• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1525-1529
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• 2004

Most of the recently developed robots are human friendly robots which imitate an animal or human such as entertainment robot, bio-mimetic robot and humanoid robot. Interest in these robots are increasing since the social trend is focused on health, welfare, and graying. By these social backgrounds, robots become more human friendly and suitable for home or personal environment. The more bio-mimetic robots resemble living creature, the more human feels familiarity. People feel close friendship not only when they feed a pet, but also when they watch a pet having the food. Most of entertainment robots and pet robots use internal-type batteries and have a self-recharging function. Entertainment robots and pet robots with internal-type batteries are not able to operate during charging the battery. So far there have been a few robots that do not depend on a battery. However, they need a bulky energy conversion unit and a slug or foods as an energy source, which is not suitable for home or personal application. In this paper, we introduce a new bio-mimetic entertainment robot with autonomous feeding functionality, called ELIRO-1(Eating LIzard RObot version 1). The ELIRO-1 is able to find a food (a small battery), feed by itself and evacuate. We describe the design concept of the autonomous feeding mechanism of the ELIRO-1, characteristics of sub-parts of the manufactured mechanism and the control system.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2008

Based on the former researches, this article studied the influence of cone harvesting of Korean pine on the regeneration of Korean pine trees and the life of animals in Mt. Changbai Nature Reserve. When the cone matures, scales of the cone do not open so the seeds can not be released automatically. And the seeds, if left inside, are hard to germinate and can not grow further into seedlings. The seeds of Korean pine have deep dormancy characteristics. Natural regeneration of Korean pine is very poor under mother trees. Hoarding behavior of dispersing animals not only helps animals for food shortage period but also contributes to the dispersion of seeds of Korean pine. Among those hoarding animals, squirrel and Eurasian nutcrackers are found to be the most important dispersing agents for the seeds of Korean pine. After cone harvesting, the number of those dispersers reduced a lot since the seeds of Korean pine are very important food for them. Seed quantity of Korean pine on surface layer became very few and most of them only showed single distribution. Most of the seeds were buried under litter layer and showed a single or 2-4 seeds/cluster distribution. The case of more than 4 seeds in one cluster was few. The seed quantity of Korean pine forest on steep slopes of the research area was only 0.3% of the seed quantity in 1980 for the same forest type. If seed source of Korean pine are not protected, Korean pine forest in Mt. Changbai Nature Reserve would not maintain present feature in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.883-891
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• 1994

The number of diabetics in Korea is about 3 to 5 percent of the population, and the incidence is increasing yearly due to changes of life style and food intake. Diet is a key element in the management of diabetes, yet the appropriate diet for diabetes remains controversial. We have recently shown that a diet rich in protein of animal origin(casein) seems beneficial to controling plasma glucose and lipids in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. It therefore seemed desirable to find out whether the beneficial effect of high casein diet in experimental diabetes could also be reproduced with a vegetable source of protein(soy). The purpose of this study is to compare these results with the results of our previous study. In the present study, non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were studied in order to examine the effects of altering the level(20% vs 60%) of dietary soy protein on blood glucose, lipids, and hormones. Results of the present study showed that a high soy protein diet decreased triglyceride concentration in diabetic rats. However, diabetic rats fed a high soy protein diet were not hypocholesterolemic compared to rats fed a control diet. Moreover, diabetic rats fed a high soy protein diet had significantly increased plasma glucose concentration compared to rats fed a control diet. This study was not able to discern a specific effect of dietary protein level on insulin, glucagon, or insulin/glucagon ratio. Except for the hypotriglyceridemic effect, the results were not similar to the findings of our previous study which showed a beneficial effect on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed a high casein diet.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2002년도 창립 10주년 기념 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.64-71
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• 2002

