• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2004

With the arrival of the 21th century, the management environments such as the knowledge system, information system, and technology system surrounding small and medium enterprises are being rapidly changed. These rapidly changing the environment of enterprises like the above can be thought rather profitable for the elastic and resiling medium enterprises than large enterprises. Additionally, these environments are recognized as the management circumstances which provide with the change by which medium enterprises equipped with the trustworthy creativity in the 21th century are able to become the main player of the industrial development. The position and role of medium enterprises in the national economical system are very important. The execution of the local autonomy system and the policy to activate the local economy will generally enlarge the power of medium enterprises which are based on the concerned local society more ant more. But, by the standpoint of designer, it is pointed out that there is the problem that the effective application means or the availability of the industrial design was not sufficiently recognized or understood by the manager in enterprises. Notwithstanding the above problem, a lot of domestic small and medium enterprises became to apply the industrial design as the means for improving the competitiveness of their own products in the relatively short time powered by the governmental policy, and moreover both of the concerned partners(the manager and industrial designer) had the opportunity to newly recognize the industrial design and evaluate the availability or problem of the industrial design in the actual aspect. This event means very important change. With the understanding on the above situation, the purpose of this study is to recognize whether the design is strategically applied in the management level of domestic small and medium enterprises, whether the strategical establishment of the design management is performed without any problem, whether the field designer and CEO are well recognizing the design management and what their recognition level is in order to seek the new solution for plenty of problems. Therefore, the actual proof analysis was performed for the field designer and management CEO of small and medium enterprises with the questionnaire survey and direct interview method to understand the actuality of small and medium enterprises.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1989

In this paper, the authors describe on the field experiment of the newly designed actual stow net, standing on the result of the model experiment to examine the performance of the conventional net and the newly designed net, presented in two previous reports of this series. Concurrently the additional experiment to find out the possibility of changing of operating system from the side to the stern was carried out. 1. Fundamental shape of the experimented net was 20 times aslarge asthe newly designed model net. Performance of the net was detected by using two ultrasonic echo sounders: one was set downward at the top-most spreader of the shearing device to detect the opening height of the device from the sea bed, and the other sidewise at the starboard top-most spreader to detect the top-most opening width of the devices. Opening height of the newly designed net showed about 3m smaller than the conventional net at slow current of 0.6m/sec and less but it overcome 1m at speedy current of 0.8m/sec and more. Opening width of the newly designed net was 1.4 times as large as that of the conventional net, ant the front projection area of the newly designed net mouth was estimated as 1.3~1.6 times as large as that of the conventional net. 2. The experiment on the stern operating system was tightly limited by the structure of the ship employed in the experiment, which was a stern trawler of 2275 GT. The ship confronted by the wind with main anchor, while the net was put over the stern slipway and the hauling line of shearing device was operated through the top rollers of gallows. The experiment was very suggestive in the view point to mechanize the operating system, and so to decrease the man power except the following question. The of bow-stern line of ship, and that of net is much different.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2013

Purpose: We are to find out the difference of calculated dose of treatment planning system (TPS) and measured dose in case of inhomogeneous organ structure. Materials and Methods: Inhomogeneous phantom is made with solid water phantom and cork plate. CT image of inhomogeneous phantom is acquired. Treatment plan is made with TPS (Pinnacle3 9.2. Royal Philips Electronics, Netherlands) and calculated dose of point of interest is acquired. Treatment plan was delivered in the inhomogeneous phantom by ARTISTE (Siemens AG, Germany) measured dose of each point of interest is obtained with Gafchromic EBT2 film (International Specialty Products, US) in the gap between solid water phantom or cork plate. To simulate lung cancer radiation treatment, artificial tumor target of paraffin is inserted in the cork volume of inhomogeneous phantom. Calculated dose and measured dose are acquired as above. Results: In case of inhomogeneous phantom experiment, dose difference of calculated dose and measured dose is about -8.5% at solid water phantom-cork gap and about -7% lower in measured dose at cork-solid water phantom gap. In case of inhomogeneous phantom inserted paraffin target experiment, dose difference is about 5% lower in measured dose at cork-paraffin gap. There is no significant difference at same material gap in both experiments. Conclusion: Radiation dose at the gap between two organs with different electron density is significantly lower than calculated dose with TPS. Therefore, we must be aware of dose calculation error in TPS and great care is suggested in case of radiation treatment planning on inhomogeneous organ structure.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1997

