-MAQ) with reaction between phthalic anhydride and toluene instead of using 2-methyl phthalic anhydride and benzene. This process didn't generate significant of amount of 1-methyl anthraquinone (l-MAQ) as byproduct. The other advantage of this pathway is using less toxic toluene instead of benzene known as carcinogen. 2-MAQ synthesized this pathway was as effective as reagent grade from commercial available based on soda-anthraquinone(AQ) pulping results.

2-(1-Aminoacetyloxyalkyl)-1,4-Dihydroxy-9,10-Anthraquinone Derivatives: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity (2-(1-아미노아세칠옥시알킬)-1,4-디하이드록시-9,10-안트라퀴논 유도체의 합성 및 세포독성 평가)

  • 신동진;유영제;안병준
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.133-139
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    • 2001
  • To improve water solubility of 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone moiety, 23 of 2-(1-aminoacetylalkyl)-1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone derivatives, which contain nitrogen atom, were synthesized. Of the synthesized compounds, 18 compounds were more cytotoxic on L1210 cells than 2-(1-acetyloxyalkyl)-1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone as comparative structure. This result might be due to the increased hydrophilicity of the compounds.

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Anthraquinone Productivity by the Cultures of Adventitious Roots and Hairy Roots from Curled Dock (Rumex crispus) (소리쟁이 (Rumex crispus)의 부정근과 모상근 배양에 의한 Anthraquinone 생산성)

  • 장석원;김인현;한태진
    • Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 1999
  • In order to survey anthraquinone productivity from in vitro root culture, transformed hairy roots of Rumex crispus were induced from leaf segments by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain $A_4$ and compared with adventitious roots. The optimum condition of adventitious root formation from leaf segments was 5 $\mu$M NAA added to MS medium. Mannopine was detected in the extract of hairy roots by paper electrophoresis, but not in adventitious roots. Secondary root tips of both adventitious roots and hairy roots elongated without lateral root branching in hormone free MS medium, but primary root tips showed more rapid growth with extensive lateral root branching. MS basal medium was the best for growth of the adventious roots and hairy roots for anthraquinone content. Adventitious root tips and hairy root tips cultured in liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.05 $\mu$M NAA and 0.1 $\mu$M kinetin (contained 5% sucrose) showed the maximal growth and anthraquinone content. Anthraquinone content of hairy roots was increased by the culture periods, but was reduced after 25 days of culture.

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Anthraquinone Production in Transformed Roots of Rheum undulatum L. (대황의 형질전환된 뿌리로 부터 anthraquinone의 생산)

  • Hwang, Sung-Jin;Pyo, Byoung-Sik;Chae, Ho-Zoon;Hwang, Baik
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.88-92
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    • 2002
  • The production of anthraquinone has been dectected in transformed roots of Rheum undulatum L. The effects of medium, initial pH, concentration of sucrose, light irradiation and elicitors on anthraquinone production in transformed roots of Rheum undulatum L. were investigated. The maximum production of anthaquinone was achieved in WPM medium (pH 5.7) supplemented with 6% sucrose, 0.5 mg/l $GA_3$, and 50 mg/l chitosan at 16h light $(16{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1})$ condition. Under the optimum conditions, the production of anthraquinone reached to 0.18 mg/g(F.W.) after 8 weeks. The content was estimated about 1.3 times of the level of native roots.

$Cu^{2+}$-Anthraquinone Complexes : Formation, Interaction with DNA, and Biological Activity

