• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1047-1062
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• 2009

Nowadays, ethical consumers are increasing and they consider social values such as worker's human rights, environment and animal's welfare as key criteria in purchasing products. This study focused on the academic and practical research of ethical consumption, in which the needs and interests are now growing globally. This study addressed the concept, trend and practices of ethical consumption as well as seeking methods to support and promote ethical consumption. It examined the concept and types of ethical consumption from the perspective of the philosophy on ethical consumption. Ethical consumption was defined as a behavior that intended to improve the environment and the welfare of people and animals by purchasing products produced according to sound ethical principles and avoiding products that are made through the exploitation or the damage of people, animals and the environment. It also dealt with the practices of ethical consumption such as the fair trade movement, Clean Clothes Campaign, boycott, local food movement, animal's welfare movement. In conclusion, I suggested that consumers, companies, governments, and NGOs should make an effort to promote ethical consumption.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.339-355
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• 2005

Nutrient balance is important to develop environmentally friendly agriculture. Phosphorus surplus in nutrient balance was more serious than that of nitrogen. Nitrogen and phosphorus exceeded twice the requirement at 30 cities/counties and 32 among 165, respectively. Given livestock waste and optimal nutrient balance, the proper number of animal feeding was 1.68LU/ha. Considering livestock waste only, the optimal number of livestock feeding was 3,918,000LU (heads) and, including fertilizer that would be 2,288,000LU. It is recommended to introduce the regional control system to regulate nutrient input and output, and the trading system of livestock feeding rights to control that.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.196-208
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• 2018

This paper described the contents of the WTO (world trade organization) SPS (world trade organization) Agreement and trends in the WTO SPS provisions such as equivalence, localization, transparency, and risk assessment. The purpose of the WTO SPS agreement is to promote international trade by preventing arbitrary and unreasonable use of SPS measures, which are the rights of a country for the protection of human health and animal and plant health, and by abolishing the non-tariff barriers. To this end, the requirements for implementing the SPS measures taken by the importing country are restricted to those that can scientifically prove to be inevitable for SPS protection. The major provisions in WTO SPS agreement were elaborated to promote international trades. When trade-restricted SPS measures such as prohibition of imports are made, a scientific basis should be provided. Therefore, it is essential to provide scientific evidence based on risk analysis to protect people's health from potentially harmful imported foods.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.373-386
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examined the perception of the vegan trend of millennials and their future needs. Methods: This study was conducted online from June 21, 2021, to July 15, 2021, targeting 425 adult men and women born between 1980 and 2000. The contents of the survey were divided into four categories: general information, awareness of vegetables, awareness of vegan trends, and future needs for vegan trends. Results: Most respondents recognized the importance of eating vegetables and perceived vegetarianism and veganism as a lifestyle. Regarding the perception of the vegan trend, the highest response rate was 'The vegan trend is to be satisfied with my life regardless of other people', while the lowest response rate was 'The vegan trend is only a temporary fad'. The reasons for purchasing vegan products with high response rates were 'interest in the earth and environment', 'protection of animal rights', and 'thinking about health'. The type of vegan product wanted in the future was delicious food, and convenience level was in the order of 'completely cooked', 'half-cooked', and 'pre-processed'. Among the sustainable vegetarian types that millennials responded, 'semi-vegetarian', which can consume most animal products excluding red meat, showed the highest response rate. Conclusions: The positive perceptions about vegetables are expected to increase. Efforts should be made to develop convenient meals using vegetables and provide reasonable prices to expand vegetable intake.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.2039-2043
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• 2007

Like other major river basin systems in the West of the United States the Platte River Basin are faced with the challenges of allocating more water for plant and animal species. A part of the Central Platte River was designated as critical habitat for the whooping crane in 1978. The water allocation system in the Platte River Basin is dominated by the Prior Appropriation Doctrine, which allocates water according to the priorities based on the date of water use. The Platte River Basin segregated into five subregions for purpose of analysis. 24 years of historic records of monthly flow and all the demands were complied. The simulation of river basin modeling includes physical operation of the system including water allocation by water rights and interstate compact agreements, reservoir operations, and diversion with consumptive use and return flow. MODSIM, a generalized river basin network model, was used for estimating the timing and magnitude of impacts on river flows and diversions associated with water transfers from each region. A total of 20 alternatives were considered, covering transfers from each of the five regions of basin with several options. The result shows that the timing and availability of augmented water at the critical habitat is not only a function of use by junior appropriators, but also of river losses, and timing of return flows.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.212-225
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• 2018

