• 분석과학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2009

조리 어패류 중 8종의 PAHs 실태파악을 위하여 어류 168건, 패류 40건을 분석하였다. 시료를 알칼리분해하여 n-hexane으로 추출하고 세척한 후 Sep-Pak Florisil Cartridge로 정제하여 HPLC/FLD로 정량 분석하였다. 각각의 PAHs에 대한 회수율은 약 88~112%였다. 조리어류에서 개별 PAH 평균 농도는 benzo(a)anthracene 불검출, chrysene 불검출, benzo(b)fluoranthene $0.0009{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(k)fluoranthene 불검출, benzo(a)pyrene $0.01{\mu}g/kg$, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 불검출, benzo(g,h,i)perylene 불검출, indeno(1,2,3-c,d) pyrene 불검출이었다. 조리패류에서 개별 PAH 평균 농도는 benzo(a)anthracene $1.84{\mu}g/kg$, chrysene $3.51{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(b)fluoranthene $0.81{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(k)fluoranthene $0.38{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(a)pyrene $0.39{\mu}g/kg$, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene $0.04{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(g,h,i)perylene $0.20{\mu}g/kg$, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene 불검출이었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1453-1455
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• 2006

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1951-1955
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• 2010

A new blue light emitting anthracene derivative, 9,10-bis-(9',9'-diethyl-7'-t-butyl-fluoren-2'-yl)anthracene (BETF), has been designed and synthesized by a palladium catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling. A theoretical calculation of the three-dimensional structure of BETF supports that it has a non coplanar structure and inhibited intermolecular interactions resulting in high luminescent efficiency and high color purity. BETF has good thermal stability with glass-transition temperature (Tg) of $131^{\circ}C$. The PL maximum of BETF in solution and film were 438 nm and 440 nm, respectively, showing pure blue emission. A multilayer device using BETF as emitting material exhibits maximum luminescence efficiency of 2.2 cd/A and a pure blue emission (Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of x = 0.15, y = 0.10).

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 1999

New electroluminescent materials base on anthracene chromophore, [9.10-bis(${\alpha}$-naph -thylethenyl) anthracene (${\alpha}$-BNA)] were newly synthesized. The anthracene derivatives with bulky substituent possessed high melting point and they gave stable amorphous films through vacuum - sublimation methods. Three types of electroluminescent devices were fabricated with double layer and triple layer structure : ITO/TPD/emission layer/MgAg, ITO/emission layer/ OXD-7 and ITO/ TPD/ emission layer/OXD-7/MgAg, respectively. In three types of devices with the emissive layer of ${\alpha}$-BNA, efficient orange electroluminescence was observed. In the triple layer device whit a emitting layer of 20 nm thickness , maximum luminance was about 10000 cd/ $m^2$ at an applied voltage of 10v and maximum external quantum efficiency was 1.0%.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.102-112
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• 1998

The fate of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAMs) in soil has drawn increasing concern due to their toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects. These compounds have been most commonly carried into the soil in solvent, as in a coal tar or cresote. This study has been focused on the applicability of microwave treatment of soils contaminated by PAHs. Studies have been conducted with soil(particle diameter $150~500{\mu}m$), which was spiked with naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, anthracene and pyrene, with different moisture contents. According to the results of the research, up to 95% removal efficiency of naphthalene was observed in 10% moisturized soil for five minutes microwave inducing And the removal efficiency of acenaphthene and fluorene were observed to be 88.9%, 67.2% in 30% moisturized soil, respectively. Due to the low vapor pressure, anthracene and pyrene showed the low removal efficiency. In case the powdered activated carbon was added to the soil as a sensitizer, anthracene and pyrene were decomposed into a various by-products. Decomposition rates of anthracene and pyrene were increased with incresing addition of a PAC to the soil. It is concluded that the developement of a microwave process to remediate soils contaminated with PAHs is foreseeable. But additional studies are also needed regarding continuous microwave heating process.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.302-302
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• 2011

Fabrications of metal-organic hybrid networks attracted much attention due to possible applications in gas storages, heterogeneous catalyses, information storages, and opto-electronic devices. One way to construct three-dimensional hybrid structures is to make the arrays of planar or linear metal-organic hybrid structures which are linked through electrostatic interactions. As a model study, we fabricated the arrays of one-dimensional hybrid chains and investigated inter-chain interactions between adjacent hybrid chains using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) on Ag(111). Brominated anthracene molecules were used to grow the arrays of hybrid chains on Ag(111). We proposed atomic models for the observed structures. Linear chains are made of repetition of Ag-anthracene units. Br atoms are attached to anthracene molecules through Br-H structures which mediate inter-chain interactions. Two different apparent heights were observed in anthracene molecules. Molecules having a Br-H connection look brighter than those with two connections due to electronic effect. When a chain is laterally manipulated with STM tip, Br atoms move together with the chain implying that Br-H inter-chain interactions are quite strong.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.341-350
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• 1996

