• 제목/요약/키워드: anisotropic condition

검색결과 199건 처리시간 0.028초

Effect of Ba Stearate Addition on Magnetic Properties of Ba-system W-type Ferrite Magnets

  • Yamamoto, Hiroshi;Nishio, Hiroaki;Sawayama, Yoshihito
    • 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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    • pp.1165-1166
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    • 2006
  • An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of Ba Stearate as a reducing agent on the magnetic and physical properties of anisotropic $BaFe_2-W$ type ferrite magnets. It was found that the magnetic properties of $BaO{\cdot}8.5Fe_2O_3$ were improved by adding 0.3 wt% of Ba Stearate, 0.5 wt% of $SiO_2$, and 0.5 wt% of CaO together. The optimum conditions for making magnets were as follows; semisintering condition: $1350^{\circ}C{\times}4.0$ h in nitrogen gas atmosphere, drying condition: $180^{\circ}C{\times}2.0$ h in air, sintering condition: $1160^{\circ}C{\times}1.5$ h in nitrogen gas atmosphere. Magnetic and physical properties of a typical sample were $J_m$ = 0.46 T, $J_r$ = 0.43 T, $H_{cJ}$ = 182.3 kA/m, $H_{cB}$ = 177.2 kA/m, $(BH)_{max}$ = 33.8 kJ/$m^3$, $T_C$ = $495^{\circ}C$ and $K_A$ = $2.65{\times}10^5\;J/m^3$ and $H_A$ = 1332 kA/m.

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Modeling of chloride diffusion in concrete considering wedge-shaped single crack and steady-state condition

  • Yang, Keun-Hyeok;Cheon, Ju Hyun;Kwon, Seung-Jun
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.211-216
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    • 2017
  • Crack on concrete surface allows more rapid penetration of chlorides. Crack width and depth are dominant parameters for chloride behavior, however their effects on chloride penetration are difficult to quantify. In the present work, the previous anisotropic (1-D) model on chloride diffusion in concrete with single crack is improved considering crack shape and roughness. In the previous model, parallel-piped shape was adopted for crack shape in steady-state condition. The previous model with single crack is improved considering wedge shape of crack profile and roughness. For verifying the proposed model, concrete samples for nuclear power plant are prepared and various crack widths are induced 0.0 to 1.2 mm. The chloride diffusion coefficients in steady-state condition are evaluated and compared with simulation results. The proposed model which can handle crack shape and roughness factor is evaluated to decrease chloride diffusion and can provide more reasonable results due to reduced area of crack profile. The roughness effect on diffusion is evaluated to be 10-20% of reduction in chloride diffusion.

Lyotropic Mesomorphisms of a Lamellar Liquid Crystalline Phase in Non-hydrous Condition: A Phospholipid Hydrated by Different Polar Solvents

  • Lee, Dong-Kyu;Jeong, Kwan-Young
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.1165-1171
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    • 2010
  • The lyotropic mesomorphism of lamellar liquid crystalline phase was examined by observing the swelling behavior of Distearoylphosphatidylcholine(DSPC) in glycerin and panthenol without water. The lyotropic mesomorphism was examined by using DSC, XRDs and Cryo-SEM. Increase of two polar solvents under non-hydrous condition showed distinctive differences in the lyotropic mesomorphism from forming different anisotropic structures with DSPC. Glycerin did not affect to the crystalline region of lamellar phase, whereas typical swelling mesomorphism was shown in the noncrystalline region. In contrast, panthenol showed some effect on the crystalline region, but common swelling mesomorphism was found in the non-crystalline region. In this case, the isopropyl and propyl groups in panthenol were the main factor to affect to the lipophilic domain in the crystalline region of lamellar phase. Also, it was found that the formation of well-arranged lamellar structure only by introducing glycerin and panthenol as a solvent without water, was possible. These results were confirmed by examination of the swelling mesomorphism of liquid crystal membrane triggered by introducing the two polar solvents.

Undrained strength-deformation characteristics of Bangkok Clay under general stress condition

  • Yimsiri, Siam;Ratananikom, Wanwarang;Fukuda, Fumihiko;Likitlersuang, Suched
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제5권5호
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    • pp.419-445
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    • 2013
  • This paper presents an experimental study on the influence of principal stress direction and magnitude of intermediate principal stress on the undrained stress-strain-strength behaviors of Bangkok Clay. The results of torsional shear hollow cylinder and advanced triaxial tests with various principal stress directions and magnitudes of intermediate principal stress on undisturbed Bangkok Clay specimens are presented. The analysis of testing results include: (i) stress-strain and pore pressure behaviors, (ii) stiffness characteristics, and (iii) strength characteristics. The results assert clear evidences of anisotropic characteristics of Bangkok Clay at pre-failure and failure conditions. The magnitude of intermediate principal stress for plane-strain condition is also investigated. Both failure surface and plastic potential in deviatoric plane of Bangkok Clay are demonstrated to be isotropic and of circular shape which implies an associated flow rule. It is also observed that the shape of failure surface in deviatoric plane changes its size, while retaining its circular shape, with the change in direction of major principal stress. Concerning the behavior of Bangkok Clay found from this study, the discussions on the effects of employed constitutive modeling approach on the resulting numerical analysis are made.

