• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6807-6812
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• 2013

Background: Lung cancer is a major cause of Korean female mortality and is clearly associated with smoking. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-2,3), which included both self-reports of smoking and urinary cotinine data, revealed a significant discrepancy between the prevalence of self-reported and biochemically-verified female smokers. The factors associated with accurate self-reporting of current smoking status remain poorly understood, however. Materials and Methods: We assessed the prevalence of smoking in KNHANES using both self-report and urinary cotinine data. Subsequently, using univariate and multivariate tests, we assessed whether age, intensity of smoking, marital status, relationship with cohabitants, education, occupation, residential area, or annual household income were associated with inaccurate self-reporting in Korean females. We also investigated whether the prevalence of inaccurate self-reports changed over the survey period, 2008-2009. Results: The prevalence of self-reported smoking was 47.8% in males and 6.6% in females. By contrast, the prevalence of smoking as assessed by urinary cotinine levels was 52.2% in males and 14.5% in females. Of the 746 females with urinary cotinine levels >50ng/ml, 407 (56.0%) provided inaccurate self-reports. In a multivariate model, age group(40-49: OR 3.54, 95%CI 1.42-8.86, p=0.007; ref :20-29), cotinine intensity(OR 0.999, 95%CI 0.998-0.999, p<0.001), marital status (married but without spouse: OR 0.37, 95%CI 0.15-0.94, p=0.037; ref :never married), relationship with cohabitants (living with a spouse and unmarried child: OR 2.63, 95%CI 1.44-4.80, p=0.002; living with 2 generations except unmarried child: OR 2.53, 95%CI 1.09-5.87, p=0.030; living with ${\geq}3$ generations: OR 3.25, 95%CI 1.48-7.10, p=0.003; ref :spouse only) and education(college or higher: OR 2.73, 95%CI 1.04-7.18, p=0.042; ref :elementary or less) were independently associated with inaccurate self-reports. Conclusions: The trend of smoking prevalence of Korean females is likely to decrease. However, an elevated prevalence of inaccurate self-reports by females remains. Factors related to the intensity of smoking and family status appear to influence whether a Korean female provides an accurate self-report when asked about smoking behavior.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.502-508
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• 1992

국민영양조사가 실시된 1969년부터 최근 조사보고서가 나온 1989년까지의 대상지역, 규모, 조사내용 등을 중심으로 한 조사방법면에서의 연도별 변화 차이를 비교 고찰해보았다. 국민영양조사의 주관부서는 보사부내에서 조직이 바뀜에 따라 방역국 보건과, 의정국 지방의정과, 보건국 식품위생과를 거쳐 모자보건관리관실에서 담당하다가 1981년부터는 보건국 보건교육과에서 담당하고 있다. 조사내용은 식품 섭취조사, 식생활조사, 건강조사로 나누어 실시하고 있으며 이중 건강조사항목이 많이 바뀌어 오히려 줄어들었고, 표본추출방법은 2회의 개편을 거쳐 1987년 이후로는 확률비례추출법으로 실시되고 있다. 조사지구수와 가구수의 연도별 변화는 초창기 1974년까지는 지구수와 가구수가 적었으며, 1988년부터는 2,000세대를 조사하고 있다. 인원수는 역시 초창기 74년까지와 그 이후 74, 83, 88년으로 가면서 변화하였으며, 88년부터는 8,000명 정도가 된다. 조사시기는 여름과 가을이 대부분이나 78년 이전은 주로 여름에, 그 이후는 가을에 조사하고 있다. 이상의 결과 내용으로 보면 영양조사는 시기별로 변해왔으며, 그 결과의 비교분석시 세심한 주의가 요구된다.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2019

본 연구는 안전 신문고 제도의 효과를 분석하기 위해 2014년 9월 ~ 2019년 7월까지 접수된 안전신고 데이터 분석을 수행하고 해당 데이터를 통해 안전신고 성과를 측정할 수 있는 항목을 선정하여 4대 불법 주정차 주민신고제 도입에 대한 효과, 도로교통사고 기반의 원단위법을 이용한 효과 분석을 수행하였다. 2019년 10월까지 49개 기초자치단체의 4대 불법 주정차 주민 신고제 도입 후 약 60% 정도 단속 단가가 감소되었으며, 단속인력에 대한 신고 1건의 가치는 21만 3천원/건으로 도출되었다. 과태료 부과 등을 통한 세수 확보를 건당 편익으로 산정하면 약 6만 2천원/건 정도 추정되었다. 이 둘을 합하면 4대 불법 주정차 주민신고 가치는 총 27만 5천원/건으로 도출되었다. 안전신문고의 신고 유형은 대부분 교통 및 시설로 이를 대표적인 신고가치로 정의하고 연도별 총 편익을 산정한 결과, 2014년부터 2019년까지 안전신문고로 접수된 신고건수는 1,164,439건, 2019년 4월 이후 7월까지 신고 된 4대 불법 주정차 신고건수는 502,721건으로 지난 5년간 총 편익을 산정하면 약 2,734억여 원이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.655-661
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• 1992