We determined 6 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) fluranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene). A total of 129 samples has been collected from September 1990 to September 1994 on 2 different types of filters (quartz fiber filter, glass fiber filter) by a PM-10 high volume air sampler at the Kyung Hee University-Suwon campus. The organic components in the PM-10 were extracted by an ultrasonication process with benzene:ethanol(4:1, v/v) prior to the analysis by using a GC/FID. We had also investigated the decaying quantity of 6PAHs at the room temperature. For example, chrysene was decayed by 56.7% after 4 days and benzo(a)anthracene by 84.2% after 30 days. All of PAHs were almost completely decayed after a year. We extensively estimated the decay rates by regression analyses for existing 18 raw data sets. Based on the decay rate constants $(\beta)$, pyrene was rapidly decayed by 19.0 $\times 10^{-2}$/day; on the other hand, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene slowly by 0.7 $\times 10^{-2}$/day. Applying the decay rates of PAHs on stored and dated samples, we could reasonably determine annual and seasonal concentration average of PAHs in particulate matters smaller than 10 $\mu$m.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2003

Recent industrial society has human widely exposed to PAHs (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) that are comming from the incomplete combustion of organic material as wider spread environmental contaminants. Biological activities of PAHs are not known although PAHs are considered as carcinogens. Our laboratory have been studied the effect of PAHs in the mouse liver hepa 1 cells. In this study, we examined the mouse liver hepa-l cells as a new bioassay system to evaluate bioactivity of PAHs. We have selected 13 PAHs to examine bioassay using cyp1a1-luciferase reporter gene expression system where cyp1a1 1.6 Kb 5flanking region DNA was cloned in front of luciferase reporter gene and this plasmid was transfected into hepa 1 cells transiently. This cells then used for the study to observe the effect of PAHs. We demonstrated that PAHs induced the CYP1A1 promoter and 7-ethoxyresolufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities in a concentration-dependant manner. Some of PAHs showed stronger stimulatory effect on CYP1 gene expression than TCDD. Acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorine, naphthalene, pyrene, phenanthrene, carbazole were weak responders to cyp1a1 promoter activity stimulation and EROD induction in hepa 1 cells and these chemicals seemed to respond less to EROD than cyp1a1 promoter activity. Benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene showed strong response to cyp1a1 promoter activity stimulation and also EROD induction in hepa 1cells. Results of dose response study suggested that four strong responding PAHs, such as benzo(a)anthracene benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, and dibenzo(a, h)anthracene might be mediated through arylhydrocarbon receptor system in hepa1 cells.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.672-681
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• 2009

A series of inert and photo-stable Er(III)-encapsulated complexes based on ${\pi}$-extended dendritic anthracene ligands bearing G3-aryl-ether dendron ([G3-AnX]-$CO_2H$), which retain different ${\pi}$-bridging systems, such as single (X= S), double (X= D) and triple (X= T) bonds was designed and synthesized to establish the structure-property relationship. The near infrared emission intensities of Er(III)-encapsulated complexes were enhanced dramatically by increasing the ${\pi}$-conjugated extension of anthracene ligands. The time-resolved luminescence spectra show monoexponential decays with a lifetime of $2.0{\sim}2.4ms$ for $Er^{3+}$ ions in thin films, and calculated intrinsic quantum yields of $Er^{3+}$ ions are in the range of $0.025{\sim}0.03%$. As a result, all Er(III)-encapsulated dendrimer complexes exhibit the near IR emission with the following order: $Er^{3+}-[G3-AnD]_3$(terpy) > $Er^{3+}-[G3-AnS]_3$(terpy) ${\approx}$ $Er^{3+}-[G3-AnT]_3$(terpy), because $Er^{3+}-[G3-AnD]_3$(terpy) has a higher relatively spectral overlap J value and energy transfer efficiency. In addition, the lack of detectable phosphorescence and no significant spectral dependence of the ${\pi}$-extended anthracene moieties on the solvent polarity support energy transfer from their singlet state to the central $Er^{3+}$ ion taking place in $Er^{3+}-[G3-AnX]_3$(terpy).

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2004

Determination of some PAHs in ambient air at Ulsan have been carried out by collection of the components into n-hexane followed by synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. 10 PAHs, such as acenaphthene (Ace), anthracene (Anth), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFt), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFt) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), chrysene (Chry), phenanthrene (Phen), fluoranthene (Ft), perlyrene (Per), and pyrene (Pyr) in air samples were able to determine separately by synchronous spectrofluorimetry. Calibration curves for those components were linear for the concentration range of 0.2∼166ppb PAHs with the correlation factor of 0.9985∼0.9999. The predominant contribution was phenanthrene which was included 36.9∼85.1% to the overall level of the 10 PAHs in some areas. Also benzo[a]pyrene which was known to carcinogenicity was detected from 6.4 to 55.8ng/㎥, benzo[a]anthracene of some areas was contained from 21.9∼153ng/㎥.