• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2020

We aimed to investigate the differences in the efficacy of insert and circumaural earphones when performing the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) test with dogs. Hearing loss may occur congenitally or secondarily in dogs. The BAER test, unlike the classical ethological method, is the most reliable diagnostic tool to assess canine auditory function. Furthermore, there are certain advantages of using insert earphones rather than the standard, circumaural earphones. We subjected eight dogs to the BAER test with insert earphones and circumaural earphones. The result revealed that the latency of waves was delayed with an insert earphone. The inter-peak latency did not show any significant differences between the two transducers, and the threshold was higher when using an insert earphone. Moreover, the circumaural headphones produced a greater degree of crossover effect than the insert earphones, and this cross-over effect could affect the outcomes of the BAER test. Considering these results, we concluded that insert earphones may be more appropriate when performing the canine BAER test.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 동물복지형 축산물의 경제적 가치를 국내외의 선행연구를 통하여 알아보고자 하였다. 이 연구를 위하여 국내 외에서 발간된 다양한 연구결과를 참고하였다. 분석결과 국내 외 모두 이 분야에 대한 연구가 그리 활발하지 않다는 점을 발견하였다. 분석은 소고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기, 칠면조고기 등의 육류와 계란에 대한 소비자들의 의식조사가 주를 이루고 있었다. 여기에 사용된 데이터는 설문조사를 통한 데이터가 주를 이루고 있었으며, Lexis-Nexis databases, 소고기, 돼지고기, 가금육, 비육류 식품에 대한 분기별 소비량과 소비자가격, 그리고 경매실험을 통한 데이터 등이 사용되었다. 한편, 분석모형으로는 Random parameters logit and latent c1ass model, WTP 분석, Roterdam model, Pearson's Chi test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, structural equation model, 회귀분석, Target-costing, 그리고 conjoint 분석 등이 사용되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1407-1412
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• 2018

본 연구는 오존화 올리브오일이 독성이 적으면서 다양한 종류의 미생물을 치사시킬 수 있으나 경우투여나 복강투여에도 인체에 해가 없는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그리고 국내에서는 아직 동물에 대한 안정성 실험이 없었다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 오존화 올리브오일을 사용하여 동물의 안구를 통한 안정성 실험을 하였다. 구체적인 연구에서는 rabbit에서 오존화오일(고농도)의 동물 눈 안점막 자극을 평가하기 위해 실시하였고, 시험물질 처치부위를 관찰한 결과, 비세척군 및 세척군 모두에서 안점막 자극이 관찰되지 않았다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.26.1-26.9
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• 2016

Objectives Korea's Act on the Registration and Evaluation of Chemicals (K-REACH) was enacted for the protection of human health and the environment in 2015. Considering that about 2000 new substances are introduced annually across the globe, the extent of animal testing requirement could be overwhelming unless regulators and companies work proactively to institute and enforce global best practices to replace, reduce or refine animal use. In this review, the way to reduce the animal use for K-REACH is discussed. Methods Background of the enforcement of the K-REACH and its details was reviewed along with the papers and regulatory documents regarding the limitation of animal experiments and its alternatives in order to discuss the regulatory adoption of alternative tests. Results Depending on the tonnage of the chemical used, the data required ranges from acute and other short-term studies for a single exposure route to testing via multiple exposure routes and costly, longer-term studies such as a full two-generation reproducibility toxicity. The European Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals regulation provides for mandatory sharing of vertebrate test data to avoid unnecessary duplication of animal use and test costs, and obligation to revise data requirements and test guidelines "as soon as possible" after relevant, validated replacement, reduction or refinement (3R) methods become available. Furthermore, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development actively accepts alternative animal tests and 3R to chemical toxicity tests. Conclusions Alternative tests which are more ethical and efficient than animal experiments should be widely used to assess the toxicity of chemicals for K-REACH registration. The relevant regulatory agencies will have to make efforts to actively adopt and uptake new alternative tests and 3R to K-REACH.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1098-1102
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• 2018