1969년부터 1989년까지 국민 영양조사보고서를 중심으로 한 영양소의 섭취상태를 살펴 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 에너지 섭취량은 점차로 감소하고 있으며 곡류에너지비 또한 69년에 85.9%에서 89년에는 66.5%까지 감소하였다. 전체 에너지 섭취량 중 동물성식품의 에너지비는 점차로 증가 추세를 보이고 있다. 단백질은 그 섭취량이 점차로 증가하고 있으며 동물성단백질비 역시 국민영양조사 실시 초기이래 꾸준한 증가경향을 보이고 있으며, 지방의 섭취도 계속 증가하고 있다. 또한 열량영양소의 에너지 구성비를 보면 단백질과 지방이 차지하는 에너지비가 점차로 증가 추세에 있다. 칼슘과 철분은 섭취량이 꾸준히 증가하고 있으나, 칼슘은 여전히 권장량에 부족되게 섭취하고 있으며 티아민은 전반적으로 권장량 정도를 섭취하는 등 균형을 보이고 있으나 리보플라빈은 그 섭취량이 80년대 중반부터 증가하고 있기는 하나 권장량에 부족되는 실정이다. 나이아신은 그 섭취량에 기복이 있기는 하나 권장량 정도를 섭취하고 있으며 비타민 C도 섭취량에 변동이 있었으나 대체적으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.133-168
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine the state and characteristic of seafood marketing in Korean West Coast during the colonial period ruled by Japan. To accomplish the purpose, we tried to set the fisheries statistical database by reviewing of $\boxDr$Statistical Annual Report of Chosun Chongdokbu$\boxUl$ and $\boxDr$Official Report of Chosun Chongdokbu$\boxUl$. A trend analysis was carried out with the data. Also, by reviewing of articles related to the state of seafood marketing via $\boxDr$Daehan Maeil Newspaper$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$Maeil Newspaper$\boxUl$ issued at the period, we could find out some meaningful findings which backed up the statistics in realistic facts. For numbers of businessman in seafood marketing, it was clear that the number of Japanese businessmen increased more quickly than that of Korean compared with other sphere of fisheries. That means Japanese grasped Korean seafood market in a short time. In price of seafood in terms of cities, Kunsan was comparatively higher than Incheon and Mokpo. In price of seafood in terms of species, ‘Snapper’ was mostexpensive, and ‘Mackerel Pike’, ‘Anchovy’, ‘Mullet’, ‘Eel’, ‘Flatfish’ followed in that order. In price of a species in terms of ‘Yellow Croaker’, which was famous in West Sea, ‘Croaker with salt’ was more expensive than dried and fresh one. For the transition trend of number of fish market, we could ascertain that the number of market increased until 1919, however, it decreased slowly from 1932. That means Japanese government went to war against China from 1931. Of the West Coast, the number of fish market in Chungnam province was most high, but that of Chonbuk outrun from 1940. At that time, the number of fish market in West Coast reached to 34% out of that of whole country. In 1919, the proportion of seafood sales amount of West Coast neighboring provinces, such as Kyunggido, Chungnam, and Chonbuk, was 23% of whole country which rose to 28% in 1929, and 29% in 1939. Therefore, we could assure that seafood marketing was very active at that time in the region. When we consider the trend of seafood export at the main ports of West Coast, in 1910's, the export through Mokpo and Inchon port was very live but that of Kunsan was very tiny. However, in 1920's, the export amount of Inchon port did not much change, but that of Mokpo decreased, whereas, that of Kunsan increased. In the early and middle of 1910' s which was around beginning of Japanese ruling period, we realized that the imperialist Japan was very eager in political efforts to enhance the mind of seafood's quality improvement through the opening of several fisheries competitive shows and fairs.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.9-27
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• 2006