시화지역 퇴적층의 퇴적환경과 압밀 특성에 관한 연구 (An experimental study on depositional environments and consolidation properties of Shihwa deposits)

  • 원정윤;장병욱;김동범;손영환
    • 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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    • pp.203-210
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    • 2004
  • Consolidation properties were analysed by means of depositional environments. Depositional environments including geochemical properties, porewater chemistry, sediment structures, particle size distributions and carbon age dating were analysed using undisturbed samples retrieved successively from a boring hole in the study area. Laboratory oedometer tests and anisotropic consolidated triaxial tests(CKoUC) were performed to examine the overconsolidation phenomenons. Based on the carbon age dating results and profiles of geochemical properties, porewater chemistry, salinity and pH, it was founded that the upper silt/clay complex layer was deposited under marine condition while sand and clay layers were deposited under fluvial condition. Planar laminated structures of silts and clays were dominant in marine deposits. Although there was no clear evidences that geological erosion had been occurred in marine deposits, overconsolidation ratio obtained from oedometer tests were greater than unity. Stress paths of samples behaved similar to those of normally consolidated clays. Data plotted in stress state charts proposed by Burland(1990) and Chandler(2000) showed that the marine deposits were geologically normally consolidated. These apparent overconsolidations can be explained by the fabric and chemical bonding due to the difference of the rate of deposition.

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다양한 적층 배열을 갖는 복합 신소재 판 구조물의 유한차분 비선형 해석 (Finite Difference Nonlinear Analysis of Composite Plate Structures with Various Layer Sequences)

  • 이상범;이상열;이래철
    • 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.159-168
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구는 다양한 적층 배열을 갖는 비등방성을 보이는 첨단 복합 신소재 판구조물의 유한 차분 비선형 해석을 수행한다. 복잡한 편미분 방정식으로 표현되는 역학문제들을 수치해석 하는 경우 본 연구에서 사용한 유한차분법은 유한요소법에 비하여 체눈 생성 및 수치적분 과정을 피할 수 장점을 갖는다. 유한차분법을 이용한 많은 연구들은 단지 에너지 방법을 사용한 고정 혹은 단순 경계조건에 대하여 수행되었다. 그러나 이러한 접근방법은 자유경계에 대하여 불가피하게 발생하는 가상점 문제를 충분히 만족시킬 수 없다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 임의의 경계조건을 갖는 비등방성 복합 적층한의 비선형 거동 문제를 보다 효과적으로 해결할 수 있는 유한차분식을 정식화 하였다. 적층 배열 변화를 비롯한 다양한 매개변수에 대하여 본 연구에서 제안한 접근방법을 사용하여 적층판의 복잡한 비선형 거동을 분석하였다.

수소화물에 의한 이방성재료의 소형펀치(SP) 크리프 열화거동 (SP Creep Degradation of Anisotropic Materials by the Hydride)

  • 오동준
    • 대한공업교육학회지
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.204-223
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 이방성 재료인 Zr-2.5%Nb가 수소화물을 함유할 때, 고온 크리프 거동 특성을 규명하고자 한다. 이를 위해 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm의 수소화물을 장입한 Zr 합금을 이방성의 영향을 최소화하고 실제 하중 조건인 2축 응력을 구현하기 위해서 $300^{\circ}C$에서 SP 크리프 시험을 행하였다. 이 시험을 통해 SP 크리프 곡선을 얻었으며, 각각의 시험편의 경향을 비교하였다. 50, 100 ppm의 경우에는 수소화물에 의한 고온 크리프의 열화 거동을 확연히 구분할 수 있었다. 반면에 200 ppm의 경우에는 크리프의 열화가 발생하지 않았다. 이런 사실은 SP 크리프 상수와 응력지수의 비교에 의해서도 확인할 수 있었다. 50 ppm과 100 ppm의 경우에는 크리프 상수가 감소하고, 응력지수는 증가하는 것으로부터 Zr 합금의 열화를 확인할 수 있으나, 반면에 200 ppm의 경우에는 크리프 상수가 도리어 증가하고, 응력지수는 감소하였다. 이런 사실로부터 수소화물이 Zr 합금의 고온 크리프 거동의 특성을 좌우하는 매우 중요한 인자임을 확인하였다.

