• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.44-59
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• 1985

The epithelium of the hindgut in the german cockroach, Blattella germanica Linne, was observed with electron microscope. The epithelium of the ileum, which is located at the anterior hindgut, is composed of a single layer of squamous and cuboidal cells. The liminal surface of the epithelium is lined with the cuticular intima. The epithelial cells contain cell organelles expected to be found in absorptive cells, and some epithelial cells have numerous lamelated crystals, the "spherites". The rectal epithelium of posterior hindgut is composed of rectal pads which are covered with cuticular intima on the luminal side. The rectal pads are composed of columnar absorptive cells and basal cells. The apical plasma membrane of columnar cell is made of microvilli, where mitochondria associated with some of the microvilli. The lateral plasma membrane is highly infolded and space is an uniform width of approximately 200$\\AA$. Well developed mitochondria are found closely associated with the infoldings and this is referred to as the "mitochondrial-scalariform complex". A septate junction is found near the apical zone between the columnar absorptive cells, whereas many desmosomes and intercellular spaces are formed between the columnar cells. Basal cells are bowl-shaped where the convex surface is inlaid into the basal surface of the columnar cells while the concave surface faces the basal lamina. The cytoplasm of the basal cell is electron dense and contains well developed cell organelles. The basal sheath is located between the basal membrane and basal lamina, providing barrier between the epithelium and the hemolymph. The epithelium is surrounded by the subepithelial space and muscles. The subepithelial space, which is composed of fibrous connective tissue, is innervated by many tracheoles and axons.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the pattern of displaced bucket-handle tear of lateral and medial menisci and the treatment modality and results from accompanying injury. Materials and Methods : Patients who were diagnosed for displaced bucket-handle tear of medial meniscus (group I: 52patients, 52cases) and lateral meniscus (group II: 31patients, 32cases) from September 1998 to December 2002. The mean ages were 25years $(16\~66)$ for Group I and 29years $(18\~63)$ for Group II, and the average follow-up period were 18months $(12\~44)$ and 13months $(6\~46)$, respectively. The zone of meniscus tear and the existence of accompanying injury were verified through intraoperative arthroscopy and discoid type meniscus was additionally examined for group II. The assessment was made according to the physical examination and clinical pattern at the postoperative last follow-up, and the 2nd look arthroscopy was performed in 19cases $(23\%)$ for the cases accompanying anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in both groups. Results : There were 38cases $(73\%)$ in group I, 5cases $(16\%)$ in group II for associating ACL injury. We observed discoid type meniscus (19cases, $59\%$) in group II. At last follow-up clinical success in repair cases of group I and II are 22cases $(85\%)$, 2cases $(67\%)$, in resection cases are 26cases $(100\%)$, 26cases $(93\%)$ respectively. Reoperation is performed 2cases in repair cases of group I. One case is re-rupture, the other case is newly developed tear in white-white zone. Reoperation is performed 2cases due to remnant meniscal tear in resection cases of group II. All of 2cases are discoid type menisci. Conclusion : Displaced bucket-handle tear of medial & lateral menisci would be substantially different an aspect, considering on difference would help to select proper treatment modality.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1992

The gobiid fish, Luciogobius guttalus Gill has an anguilliform with some blackish and reddish brown color in life. It grows up to 90mm in total length. The specimens have been collected from several localities in the southern parts of Korea and Hokkaido, Japan. During the ebb tide, the fish was found in high level of intertidal zone exposed to the air among pebbles in the hollows and slopes of rocks. There are also some other small gobiid fishes comprising 3 species of relative gobies and 1 species of blennioid fish. A total of 5 egg masses were collected from the coast of Haeundae in April to May 1990. Each egg mass was deposited in one layer on the underside of a stone embedded in pebbles and guarded by the male parent. The eggs are club-shaped ranging from 2.71 to 2.80mm in long axis and from 0.65 to 0.74mm in short axis. The eggs were hatched in 98 hours after incubatied at the temperature varying from 19.5 to $25.5^{\circ}C$The newly hatched larvae were from 3.85 to 4.00mm in total length with 35~36 myomeres. In eleven days after hatching, total length reached 5.50mm. The part of the fin-fold of the future dorsal and anal fins became high. In sixteen days after hatching, the lavae averaged 6.20mm in total length and the caudal notochord flex at $45^{\circ}$. The larvae reached the juvenile stage in 48~50 days after hatching and attained 12.80~14.00mm in total length, and all fin-rays was formed. Ossification of the cranium took place at 5.50mm of mean total length in parasphenoid and basioccipital. Ossification of the visceral skeleton occurred in areas where active movements of bones are required, notalbly in the parts of feeding and respiration. Vertebrae began to develop from the anterior end to ossify posteriorly. Neural and haemal spines of vertebrae ossified always prior to the corresponding centra. When larvae reached to about 6.60mm in mean total length (17~18 days after hatching), jaw bones were more repidly ossified than vertebrae and cranium. Ossification of all bones nearly completed when the larvae reached to 13.40mm in mean total length (47~50 days after hatching).