This study is based on the purpose of organizing and planning a fundraising for Daum Kakao's 'storyfunding' during the recent crowdfunding that uses mobile-based Internet platforms to raise funds. Analysis by project subjects shows that one planner is more efficient if the ability of one planner, such as 'publishing', is important. However, there were many group A types of contents that require variety of expertise such as 'campaign' and 'journalism' after funding is completed. As a result of analysis by planning purposes, there were the most funds available to produce contents. This is a sign that there are many projects that match the basic purpose of story funding. There are also many other purposes for the purpose of raising public opinion for the project or the establishment of monuments, or for the support of people, animals, or animal rights groups. And there is a private equity fund to sell or promote products. Such quantitative research and analysis will accurately determine the current situation of crowdfunding and will provide basic data such as efficient human composition and goals setting to achieve the goals of crowdfunding in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2016

Mallard and Spot-billed ducks that are typical wintering water birds use the wide rice field in the center of the water system as a wintering ground. I try to figure out the daily movement distance from Home-Range to wintering ground for mallard and spot-billed ducks in Mangyunggang, Dongjingang where located in central region. In 2015 wintering period by using a Cannon-net, I attached WT-300 to 5 mallard and 5 spot-billed ducks. Daily movement distance is an overall average 0.89km, the largest distance was 31.09km. Daily movement distance of mallard was 0.97km, the largest distance was 28.78km. Daily movement distance of Spot-billed ducks was 0.80km, the largest distance was 33.39km. Home-Range analysis is used by the SHP files that is compatible with GIS and ArcGIS 9.0 Animal Movement Extension, it was analyzed using the Minimum Convex Polygon Method (MCP) and the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). The behavior rights of two kinds of ducks was $490.34km^2$ by Minimum Convex Polygon Method (MCP) ($SD=311.20km^2N=10$), an important habitats Kernel Density Estimation (KDE 50%) was $42.24km^2$. Home-Range of Mallard (MCP) was $568.02km^2$, it is wider than home-range(MCP) of spot-billed duck $397.13km^2$ relatively, the core habitats of mallard is $53.05km^2$, it is wider than mallard's core habitats(KDE 50%) $29.26km^2$ relatively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.7
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• pp.17-33
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• 2016

Consumption of faux fur is a part of ethical consumption, and is valuable in terms of protecting and caring for animals. The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning of consuming faux fur (i.e., characteristics of faux fur consumption and how consumers relate faux fur with ethical issues) from the perspective of consumer culture theory. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with those who have purchased faux fur. Two overarching themes emerged in regards to consuming faux fur, altruistic and egoistic orientation. Regarding the altruistic orientation, participants were sympathetic to animals, and considered consumption as part of practicing social responsibility and ethics. Participants had concerns for animal rights and conflicts with others who consumed actual fur. They viewed faux fur as an alternative to actual fur. Regarding egoistic orientation, participants isolated themselves from ethical issues in order to be free from guilt. Despite the preference for actual fur, they compromised between their desire and social criticism. Furthermore, their intention was to pretend as if they were wearing actual fur or move onto a completely different style, and had a negative outlook on social change regarding the adoption of faux fur. The findings contribute to a better understanding of consumer culture of consuming faux fur. Further research on diverse aspects of ethical consumption is warranted.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.625-633
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• 2023

The global pet culture-related industry is currently experiencing a trend of expansion. Within the pet industry, pet food holds a significant share, occupying a substantial portion. Presently, the domestic pet food market exhibits a high dependency on imported products, underscoring the critical importance of prioritizing the acquisition of intellectual property rights to ensure competitiveness and facilitate technological development within the relevant industry. we have undertaken an assessment of the current status and prospects of domestic pet food patents. Specifically, we have conducted temporal and applicant-specific statistical analyses, as well as IPC technology analyses, to examine the stages of technological advancement, corporate technological development and innovation capabilities, patent application distribution, and the technological landscape of key enterprises and research institutions. The research findings indicate that domestic research activities related to pet food have entered a mature phase, and the trends in patent applications for domestic pet food indicate a notable participation of multinational corporations alongside domestic enterprises.

• Ocean policy research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.183-204
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• 2018

Whaling has been banned in Republic of Korea after the declaration of the moratorium on the commercial whaling by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) since 1986. Korean government followed the moratorium immediately. However whale meat market has been kept by the bycaught whales and dolphins. So Korean government established a rule to control and trace whale meat in the market in 2011. The rule has some loopholes to allow illegally taken whale meat smuggle into the market. This study investigates the flaws in the current rule and recommend the way to overcome that defects. The first step is to prevent the entry of the illegal whale meat into the market. Minor change of the current law would be a solution. The next measure is to increase the sampling rate of the whale DNA that allowed to distribute in the market. The DNA database would be a powerful tools to identify illegal whale meat which is existing in the market. Korean government is operating three kind of food traceability systems. However, because of the legal limitations and the opposition of the non-governmental animal rights organizations, it is difficult to include whale meat to the existing systems. So the last step is to establish a new Traceability System with a state-of-the-art IT technology like as blockchain. The three measures mentioned above would increase the transparency in the whale meat market and prevent the entry of the illegal products.