Browse > Article

Therapeutic Angiogenesis by Intramyocardial Injection of pCK-VEGF165 in Pigs  

Choi Jae-Sung (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital)
Han Woong (ViroMed Limitted)
Kim Dong Sik (ViroMed Limitted)
Park Jin Sik (Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital)
Lee Jong Jin (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital)
Lee Dong Soo (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital)
Kim Ki-Bong (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital)
Publication Information
Journal of Chest Surgery / v.38, no.5, 2005 , pp. 323-334 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: Gene therapy is a new and promising option for the treatment of severe myocardial ischemia by therapeutic angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to elucidate the efficacy of therapeutic angiogenesis by using VEGF165 in large animals. Material and Method: Twenty-one pigs that underwent ligation of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery were randomly allocated to one of two treatments: intramyocardial injection of pCK-VEGF (VEGF) or intramyocardial injection of pCK-Null (Control). Injections were administered 30 days after ligation. Seven pigs died during the trial, but eight pigs from VEGF and six from Control survived. Echo-cardiography was performed on day 0 (preoperative) and on days 30 and 60 following coronary ligation. Gated myocardial single photon emission computed tomography imaging (SPECT) with $^{99m}Tc-labeled$ sestamibi was performed on days 30 and 60. Myocardial perfusion was assessed from the uptake of $^{99m}Tc-labeled$ sestamibi at rest. Global and regional myocardial function as well as post-infarction left ventricular remodeling were assessed from segmental wall thickening; left ventricular ejection fraction (EF); end systolic volume (ESV); and end diastolic volume (EDV) using gated SPECT and echocardiography. Myocardium of the ischemic border zone into which pCK plasmid vector had been injected was also sampled to assess micro-capillary density. Result: Micro-capillary density was significantly higher in the VEGF than in Control ($386\pm110/mm^{2}\;vs.\;291\pm127/mm^{2};\;p<0.001$). Segmental perfusion increased significantly from day 30 to day 60 after intramyocardial injection of plasmid vector in VEGF ($48.4\pm15.2\%\;vs.\;53.8\pm19.6\%;\;p<0.001$), while no significant change was observed in the Control ($45.1\pm17.0\%\;vs.\;43.4\pm17.7\%;\;p=0.186$). This resulted in a significant difference in the percentage changes between the two groups ($11.4\pm27.0\%\;increase\;vs.\;2.7\pm19.0\%\;decrease;\;p=0.003$). Segmental wall thickening increased significantly from day 30 to day 60 in both groups; the increments did not differ between groups. ESV measured using echocardiography increased significantly from day 0 to day 30 in VEGF ($22.9\pm9.9\;mL\;vs.\;32.3\pm9.1\;mL;\; p=0.006$) and in Control ($26.3\pm12.0\;mL\;vs.\;36.8\pm9.7\;mL;\;p=0.046$). EF decreased significantly in VEGF ($52.0\pm7.7\%\;vs.\;46.5\pm7.4\%;\;p=0.004$) and in Control ($48.2\pm9.2\%\;vs.\;41.6\pm10.0\%;\;p=0.028$). There was no significant change in EDV. The interval changes (days $30\~60$) of EF, ESV, and EDV did not differ significantly between groups both by gated SPECT and by echocardiography. Conclusion: Intramyocardial injection of pCK-VEGF165 induced therapeutic angiogenesis and improved myocardial perfusion. However, post-infarction remodeling and global myocardial function were not improved.
Keywords
Growth factor; Angiogenesis; Myocardial ischemia; Myocardial perfusion;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Hojo Y, Ikeda U, Zhu Y, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:968-73   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Takeshita S, Zheng LP, Brogi E, et al. Therapeutic angiogenesis: a single intra-atrial bolus of vascular endothelial growth factor augments revascularization in a rabbit ischemic hindlimb model. J Clin Invest 1994;93:662-70   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Affleck DG, Bull DA, Bailey SH, et al. PDGF(BB) increases myocardial production of VEGF: shift in VEGF mRNA splice variants after direct injection of bFGF, PDGF(BB), and PDGF(AB). J Surg Res 2002;107:203-9   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Ueno H, Li JJ, Masuda S, Qi Z, Yamamoto H, Takeshita A. Adenovirus-mediated expression of the secreted form of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) induces cellular proliferation and angiogenesis in vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:2453-60   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Matsunaga T, Warltier DC, Tessmer J, Weihrauch D, Simons M, Chilian WM. Expression of VEGF and angiopoietins-1 and -2 during ischemia-induced coronary angiogenesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003;285:352-8   DOI
6 Ferrara N, Houck K, Jakeman L, Leung DW. Molecular and biological properties of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of proteins. Endocr Rev 1992;13:18-32
7 Baumgartner I, Pieczek A, Manor O, et al. Constitutive expression of phVEGF165 after intramuscular gene transfer promotes collateral vessel development in patients with critical limb ischemia. Circulation 1998;97:1114-23   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Tsurumi Y, Kearney M, Chen D, et al. Improvement in chronic ischemic neuropathy after intramuscular phVEGF165 gene transfer in patients with critical limb ischemia. Arch Neurol 2001;58:761-8   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Mohler ER 3rd, Rajagopalan S, Olin JW, et al. Adenoviral- mediated gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor in critical limb ischemia: safety results from a phase I trial. Vasc Med 2003;8:9-13   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Shyu KG, Chang H, Wang BW, Kuan P. Intramuscular vascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy in patients with chronic critical leg ischemia. Am J Med 2003;114:85-92   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Henry TD, Rocha-Singh K, Isner JM, et al. Intracoronary administration of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor to patients with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 2001;142:872-80   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Symes JF, Losordo DW, Vale PR, et al. Gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor for inoperable coronary artery disease. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68:830-7   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Yla-Herttuala S, Alitalo K. Gene transfer as a tool to induce therapeutic vascular growth. Nat Med 2003;9:694-701   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Lee LY, Patel SR, Hackett NR, et al. Focal angiogen therapy using intramyocardial delivery of an adenovirus vector coding for vascular endothelial growth factor 121. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;69:14-24   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Ferrara N, Davis-Smyth T. The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocr Rev 1997;18:4-25   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Sutton MG, Sharpe N. Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: pathology and therapy. Circulation 2000;101:2981-8   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Tischer E, Mitchell R, Hartmann T, et al. The human gene for vascular endothelial growth factor: multiple protein forms are encoded through alternative exon splicing. J Biol Chem 1991;266:11947-54