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1982년도 제16차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.17.2-19
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• 1982

The sinus tympani is subject to great variability in the size, shape and posterior extent. A heavy compact bony zone, especially in the posterior portion and the narrow space between the facial nerve and posterior semicircular canal are the limitation of surgical approach. The facial recess should be opened, creating a wide connection between the mesotympanum and mastoid in the Intact canal wall tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy. The surgically created limits of the facial recess are the facial nerve medially, the chorda tympani laterally and the bone adjacent to the incus superiorly. Using adult Korean's thirty-five temporal bones, the authors measured the osteologic reslationship in the posterior tympanum, especially sinus tympani and facial recess. The result was as followed. 1. The average distance from the anterior end of the pyramidal eminence. 1) to the edge of the sinus tympani directly posterior was 2.54(1.05-5.40)mm. 2) to the maximum posterior extent was 3.22(1.25-7.45)mm. 3) to the maximum cephaled extent was 0.67 (0.40-1.75)mm. 2. The boundary of the sinus tympani was 82.9% from the lower margin oval window to the upper margin round window niche. 3. The deepest part of the sinus tympani was 62.9% in the mid portion, between the ponticulus and subiculum. 4. The oblique dimension from the fossa incudis above to the hypotympanum below was 8.13(7.90-9.55)mm. 5. The transverse dimensions midway between the oval window above and round window below was 3.00(2.85-3.45)mm. 6. The transverse dimension at the level of the fossa incudis was 1.81(1.40-2.15)mm. 7. The facial nerve dehiscence was 14.3%. 8. Anterior-posterior diameter of the footplate was 2.98(2.85-3.05) mm. 9. The average distance from the footplate. 1) to the cochleariform process was 1.42(1.35-1.55) mm. 2) to the round window niche was 1.85(1.45-2.10) mm.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.323-334
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• 2005

Background: Gene therapy is a new and promising option for the treatment of severe myocardial ischemia by therapeutic angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to elucidate the efficacy of therapeutic angiogenesis by using VEGF165 in large animals. Material and Method: Twenty-one pigs that underwent ligation of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery were randomly allocated to one of two treatments: intramyocardial injection of pCK-VEGF (VEGF) or intramyocardial injection of pCK-Null (Control). Injections were administered 30 days after ligation. Seven pigs died during the trial, but eight pigs from VEGF and six from Control survived. Echo-cardiography was performed on day 0 (preoperative) and on days 30 and 60 following coronary ligation. Gated myocardial single photon emission computed tomography imaging (SPECT) with $^{99m}Tc-labeled$ sestamibi was performed on days 30 and 60. Myocardial perfusion was assessed from the uptake of $^{99m}Tc-labeled$ sestamibi at rest. Global and regional myocardial function as well as post-infarction left ventricular remodeling were assessed from segmental wall thickening; left ventricular ejection fraction (EF); end systolic volume (ESV); and end diastolic volume (EDV) using gated SPECT and echocardiography. Myocardium of the ischemic border zone into which pCK plasmid vector had been injected was also sampled to assess micro-capillary density. Result: Micro-capillary density was significantly higher in the VEGF than in Control ($386\pm110/mm^{2}\;vs.\;291\pm127/mm^{2};\;p<0.001$). Segmental perfusion increased significantly from day 30 to day 60 after intramyocardial injection of plasmid vector in VEGF ($48.4\pm15.2\%\;vs.\;53.8\pm19.6\%;\;p<0.001$), while no significant change was observed in the Control ($45.1\pm17.0\%\;vs.\;43.4\pm17.7\%;\;p=0.186$). This resulted in a significant difference in the percentage changes between the two groups ($11.4\pm27.0\%\;increase\;vs.\;2.7\pm19.0\%\;decrease;\;p=0.003$). Segmental wall thickening increased significantly from day 30 to day 60 in both groups; the increments did not differ between groups. ESV measured using echocardiography increased significantly from day 0 to day 30 in VEGF ($22.9\pm9.9\;mL\;vs.\;32.3\pm9.1\;mL;\; p=0.006$) and in Control ($26.3\pm12.0\;mL\;vs.\;36.8\pm9.7\;mL;\;p=0.046$). EF decreased significantly in VEGF ($52.0\pm7.7\%\;vs.\;46.5\pm7.4\%;\;p=0.004$) and in Control ($48.2\pm9.2\%\;vs.\;41.6\pm10.0\%;\;p=0.028$). There was no significant change in EDV. The interval changes (days $30\~60$) of EF, ESV, and EDV did not differ significantly between groups both by gated SPECT and by echocardiography. Conclusion: Intramyocardial injection of pCK-VEGF165 induced therapeutic angiogenesis and improved myocardial perfusion. However, post-infarction remodeling and global myocardial function were not improved.