• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.668-675
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• 2018

전 세계적으로 도시화와 산업화의 발달은 많은 양의 전력을 필요로 하였다. 그리하여 연안 지역에 원자력 발전소를 비롯한 주요 사회기반시설의 건설이 가속화되었다. 또한 지구 온난화와 이상 기후 현상에 의해 자연 재해의 강도는 증가하고 있다. 자연 재해는 발생 지점과 규모를 예측하기 어렵고, 인명 피해와 재산 피해에 영향을 주고 있다. 이러한 문제로 인하여 연안 지역의 피해 예측과 재해 규모의 산정은 중요한 문제가 되었다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 예측 가능한 기상 자료를 바탕으로 풍랑 피해의 피해액을 예측하고 예측한 결과를 바탕으로 풍랑 피해에 대하여 사전 대비 차원의 재난 관리가 가능할 것이라 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 재해 통계 자료가 부족한 시 군 구는 인접한 기상 관측소의 자료를 활용하는 지역은 군집분석을 활용하였다. 예측 가능한 기상자료와 지역 등급을 반영하였고, 재해 통계를 기반으로 남해연안지역의 풍랑 피해 예측함수를 개발 하였고, 검증 작업으로는 NRMSE를 활용하였다. 그 결과 NRMSE는 1.61%에서 21.73%로 분석되었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2010

제주 항 내에 서식하는 대수리 Thais clavigera를 조직학적 방법을 이용하여 1998년 3월부터 1999년 2월까지 생식소 발달과 생식주기 그리고 imposex 현상에 대해 조사하였다. 조직학적 관찰 결과, 배우자형성은 암,수 모두 10월에 처음 시작 되었고, 성숙한 알들은 주로 5월에서부터 7월 사이에 관찰되었다. 생식소단면적 지수 역시 알이 성숙하는 5월과 7월 사이 급격히 증가하였으며, 8월에 급격히 낮아져, 7월과 8월 사이에 집중적인 산란이 있었던 것으로 사료되었다. 유기주석화합물에 의한 imposex 현상의 진행 정도를 나타내는 RPSI는 월 평균 59.5-173.4%로 다른 지역에 비하여 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 이는 제주 항 내의 유기주석화합물에 의한 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

Based on the monthly weather report of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and daily sea surface temperature (SST) data from National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) in 2006, heat budget was estimated at Gampo in the eastern coast of Korea, the region occuring the cold water known as upwelling in summer. Net heat flux was transported from the air to the sea surface during February to November, and it amounts to $345Wm^{-2}$ in monthly mean value. During December to January, the transfer of net heat flux was conversed from the sea surface to the air with $-56Wm^{-2}$ in minimum of monthly mean value in January. Long wave radiation was ranged from $6Wm^{-2}\;to\;106Wm^{-2}$. Sensible heat was varied from $-36Wm^{-2}$(June) to $61Wm^{-2}$(February) and showed negative values from April to August. Latent heat showed $20Wm^{-2}$(July) with its minimum in July and $49Wm^{-2}$ with its maximum in March in monthly mean value. The annual mean of net heat flux is $129Wm^{-2}$, giving an annual heat surplus of $22Wm^{-2}$. Thus, during summer, the upwelled cold water at Gampo, appears to compensate the heat gain. However the ways in which these compensations are accomplished remains to be clarified.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1547-1551
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• 2012

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. Its management has a significant economic impact on society. Despite a high incidence of cancer, so far, there is no national register for this disease in Morocco. The main goal of this report was to estimate the medical costs of lung cancer in our country. Methods: We first estimated the number of annual new cases according to stage of the disease on the basis of the Grand-Casablanca-Region Cancer Registry data. For each sub-group, the protocol of treatment was described taking into account the international guidelines, and an evaluation of individual costs during the first year following diagnosis was made. Extrapolation of the results to the whole country was used to calculate the total annual cost of treatments for lung cancer in Morocco. Results: Overall approximately 3,500 new cases of lung cancer occur each year in the country. Stages I and II account for only 4% of cases, while 96% are diagnosed at locally advanced or metastatic stages III and IV. The total medical cost of lung cancer in Morocco is estimated to be around USD 12 million. This cost represents approximately 1% of the global budget of the Health Department. According to AROME Guidelines, about 86% of the newly diagnosed lung cancer cases needed palliative treatment while 14% required curative intent therapy. The total cost of early and advanced stages lung cancer management during the first year were estimated to be 4,600 and 3,420 USD, respectively. Conclusion: This study provides health decision-makers with a first estimate of costs and the opportunity to achieve the optimal use of available data to estimate the needs of health facilities in Morocco. A substantial proportion of the burden of lung cancer could be prevented through the application of existing cancer control knowledge and by implementing tobacco control programs.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2020