Purpose : To evaluate the pathologic effects of preoperative radiotherapy o the resectable distal rectal cancer, we analyzed the results of postoperative pathologic findings for the patients with preoperative radiotherapy ant surgery Materials and Methods: From July 1995 to April 1996, we treated sixteen patients of resectable rectal cancer with preoperative radiation therapy and curative surgery At diagnosis, Thomas Jefferson (TJ) system was used for the clinical stage of the Patients. We treated the patients with conventional radiation therapy of 4500~5000cGy before surgery. The surgery was carried out 4 weeks after completion of radiation therapy. Modified Astler Coller (MAC) system was used for the postoperative pathologic stage. We analyzed the pathologic stages and findings according to preoperative clinical stage and compared with those of the control group in similar clinical stages. Result : All patients were treated with sphincter preservation surgery after Preoperative radiation therapy. Pathoiogic complete response (CR) was shown in 1 case $(6.3\%)$. We compared the results between preoperative radiation therapy group (Preop.RT group) and surgery only group (control group). In TJ stage II, among nine patients of Preop.RT group, 8 patients $(88.9\%)$ were in MAC stage 8 except 1 CR patient, but among 17 patients of control group. 11 patients$(64.7\%)$ were in MAC stage B and 6 Patients $(35.3\%)$ in MAC stage C. In TJ stage III, among 7 patients of Preop.RT group, 4 patients $(57.1\%)$ were in MAC stage B and 3 patients$(42.9\%)$ in MAC stage C. Among 14 Patients of control group, 4 patients $(28.6\%)$ were in MAC stage B and 10 Patients $(71.4\%)$ in MAC stage C. Above results showed that postoperative Pathologic stage was decreased in Preop.RT group with statistical significance (P=0.049). The postoperative Pathologic findings (blood vessel invasion. Iymphatic vessel invasion, perineural invasion) were decreased in the Preop.RT group compared with those of control group. But statistical significance was found only in Iymphatic vessel invasion (p=0.019). Conclusion : The Postoperative pathologic stages and adverse Prognostic pathologic findings were decreased in preoperative radiation therapy group. The Iymphatic vessel invasion and MAC stage C findings were abruptly decreased in Preoperative radiation therapy group. The preoperative radiation therapy was found to be effective in resectable rectal cancer. The patients group in our study was very small and long term follow up was not done. Therefore, further study about this issues is needed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2019

Herbal medicines are widely used as therapeutic products in many countries. Corni fructus (CF), the dried ripe sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc (Cornaceae), has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine and has been reported to be effective for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as kidney diseases and diabetes. Recent research on CF has documented a wide spectrum of therapeutic properties, which include anti-inflammatory, ant-oxidative, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, there is no information on its safety. Therefore, in this study, the toxicity of water extract of CF to ICR mice was investigated. The mice received a single dose of water extract of CF (1,000, 2,000, and 5,000 mg/kg of body weight) via the oral route. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, gross findings, and weights of the principal organs after 14 d were then assessed. The results revealed no adverse effects of CF as determined by clinical signs, body weights, or organ weights and no gross pathological findings in any of the treatment groups. These results suggest that the 50% lethal dose and approximated lethal dose of CF extract is over 5,000 mg/kg. The findings provide scientific evidence for the safety of CFs.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-57
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• 1995

This study was conducted to collect and analyze previous information in order to manage efficience, improve experience effect and promote employment rate. The questionnaire interview with 27 chief of dental Laboratory refered clinical experience in technology department about clinical experience in 14 Jumior colleges were also investigated. The results were summarried as follows : The portion of age of 35-39 among chief of dental Laboratory was 40.7% which was the highest, that of male was 96.3%, that of junior college graduate was 97.5%, that of 10years experience was 92.6% and that of ceramic technician was 85.2%, 63.0% dental laboratory for clinical experience was a bore space of 30pyong. Aspect of dental laboratory management, manufacturing all part of prosthetic restoration was 29.6%, othodontic appliance and ceramic restoration was 7.4%, 3.8%, each. The percentage of 40.7 was having connection with 30-3a dental clinics and referring case per day was 10-19 cases(40.7%), manufacturing time of referred prosthetic restoration was 3-4 days(77.8%), places preparing seminar room for education was 29.6%, above a place of 40pyong was 11.1% 30-34 pyong and 35-39 pyong was 7.4% each. During training of 2 years education course student, 18.5% was rack of thorough occupational career. While 44.4% will want the more salary among 3years education course student, 74.1% will expect the more dental techmicians would engaged in their field, 51.9% will hope improve of their theory and practice, 29.6% be expected better skill and 14.8% be expected better theory. Attitude of clinical experience places was distributed by 59.3% of offering only experience chance, 25.9% of wasting time and 29.0% of annoying. The big emphasis of climical experience was thorough occupational career(44.4%). The clinical experience places of our college were selected after direct visiting, so their condition of management was not that bad but most of dental laboratory were poor in management state and working environment. Therefore it is difficult to choose appropriate places and dental Laboratory are also limited manpower and time as suppliers. So that it recommended to induce flexible management of experience period by interval and rotation of experience places among college and to applicate intern-system for employment ant industry-college cooperation aspect.