18 Tio RA, Lebherz C, Scheuermann T, et al. Evidence of collateral development following intramyocardialgene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor. Surg Forum 1998;49:220-1
19 Losordo DW, Vale PR, Symes JF, et al. Gene therapy with vascular endothelial angiogenesis: initial clinical results with direct myocardial injection fo phVEGF165 as sole therapy for myocardial ischemia. Circulation 1998;98:2800-4   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Fortuin FD, Vale P, Losordo DW, et al. One-year follow-up of direct myocardial gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor-2 using naked plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid by way of thoracotomy in no-option patients. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:436-9   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Isner JM, Baumgartner I, Rauh G. Treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) by intramuscular gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor: preliminary clinical results. J Vasc Surg 1998;28:964-73   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Siddiqui AJ, Blomberg P, Wardell E, et al. Combination of angiopoietin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy enhances arteriogenesis in the ischemic myocardium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;24:1002-9
23 Rosengart TK, Lee LY, Patel SR, et al. Angiogenesis gene therapy: phase I assessment of direct intramyocardial administration of an adenovirus vector expressing VEGF121 cDNA to individuals with clinically significant severe coronary artery disease. Circulation 1999;100:468-74   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Chachques JC, Duarte F, Cattadori B. Angiogenic growth factors and/or cellular therapy for myocardial regeneration: a comparative study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;128:245-53   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Simons M, Bonow RO, Chronos NA, et al. Clinincal trials in coronary angiogenesis: issues, problems, consensus: an expert panel summary. Circulation 2000;102:E73-86   DOI
26 Tanaka E, Hattan N, Ando K, et al. Amelioration of micro-vascular ischemia by gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor in rabbits. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;120:720-8   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Tambara K, Sakakibara Y, Sakaguchi G, et al. Transplanted skeletal myoblasts can fully replace the infracted myocardium when they survive in the host in large numbers. Circulation 2003;108(suppl 1):II-259-63
28 Schainfeld R, Blair R, Manor O, Razvi S, Symes JF. Treatment of acute limb ischemia by intramuscular injection of vascular endothelial growth factor gene. Circulation 1997;96(suppl 2):382-8
29 Lee YJ, Park EJ, Yu SS, Kim DK, Kim S. Improved excpression of vascular endothelial growth factor by naked DNA in mouse skeletal muscles: implication for gene therapy of ischemic diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000;272:230-5   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Hayashi S, Morishita R, Nakamura S, et al. Potential role of hepatocyte growth factor, a novel angiogenic growth factor, in peripheral arterial disease: downregulation of HGF in response to hypoxia in vascular cells. Circulation 1999;100 (suppl 2):301-8
31 Scott R, Blackstone EH, McCarthy PM, et al. Isolated by-pass grafting of the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending coronary artery: late consequences of incomplete revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 120:173-84   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Isner JM, Walsh K, Symes J, et al. Arterial gene therapy for therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with peripheral artery disease. Circulation 1995;91:2687-92   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Ueda H, Sawa Y, Matsumoto K, et al. Gene transfection of hepatocyte growth factor attenuates reperfusion injury in the heart. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;67:1726-31   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Mukherjee D, Bhatt DL, Roe MT, Patel V, Ellis SG. Direct myocardial revascularization and angiogenesis-how many patients might be eligible? Am J Cardiol 1999;84:598-600   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
35 Hendel RC, Henry TD, Rocha-Singh K, et al. Effect of intracoronary recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor on myocardial perfusion: evidence for a dose-dependent effect. Circulation 2000;101:118-21   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
36 Mack CA, Patel SR, Schwarz EA, et al. Biologic bypass with the use of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for vascular endothelial growth factor 121 improves myocardial perfusion and function in the ischemic porcine heart. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;115:168-76   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Jones EL, Craver JM, Guyton RA, Bone DK, Hatcher CR, Jr, Riechwald N. Importance of complete revascularization in performance of the coronary bypass operation. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:7-12   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Stratford-Perricaudet LD, Makeh I, Perricaudet M, Briand P. Widespread long-term gene transfer to mouse skeletal muscles and heart. J Clin Invest 1992;90:626-30   DOI
39 Li J, Brown LF, Hibberd MG, Grossman JD, Morgan JP, Simons M. VEGF, flk-1, and flt-1 expression in a rat myocardial infarction model of angiogenesis. Am J Physiol 1996;270:H1803-11
40 Henry TD, Abraham J. Review of preclinical results with vascular endothelial growth factors for therapeutic angiogenesis. Curr Intervent Cardiol Rep 2000;2:228-41