Background: Kori unit #1 is permanently shut down after a 40-year lifetime. The Nuclear Safety and Security Commission recommends establishing initial decommissioning plans for all nuclear and radwaste treatment facilities. Therefore, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) must establish an initial and final decommissioning plan for radwaste-treatment facilities. Radiation safety assessment, which constitutes one chapter of the decommissioning plan, is important for establishing a decommissioning schedule, a strategy, and cost. It is also a critical issue for the government and public to understand. Materials and Methods: This study provides a method for assessing external radiation dose to workers during decommissioning. An external dose is calculated following each exposure scenario, decommissioning strategy, and working schedule. In this study, exposure dose is evaluated using the deterministic method. Physical characterization of the facility is obtained by both direct measurement and analysis of the drawings, and radiological characterization is analyzed using the annual report of KAERI, which measures the ambient dose every month. Results and Discussion: External doses are calculated at each stage of a decommissioning strategy and found to increase with each successive stage. The maximum external dose was evaluated to be 397.06 man-mSv when working in liquid-waste storage. To satisfy the regulations, working period and manpower must be managed. In this study, average and cumulative exposure doses were calculated for three cases, and the average exposure dose was found to be about 17 mSv/yr in all the cases. Conclusion: For the three cases presented, the average exposure dose is well below the annual maximum effective dose restriction imposed by the international and domestic regulations. Working period and manpower greatly affect the cost and entire decommissioning plan; hence, the chosen option must take account of these factors with due consideration of worker safety.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1383-1390
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• 1992

This is the result of the annual statistic analysis of thoracic and cardiovascular surgical cases in 1991, Korea. 14,715 cases of surgery[thoracic 8,995/cardiovascular 5,720] were done by 53 institutes replied. The order of frequency of cell type in primary lung cancer was squamous [62.3%] / adeno [23.9%] / small [6.4%] / adenosquamous [3.0%], and in mediastinal tumor, neurogenic[27.l%] / thymoma [27.1%] / teratoma[26.4%] / congenital cystic[12.0%]. Surgery for tuberculosis was decreased to 15.8% of overall infectious disease from the recent 6 year`s average 35.7%. In general thoracic surgery, the single most frequent operation was closed thoracostomy[4,047 cases] for pleural pathology. The ratio of congenital to acquired heart disease was 2:1, and acyanotic to cyanotic was 3:1. The order of frequency of congenital acyanotic heart disease was VSD [45.6%] / ASD [25.6%] / PDA [20.4%] / PS [2.9%], and that of cyanotic heart disease was TOF [42.6%] / PA [12.9%] / TGA [9.9%] / DORV [8.8%]. In 1,364 cases of valvular surgery, single mitral pathology was the most frequent candidate[729 cases, 53.4%]. In 243 cases of coronary surgery, bypassing graft materials were great saphenous vein[41.6%], internal mammary [39.5%], and artificial vessel[18.9%]. There were no specific differences in aortic surgery, assisted device implantation, and antiarrhythmic surgery as compared to previous study. This nation-wide inquiry will be continued and reported annually by KTCS Society.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.124-127
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• 2010

Objective : The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) worldwide varies considerably. In spite of many reports about the incidence of SAH, there has been no report about the incidence of SAH on the basis of the Korean population. The purpose of this hospital-based study was to assess the actual incidence rates of aneurysmal SAH in Gwangju city and Jeollanamdo province. Methods : All cases of SAH confirmed by computerized tomography (CT) between January 2007 and December 2007 were selected for analysis. For the data collection, three major training hospital and ten general hospitals working the CT in Gwangju city and four major general hospitals in Jeollanamdo province participate in this study. Results : According to the official census of Korea, the population was 1,413,444 in Gwangju city and 1.929,836 in Jeollanamdo province in 2007. There were 163 patients in Gwangju city and 266 patients in Jeollanamdo province confirmed SAH by CT in 2007. The crude and the age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence rates per 100,000 population for all ages in Gwangju city were 11.5 and 12.4 for aneurysmal SAH and in Jeollanamdo province were 13.8 and 10.8. The incidence was higher in women and increased with age. The gender distribution varied with age. At young ages. the incidence was higher in men while after the age of 40 years, the incidence was higher in women. Conclusion : In the present study, the age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence rates is 11.8 in Gwangju city and Jeollanamdo province. The incidence was higher in women and increased with age.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.87-100
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• 1990