이 연구는 동아시아 (중국, 한국, 그리고 일본) 여름몬순과 그 변동성을 MME (multi-model ensemble)을 이용하여 IPCC AR4 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report) 실험의22개 접합 기후모델 결과 자료로 분석하였다. 결과자료들은 사용 가능한 모든 모델의 평균값을 이용하였다. 여름 몬순 기간 동안 최대 강수를 가지는 연주기는 모델에 의해 모의되었으나 장마(Meiyu-Changma-Baiu) 강수밴드의 이동(북쪽)과 연관되어 7월에 나타나는 최소값은 모의하지 못했다. MME 강수 패턴은 북태평양아열대 고기압과 장마전선대의 위치와 연관된 강수의 공간적 분포를 잘 나타내었다. 그러나 중국, 한반도, 그리고 일본의 동해와 인근 해역의 강수는 과소 예측되었다. 마지막으로 $CO_2$ 농도 배증시나리오의 복사 강제에 대한 미래예측을 분석하였다. MME는 $CO_2$ 농도가 배증될 때 동아시아지역에서 강수는 평균 7.8%로 나타났고, $5{\sim}10%$의 변화폭을 보였다. 그러나 이러한 강수의 증가는 통계적으로 한반도와 일본, 그리고 인근 북중국 지역에서만 중요한 의미를 가진다. 강수 예측에서 나타난 변화는 아열대 고기압의 강도 변화에 비례하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 봄에서 초가을까지 여름 몬순의 지속기간이 길어짐을 확인하였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2016

Disasters that occur most frequently in rural areas are drought, flood, damages from wind and cold weather. Among these, damages from storm and flood and drought are the main disasters and recently, these are occurring on a large scale due to unusual weather conditions. Under such circumstances, projects and researches on disasters in rural areas are under way but they are mostly targeting one area or making approaches focusing on repair facilities, maintenance project of facilities in small streams, and disaster management, so there have not been enough studies on the current status of overall damaged facilities in the rural areas. Against this backdrop, through the analysis of the current status of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, this study aims to provide base data for policies needed for disaster recovery planning and maintenance work of rural areas. For the analysis of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, using the annual report on disasters issued by Ministry of Public Safety and Security and based on the occurrence rate of estimated damage in each city and district for the past 10 years(2004~2013), 8 areas with the highest number of occurrence and cost of damage were found from each province and target areas were selected. Then, regarding the selected target areas, the General Plan for Reducing Damages from Storm and Flood, which is the report on top-level plan for preventing disasters, was secured and the current status of damaged facilities were analyzed. After organizing the analysis of current status, the tendency of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, the items of damaged facilities depending on the types of storm and flood damages, and risk factors were suggested. Based on this result, in order to generalize the results of follow-up researches, it is thought that disaster recovery planning and establishing the system of remodeling items necessary for maintenance work would be possible by analyzing damage investigation items recorded in additional researches on rural areas, researches on natural disasters, and recovery plan instructions and by conducting on-site investigation on the damaged villages from storm and flood in rural areas.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.877-886
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• 2022

본 연구는 상사호(주암조절지)의 유량과 수질이 향후 기후변화에 따라 어떻게 변화하며 어떠한 대책이 필요한지에 대한 분석과 관리 대책을 수립하는 것을 지원하고자 수행되었다. 유역의 변화를 예측하기 위하여 HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) 와 호 내의 수질 예측하기 위해 AEM3D (Aquatic Ecosystem Model)를 연계하여 사용하였다. 기후변화 조건은 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)에 따른 AR5(5th Assessment Report)의 RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 4.5와 RCP 8.5 시나리오를 사용하였다. 기후변화 시나리오는 기상청에 의해 상사호 유역에 대한 상세화된 자료를 사용하였고, 2012년~2021년의 10년간의 기간에 대해 보정 및 검증 하고, 미래 상황의 예측을 위해 현재, 2025년~2036년, 2045년~2056년 그리고 2075년~2086년의 기간으로 구분하고 또한 연도별로 6월부터 8월까지의 여름철과 12월부터 2월까지의 겨울철에 대해 구분하여 분석하였다. 전체 모의 기간에 대한 상사호 유역의 유량은 산술 평균으로는 RCP 4.5보다 RCP 8.5 가 큰 것으로 나타났으며 TN, TP 또한 RCP 4.5에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 RCP 8.5에서 갈수기에는 오염물질의 유출이 감소하고, 여름철에는 오염물질의 유출이 증가하여 연간 오염물질 유출량이 홍수기에 집중되는 특성을 나타내었으며 이에 따른 대책이 필요할 것으로 분석된다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2000