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정규압밀점성토의 이방성에 관한 연구 (Study on Anisotropy of Normally Consolidated Clay Soils)

  • 권오순;정충기
    • 한국지반공학회지:지반
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.41-50
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    • 1995
  • 자연상태의 점성토는 Ko상태로 존재하며 하중재하시 주웅력방향에 따라 다르게 거동하는 이방적 특성을 갖는다. 그러나 실험실에서 점성토의 강도특성을 파악하기 위하여 실시하고 있는 실험은 실용성과 간편성 때문에 등방압밀 삼축시험이 보편적으로 사용되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 정규압밀점성토의 이방적 특성과 압밀방법에 따른 전단특성을 고찰하기 위하여 토괴의 형태로 채취한 불교란 점성토를 등방압밀 또는 Ko압밀시켜 정규압밀상태에 도달하게 한 후 비배수삼축압축과 신장시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과 주응력방향에 따른 강도의 이방성을 작인하였다. 등방압 밀은 압밀시 시료에 가해지는 Ko상태보다 높은 평균주응력과 흙의 이방적 구조의 파괴때문에 비 배수강도를 과대평가하며 이방성이 감소하고 응력-변형률과 발생 과잉간극수압이 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었으며, 과압밀점성토의 경우 과압밀비를 감소시킨다. 또한 내부마찰각은 신장시험이 압축시험보다 큰 값을 나타내지만 파괴시의 응력상태를 이용하여 회귀분석한 결과에 따르면 신장시 점착력과 함께 나타나는 내부마찰각은 압축시험과 거의 같은 값을 가짐을 알 수 있었다.

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등방성 및 이방성 균열을 가진 콘크리트의 염화물 확산계수 모델링 (Modeling on Chloride Diffusivity in Concrete with Isotropic and Anisotropic Crack)

  • 이학수;배상운;권성준
    • 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.104-111
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    • 2013
  • 균열을 가진 콘크리트에서는 균열폭으로 유입되는 염화물 이온에 의해 열화가 가속화된다. 본 연구는 균열을 가진 콘크리트의 염화물 확산에 대한 모델링으로, 정상상태를 가정하여 1차원 (이방성) 및 2차원 (등방성) 균열 모델링을 수행하였다. 기존의 균열 모델링에서는 직사각형 균열패턴으로 모델링을 수행하였으나, 본 연구에서는 조도를 가진 쐐기형 형태로 균열을 모델링하였다. 검증을 위하여 1차원 유입에 대해서는 콘크리트 시편에 균열을 유입하여 염화물 영동실험을 수행하였으며, 2차원 유입에 대해서는 기존의 실험결과를 이용하여 검증을 수행하였다. 모든 경우에서 균열형태를 쐐기형으로 고려하여 염화물 확산성이 감소되었으며, 조도를 고려함으로서 합리적인 결과가 도출되었다. 특히 0.10~0.15의 조도계수를 고려할 때, 실험값에 가장 근접한 결과를 나타내었다.

Effect of visco-Pasternak foundation on thermo-mechanical bending response of anisotropic thick laminated composite plates

  • Fatima Bounouara;Mohamed Sadoun;Mahmoud Mohamed Selim Saleh;Abdelbaki Chikh;Abdelmoumen Anis Bousahla;Abdelhakim Kaci;Fouad Bourada;Abdeldjebbar Tounsi;Abdelouahed Tounsi
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제47권6호
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    • pp.693-707
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    • 2023
  • This article investigates the static thermo-mechanical response of anisotropic thick laminated composite plates on Visco-Pasternak foundations under various thermal load conditions (linear, non-linear, and uniform) along the transverse direction (thickness) of the plate, while keeping the mechanical load constant. The governing equations, which represent the thermo-mechanical behavior of the composite plate, are derived from the principle of virtual displacements. Using Navier's type solution, these equations are solved for the composite plate with simply supported condition. The Visco-Pasternak foundation type is included by considering the impact of the damping on the classical foundation model, which is modeled by Winkler's linear modulus and Pasternak's shear modulus. The excellent accuracy of the present solution is confirmed by comparing the results with those available in the literature. The study investigates the impact of geometric ratios, thermal expansion coefficient ratio, damping coefficient and foundation parameters on the thermo-mechanical flexural response of the composite plate. Overall, this article provides insights into the behavior of composite plates on visco-Pasternak foundations and may be useful for designing and analyzing composite structures in practical applications.