자연환경 방사선의 주 요소의 하나인 지각 방사선에 의한 피폭선량을 정량적으로 측정 해석하기 위하여 24개월간에 걸친 TLD에 의한 연속 적산선량 측정과 주기적인 감마선 분광분석을 수행하였다. TLD로는 LiF PTFE disk형을 사용하였으며 감마선 분광분석에서는 $3&{\phi}{\times}3'$원주형 Nal(Tl) 섬광검출기와 휴대형 다중파고 분석기 (4096 ch)를 사용하였다. 측정한 선량은 모두 실효 선량당량으로 평가하였으며 부수적으로 우주선 전리 성분에 의한 선량당량도 평가할 수 있었다. 분산 가중 평균값을 취한 결과에 의하면 대전 지역의 측정점에서 지각 방사선과 우주선 전리 성부의 체외 피폭에 의한 년간 실효 선량당량은 각각 $564{\pm}4\;{\mu}Sv(64.8{\pm}0.5nSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ 및 $300{\pm}2\;{\mu}Sv(34.3{\pm}0.2nSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$로 나타났다.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.173-176
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 대기복사모델인 MODTRAN를 이용해 다목적실용위성 2호 탑재체인 Multispectral Camera (MSC)의 입사복사량에 대한 계산을 수행하고 그 결과를 분석해 본다. 모델계산은 4 계절 조건을 모의실험하기 위해 1월 15일, 4월 15일, 7월 15일과 10월 15일에 대해 중위도 동절기 및 하절기, 그리고 US 표준대기를 사용했다. 다목적실용위성 2호 궤도 조건과 각 계절에 대한 대표적인 태양천정각 (solar zenith angle)을 이용하였다. 시정거리는 대류권 에어로솔 소광계수 (tropospheric aerosol extinction)에 해당하는 50 km를 사용하고 지표의 알비도는 맑은 날 지구 연평균 값에 해당하는 0.135가 사용되었다. MSC 계약서 값은 위 일반적 조건을 가정하고 얻은 모델 계산 총복사량보다 MSC 관측 파장대역 대부분에서 상당히 크다는 것을 알게 되었다. 이들 결과로부터 향후 획득될 MSC영상은 비교적 어두운 영상이 될 것으로 추론 되며 이에 대한 대책이 검토되고 수립되어야 하겠다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2013

Objectives: Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite, has been recognized as a frequent cause of waterborne disease due to its extremely strong resistance against chlorine disinfection. Although there has as yet been no report of a Cryptosporidium outbreak through drinking water in Korea, it is important to estimate the health risk of Cryptosporidium in water supply systems because of the various infection cases in human and domestic animals and frequent detection reports on their oocysts in water environments. Methods: This study evaluated the annual infection risk of Cryptosporidium in tap water using the quantitative microbial risk assessment technique. Exposure assessment was performed upon the results of a national survey on Cryptosporidium on the water sources of 97 large-scale water purification plants in Korea, water treatment efficacy, and daily unboiled tap water consumption. The estimates of the US Environmental Protection Agency on the mean likelihood of infection from ingesting one oocyst were applied for effect assessment. Results: Using probabilistic methods, mean annual infection risk of Cryptosporidiosis by the intake of tap water was estimated to fall within the range of $2.3{\times}10^{-4}$ to $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ (median $5.7{\times}10^{-4}$). The risk in using river sources was predicted to be four times higher than with lake sources. With 0.5-log higher removal efficacy, the risk was estimated to be $1.8{\times}10^{-4}$, and could then be lowered by one-third. Conclusions: These estimations can be compared with acceptable risk and then used to determine the adequacy and priority of various drinking water quality strategies such as the establishment of new treatment technology.