This paper is based on the records of researching the patients with cancer in the Chunnam National University Hospital from January 1990 to December 1999 and referred to the Korea Cancer Center Hospital's annual report. The results are as the following : 1. Along the total O.P.D 5,680,284, the patients of therapeutic radiology are 201,367 in $3.55\%$ 2. Among the 12,404 cancer patients, stomach cancer patients are $2,048(16.51\%),\;liver\;cancer\;patients\;are\;1,490(12.01\%),\;lung\;cancer\;patients\;are\;1,418(11.43\%)\;cervix\;and\;uterus\;cancer\;patients\;are\;1,102(8.88\%)$ and sexual ratio of male to female appeared 1.38 : 1 Therefore, male cancer patients are more than female patients. 3. The age distribution of cancer was $2,791(22.50\%)\;by\;55{\sim}64\;age,\;2,582(20.82\%)\;by\;45{\sim}54\;age,\;and\;2,530(20.40\%)\;by\;65{\sim}74\;age.\;Therefore,\;the\;60\%\;of\;all\;cancer\;patients\;were\;45{\sim}75$ ages. 4. Among the 9,815 therapeutic radiology patients, $1,755(17.89\%)\;are\;in\;the\;uterus\;system,\;1,534(15.63\%)\;are\;in\;the\;head\;and\;neck,\;1,519(15.48\%)$ are in the lung. Therefore, the proportion of three kinds of therapeutic radiology patients is about $50\%$. 5. The occupational distributions of 12,404 cancer patients$(90{\sim}99\;year)\;are\;2,795(22.53\%)\;by\;orderly\;farmers,\;2,763(22.28\%)\;by\;house\;wives,\;586(4.71\%)\;by\;businessmen,\;and\;391(3.15\%)$ by public service personnel. Industrial, miners, forest men, soldiers didn't nearly appear. 6. The number of patients of cancer diagnosis was $9,431(76.03\%)\;by\;the\;biopsy\;of\;primary\;region,\;and\;2,201(17.74\%)$ by clinical examination Therefore, those two kinds of methods took a propertion of about $94\%.\;The\;number\;of\;deceases\;on\;departments\;was\;153(32.42\%)\;in\;PD,\;133(28.18\%)\;in\;GI,\;63(13.35\%)$ in GS. Therefore, those three kinds of deceases took a proportion of about $74\%$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 1981

In 1980, 416 cases of open heart surgery were done in this Department with over all operative mortality of 12.3%. 1. There were 288 congenital anomalies consisting of 174 acyanotic and 114 cyanotic varieties, which showed operative mortality of 6.9% and 25.4% respectively. 2. There were 128 cases of acquired lesions, 124 valvular disease and 3 myxoma being the main lesions. 3. There were 128 cases of valve replacement with operative mortality of 7.8%. 4. The most frequently operated anomaly was VSD, 90 pure VSD and 21 cases were associated with one or 2 cardiac anomalies. Over all operative mortality in 111 VSD cases was 8.1% but in 90 pure VSD cases it was 6.7%. 5. Tetralogy of Fallot showed the highest incidence in cyanotic group with 88 cases, consisting of 68 pure and 20 with other cardiac anomalies. Over all mortality in 88 cases was 19.3% but in pure form 16.2%. 6. In 128 valve replacement cases over all mortality was 9.4%. There were 85 mitral, 11 aortic, 2 tricuspid, 21 mitral with aortic, 6 mitral with tricuspid, 3 mitral, aortic, and tricuspid valve replacement cases. For mitral valve replacement operative mortality was 5.9%. 7. Twenty-one cases of babies under 10kg body weight were operated on with over all operative mortality of 28.6%. Sixteen cases of VSD were found with operative mortality of 25%. 8. Among 128 cases of valve replacement 7 were under the age of 15 years and 12 were between 15 and 20 years old. Five pediatric cases underwent mitral valve replacement without mortality, 9 year old boy was the youngest among them. In this Department open heart surgery for infancy and complex anomalies showed still hip operative risk which should be improved in the coming years. For open heart surgery Shiley oxygenators and 2 sets of A-O de-lux 5 head roller pump were utilized exclusively. For valve replacement Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial xenografts were mainly used. In pediatric and rural patients Persantin with aspirin regimen was satisfactorily administered for anticoagulation after valve replacement. Routinely Coumadin was administered for one year after valve replacement* In patients who had thrombus on valve sites, chronic atrial fibrillation, and giant left atrium Persantin-Aspirin regimen was used when one year coumadin administration was discontinued.