Rice(Oryza stiva L.) is a major cereal food providing nourishment to over half of the world's populations and was considered only as a source of energy. However, The recent many researches have been made to suggest that rice may relate to prevention chronic disease and health-promoting properties such as postprandial glucose response, hypocholesterolemic effect and blood pressure-lowering effect. There has been numerous observation supporting that rice has hypocholesterolemic effect. Rice, rice bran, rice bran oil and unsaponifiable matter of rice bran oil reduced plasma cholesterol in rat, hamster as well as human. Components of rice showing hypocholesterolemic effect include dietary fiber(hemicellulose, phytic acid). protein, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol, $\beta$-sitosterol, and tocotrienols. Crapo et al has been studied that the effect of various of starchy foods on the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy and diabetic humans. The results showed that rice had lower blood glucose and insulin responses compared to potato, bread and dextrose. The different physical forms in the same starch also produce the different postprandial glucose and insulin responses. In recent years, several studies have shown that some components of rice have potent antioxidant activity against Fe$^{2+}$ -ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomal membranes. Cell culture and animal studies have shown that some components of rice have inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of several types of human cancer cell. It was also reported that the methanol extract of brown rice has antimutagenic activity against various mutagens. In addition, the pepsine hydrolysate from rice protein is reported to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme activity. GABA (${\gamma}$ - aminobutyric acid) and GABA enriched rice germ is also effective for lowering blood pressure and triglyceride levels.s.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.673-677
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• 1993

백서를 이용하여 콩가공품(두부, 비지)의 섭취가 간장 및 혈청의 콜레스테롤 농도에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 단백질원으로서 casein, 건조두부분말 또는 casein과 건조비지분말의 혼합물(3 : 1, w/w)을 코레스테롤이 첨가된 정제사료로 4주간 수컷 백서를 사육하였다. 두부분말과 비지혼합물의 섭취는 카제인 단독섭취에 비하여 현저한 혈청콜레스테롤 농도를 감소시켰다. HDL-콜레스테롤농도는 카제인 섭취군이 다른 두 군보다 높았으나, HDL-콜레스테롤과 총콜레스테롤 농도에 비해 유의한 차이는 없었다. 간장콜레스테롤은 caseind을 섭취했던 두 군에 비하여 두부섭취군에서 현저하게 낮은 온도를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 콜레스테롤 첨가사료를 섭취한 백서에 있어서 콩가공품의 콜레스테롤 저하작용, 더 나아가 비지의 섭취는 식이중 동물성 단백질의 존재에도 불구하고 효과적인 혈청콜레스테롤 농도의 조절 가능성을 시사한다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.496-501
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• 1995

Cellulomonas sp. KL-6 균주의 균체내 외 단백질은 배양 5일째에 $266\;{\mu}g/m{\ell},\;37\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$로 가장 많이 생산하였다. 본 실험에서 사용한 KL-6 균주는 볏짚을 분쇄 후 1.0% NaOH와 10% $NH_4OH$로 $80^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 처리한 후 $H_3PO_4$로 중화하여 탄소원으로 이용하였을 때 각각 $1.63\;g/{\ell}$ 및 $1.47\;g/{\ell}$의 SCP가 생산되어 처리하지 않은 볏짚의 $0.5\;g/{\ell}$ 보다 균체수율이 증가되었다. KL-6 균주가 생산한 SCP의 필수아미노산의 함량이 FAO 표준단백질에 비해 많아 영양적 가치가 매우 우수하였다. 그러나 실제 동물사육에 이 균체를 이용코저 할 때는 균체의 세포벽을 파쇄후 사용해야 되리라 사료된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2018

The giant mealworm beetle, Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a tropical beetle. As this beetle can be used as an ingredient in animal feed, the effects of brewer's spent grain (BSG) on the development and nutritional value of Z. atratus were investigated. As results, there were no significant differences on the larval survival rate, body weight, and duration at different content of BSG, mixed with conventional feed, wheat bran (WB). Based on these results, BSG can be mixed with wheat bran as a Z. atratus food ingredient without any problems. The nutritional value was compared between 100% wheat bran control and 50% BSG experimental groups. The moisture, crude protein, carbohydrates, and amino acids were 1.1-1.4 times higher in the 50% BSG group. In the BSG group, the linoleic acid content was 1.6 times higher than that in the control group. In the wheat bran group, the oleic acid content was 38.4%, which was 1.3 times higher than that in the BSG group. As minerals, the control and BSG groups showed high potassium and phosphorus contents. In terms of hazardous materials, four heavy metals (lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium) and two microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.) were not detected. There were no significant differences in developmental characteristics between the wheat bran and BSG mixed groups, and the nutritional values were better in the BSG mixed group. Therefore, BSG can be used as alternative food source for rearing Z. atratus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.151-166
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• 2023