  • Ko, Thong-Sung;Maeng, Hack-Young;Park, Mi-Kyeong;Park, Il-Hyun;Park, In-Sang;Kim, Byoung-Sun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.364-368
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    • 1994
  • Growth inhibition potency of the anthraquinones, anthraquinone-1,5-disulfonic acid and carminic acid, for Sarcoma 180 and L1210 leukemia cells in vivo and in vitro, was induced by the divalent transition metal ion, $Cu^{2+}$. On the other hand spectroscopic titration data show that the anthraquinone drugs form $Cu2^+$ chelate complexes (carminic acid : $Cu^{2+}$ = 1 : 6; anthraquinone-1,5-disulfonic acid : $Cu^{2+}$ = 1 : 3). Furthermore the $Cu^{2+}$-drug complexes associate with DNA to form the $Cu^{2+}$-anthraquinone-DNA ternary complexes. The formation of the complexes was further supported by the $H_2O_2-dependent$ DNA degradation, which can be inhibited by ethidium bromide, caused by the $Cu^{2+}$-drug complexes. It is likely that the $Cu^{2+}$-mediated cytotoxicity of the anthraquinone drugs is related with the $Cu^{2+}-mediated$ binding of the anthraquinone drugs to DNA and DNA degradation.

Study of Substitution Effect of Anthraquinone by SERS Spectroscopy

  • Lee, Chul-Jae;Kang, Jae-Soo;Park, Yong-Tae;Rezaul, Karim Mohammad;Lee, Mu-Sang
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.25 no.12
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    • pp.1779-1783
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    • 2004
  • In the present study, we carried out comparative research on the anthraquinones Raman spectrum and on the anthraquinones derivative 1,4-diamino-anthraquinone focusing on change in its intermediate in terms of pH and change in the substituent. WE use the SERS method and employ a silver sol prepared by Creighton et al.'s method. From the analysis of the UV spectrum of the mixture solution of 1,4-diamino-anthraquinone and silver sol, we could see that the 1,4-diamino-anthraquinone physically adsorbs silver sol. In terms of the adsorbing orientation, the adsorption of the nitrogen atom in the amino group is perpendicular to the surface of silver sol according to the surface selection rule. From the structure of the 1,4-diamino-anthraquinone intermediate according to the change of pH, we could see that the C=O bond is strengthened in the acidic state and weakened in the neutral and the alkaline state because of the resonance effect of the amines.

Pharmaco-Constituents of Korean Cultivated Rhubarb Leaves -The Anthraquinones from Leaves- (한국산 재배대황엽의 약효성분 -엽의 안트라퀴논-)

  • Ham, In-Hye;Kim, Il-Hyuk
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.410-417
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    • 1994
  • As one of the studies for Korean cultivated Rhubarb, which has been used stomachic bitter, laxative and purgative, etc, MeOH extract of the leaves was fractionated with ether, ethylacetate. From the ether fraction of MeOH extract, two anthraquinone derivatives, 1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl anthraquinone(emodin, $C_{15}H_{10}O_5$), 1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl anthraquinone (citrerosein, $C_{15}H_{10}O_6$) and from the ethyl acetate fraction of MeOH extract, one anthraquinone derivative, emodin-8-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside$(C_{21}H_{20}O_{10})$ were isolated and identified through the physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic evidences(UV, IR, NMR, Mass), respectively.

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Anthraquinone and Stibene Derivatives from the Cultivated Korean Rubbarb Rhizomes

  • Ko, Sung-Kwon;Whang, Wan-Kyunn;Kim, Il-Hyuk
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.282-288
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    • 1995
  • The sutdies were carried out to evaluate the consituents in the rihzomes of the cultivated Korean Rhubarb (Polygonaceae). From the acetone fraction ofl methanol extract Compound I (1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methyl anthraquinone, chrysophanic acid), Compound II($chrysophanol-8-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$), Compound III ($emodin-8-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$) and Compound IV ($aloe-emodin-8-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$), and from the ether fraction Compound V(1, 8-dihydorxy-3-emthyl-6-methoxy anthraquinone, physcion) and Compound VI (1, 6, 8-thitydroxy-3-emthyl anthrauinone, emodin), and also from the n-buthanol fraction Compound VII ($rhapontigenin-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside, rhaponticin$) and Compound VIII ($piceatannol-3'-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$), were isolated and identified on the basis of their physico-chemical and spectroscopic evidences (UV, IR, H-NMR, C-NMR, EI-MS), respectively.

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