Objective: Temperament can be defined as a type of behavioral tendency that appears in a relatively stable manner in responses to various external stimuli over time. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the records of temperament testing that are used to improve the temperament of Jeju crossbred (Jeju${\times}$Thoroughbred) horses. Methods: This study was conducted using 205 horses (101 females and 104 males) produced between 2010 and 2015. The experimental animals were imprinted and tamed according to the Manual for Horse Taming and Evaluation for Therapeutic Riding Horses and evaluated according to the categories for temperament testing (gentleness, patience, aggressiveness, sensitivity, and friendliness) between 15 months and 18 months of age. Each category was scored on a five-point linear scale. Genetic parameters for the test categories were analyzed using a multi-trait mixed model with repeated records. The ASReml program was used to analyze the data. Results: The heritability of gentleness, patience, aggressiveness, sensitivity and friendliness ranged from 0.08 to 0.53. The standard errors of estimated heritability ranged from 0.13 to 0.17. The test categories showed high genetic correlations with each other, ranging from 0.96 to 0.99 and high repeatability, ranging from 0.70 to 0.73. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the test categories had moderate heritability and high genetic correlations, but additional studies may be necessary to use the results for the improvement programs of the temperament of Jeju crossbred horses.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.280-294
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• 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of propolis extract as a natural preservative for livestock products in term of chemical and microbiological characteristics by meta-analysis. The stages carried out in this study were identification, selection, checking suitability, and the resulting selected articles were used in the meta-analysis. The selection results obtained a total of 22 selected journal articles consisting of 9 articles for analysis of the antimicrobial activity of propolis extract and 13 articles for analysis of the chemical and mirobiological characteristics of livestock products. The articles were obtained from electronic databases, namely Science Direct and Google Scholar. The model used in this study is the random-effect model involving two groups, control and experimental. Heterogeneity and effect size values were carried out in this study using Hedge's obtained through openMEE software. Forest plot tests and data validation on publication bias was obtained using Kendall's test throught JASP 0.14.1 software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between propolis extract with the results of the antimicrobial activity (p<0.05). In addition, the results of the application of propolis extract on the livestock products for the test microbes and the value of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) showed significant results (p<0.05). Conclusion based on the random-effect model on the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity of propolis extract and their apllication as a natural preservative of the chemical and microbiological characteristics of livestock products is valid by Kendall's test (p>0.05). Propolis in this case effectively used as natural preservatives in livestock products.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.343-348
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• 1990

Total 51 calves born from both 28 seropositive and 23 seronegative dams were subjected to study both prenatal and postnatal infections of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), and the duration of passive colostral antibody by means of immunodiffusion (ID) test. All calves were tested for precolostral and postcolostral periods by 16 months of age. The results were as follows: 1. Of 28 precolostral sera of the calves born from infected dams, one appeared positive, indicating in utero BLV infection from the dam. 2. BLV-antibody test for the postcolostral sera of the calves born from seropositive or seronegative dams showed that the colostral antibody of the calves disappeared from 2 to 6 months of age, and the increase of the number of seropositive calves initiated from 3 to 4 months of age indicated postnatal infection.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1995

An efficient Treatment of animal wastewater is one of the hot issues for preventing the environmental pollution. It should be established the design parameter in order to purify the animal wastewater. A test is carried on in the pilot plant as a simplified activated sludge process. A vibration sieve separator is deviced to keep the pollution load constant by means of separation of solid matter. The BOD removal efficiency of the vibration sieve showed over 50%. As the test results, the BOD contents of the influent was in average of 3,000 mg/I and that of the effluent 85 mg/I. So, the BOD removal rate showed 97% in average. The SS-contents in the primary chamber was about 3,300 mg/I and that of effluent 92 mg/I. The SS removal efficiency showed 97%. The removal rate of total nitrogen and phosphore were in average of 82% respectively. Carrying out in winter season, it showed relatively good results; The design parameter approved in this test can be applied to the full-time farmers.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.349-358
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• 1997

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel syndrome in ruminants. The attempts to control or eradicate the disease were severely hampered by the inadequacies of present diagnostic methods. The first purpose of this study was to detect Johne's disease out of 577 cows in the province of Kyunggi, Chungchong, Gangweon and the second purpose was to compare the results of non-absorbed ELISA, absorbed ELISA, PCR, and conventional culture methods. The third purpose was to increase diagnostic specificity, accuracy and rapidity. When non-absorbed ELISA test was conducted with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis antigen, the prevalence of positive was 10.9%. To increase diagnostic specificity, absorbed ELISA test with Mycobacterium phlei was used. In this test, the positive prevalence was 1.7%. For the specific detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, PCR was applied to bacterial culture obtained from fecal samples of cattle. The DNA sequences derived from IS900 were used to prepare DNA primers for detection and identification of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by PCR. PCR for M paratuberculosis isolated from fecal cultures amplified specific target DNA. PCR was much more rapid than that obtained by conventional culture technique in diagnosis of Johne's disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1530-1540
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• 2016

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and acetone concentration in milk by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy along with test-day milk production traits including fat %, protein % and milk yield based on monthly samples of milk obtained as part of a routine milk recording program in Korea. Additionally, the feasibility of using such data in the official dairy cattle breeding system for selection of cows with low susceptibility of ketosis was evaluated. A total of 57,190 monthly test-day records for parities 1, 2, and 3 of 7,895 cows with pedigree information were collected from April 2012 to August 2014 from herds enrolled in the Korea Animal Improvement Association. Multi-trait random regression models were separately applied to estimate genetic parameters of test-day records for each parity. The model included fixed herd test-day effects, calving age and season effects, and random regressions for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Abundance of variation of acetone may provide a more sensitive indication of ketosis than many zero observations in concentration of milk BHBA. Heritabilities of milk BHBA levels ranged from 0.04 to 0.17 with a mean of 0.09 for the interval between 4 and 305 days in milk during three lactations. The average heritabilities for milk acetone concentration were 0.29, 0.29, and 0.22 for parities 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was no clear genetic association of the concentration of two ketone bodies with three test-day milk production traits, even if some correlations among breeding values of the test-day records in this study were observed. These results suggest that genetic selection for low susceptibility of ketosis in early lactation is possible. Further, it is desirable for the breeding scheme of dairy cattle to include the records of milk acetone rather than the records of milk BHBA.