Yeast extract is a product prepared mainly from waste brewer's yeast, which is rich in nucleotides, proteins, amino acids, sugars and a variety of trace elements, and has the advantages of low production cost and abundant supply of raw material. Consequently, yeast extracts are widely used in various fields as animal feed additives, food flavoring agents and additives, cosmetic supplements, and microbial fermentation media; however, their full potential has not yet been realized. To improve understanding of current research knowledge, this review summarizes the ingredients, production technology, and applications of yeast extracts, and discusses the relationship between their properties and applications. Developmental trends and future prospects of yeast extract are also previewed, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the development and expansion of future applications.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2008

본 연구는 2007년 3월부터 10월까지 충남대학교 부속사육장 및 전북 남원시 운봉읍 소재 가축유전자원시험장에서 수행하였다. 공시시료는 화본과목초(gasses)는 Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis, Agrostis alba 및 mixed grasses의 5종과, 두과목초(legumes)는 Trifolium pratense, Medicago sative, Trifolium repens, Melilotus officinalis 및 Vicia villosa의 5종 수엽(樹葉, browse)으로 Quercus serrata Thunb., Prunus jamasakura Sieb., Quercus aliena Blume, Robinia pseudoaccacia 및 Pinus densiflora의 5종과 잡초(weeds)는 Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Erigeron canadensis, Alopecurus aegualis Sobolewski, Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea(Roxb.) Wight 및 Rumex crispus의 5종을, 야초(native grasses)는 Zoysia japonica Steudel, Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens(HACK) Ohwi., Arundinella hirta(Thunb.) Tanaka, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss 및 Phragmites comunis Trin의 5종 등 총 25종을 공시하였다. 시험축은 재래산양(남) 10두를 공시하였으며, 평균체중은 30.6kg이었다. 시료는 초종 당 건물기준으로 0.5kg씩 급여하였고 오전 8시부터 오후 8시까지 전북 남원시 운봉읍 소재 가축유전자원시험장 축사내에서 수행하였으며 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 공시시료의 조사료원별로 분석한 화학적 성분과 5건물소화율은 대체적으로 채취장소 초종, 생육단계 및 예취시기에 따라 차이를 보였다. 채식량, 채식비율 및 채식순위는 초종 및 수종에 따라 차이를 보였으며, 대체적으로 섬유소물질의 함량이 낮은 반면에 건물소화율이 높은 조사료를 더 즐겨 채식하는 양상이었다. 재래산양은 Quercus serrata Thunb.(졸참나무 잎, 500g)을 가장 즐겨 채식하였으며, 다음은 Quercus aliena Blume(갈참나무 잎, 441g), Trifolium repens(white clover, 433g), Pinus densiflora(소나무 잎, 417g) 순이었으며 다른 가축이 즐겨 먹지 않는 Pinus densiflora나 Artemisia princeps Pampanini(쑥)도 즐겨 채식하였다. 재래산양의 조사료원별 채식분포를 보면 수엽 29.9%, 두과목초 23%, 잡초 21.6%, 화본과목초 21.5% 및 야초 4.0%를 채식하였던 것으로 보아 채식습성은 수엽채식형(browser type)에 더 가까운 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to examine contamination sources and provide the basic data in establishment of sanitary standard for raw pork meat. From \"Random sampling(I)\", initial total plate counts of post-slaughter samples for the group A, B and C were 1.5${\times}10^4$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, 5.5${\times}10^5$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$ and 1.8${\times}10^4$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, respectively, and of post-prechilling samples for the group A, B and C were 1.0${\times}10^4$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, 4.6${\times}10^5$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$ and 2.5${\times}10^4$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. Initial total plate counts of post-transportation samples for the group D, E and F did not increased, as did the group A, B and C. From \"Normal sampling(II)\", initial total plate counts of post-slaughter, post-prechilling, post-transportation and post-2 days preservation samples were 7.3${\times}10^4$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, 9.6${\times}10^4$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, 2.0${\times}10^5$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$ and 2.5${\times}10^5$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. From \"Clean sampling(III)\", initial total plate counts of post-slaughter, post-prechilling, post-transportation and post-2 days preservation samples were decreased to 7.0${\times}10^2$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, 7.5${\times}10^2$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, 8.5${\times}10^2$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$ and 5.5${\times}10^3$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, respectively, compared with "Normal sampling(II)". No E. coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella were detected at each sampling step. Consequently, a slaughter method like "Clean sampling(III)" showed a better sanitary effect to low total plate counts of 10$^2$∼10$^3$times, compared with "Normal sampling(II)". The one of contamination sources for raw pork meat was at a slaughtering step, and "Clean sampling" method may be considered as the one of sanitary standards.