• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.361-368
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• 1994

Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of mercury have been reported, however, there is little information about possible antidotes against mercury exposure during gestation. In order to evaluate therapeutic effects of selenium as an antidote against mercury poisoning, pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to methylmercury chloride(20ppm) through the drinking water with treatment of sodium selenite (1.0mg, 2.0mg or 3.0mg/kg b.w., subcutaneously) or BAL(5.0mg/kg b.w., subcutaneously) under the single or combination base as the therapeutic agents from day 6 to 15 of gestation. Fetal growth parameters such as body weight and crown-rump length in the mice exposed to mercury, were reduced as was placental weight compared to those in the control. Treatment of selenium(alone, combination with BAL) reduced the harmful effects induced by mercury on the fetal growth parameters even though no specific relationship between dose and therapeutic effect. The incidence of dead fetuses/resorptions and malformed fetuses(especially cleft palate) was also increased in the mercury only treated group. Selenium treatment demonostrated reduced the incidence of abnormal fetuses under the exposure of mercury. Relative maternal organ weights(liver, kidney, spleen) were increased significantly but relative brain weight was decreased as evidenced by decreased in the mercury treated mice compared to that in the control. A subtle indication of maternal mercury toxicity evidenced by changes of relative maternal organ weights, decreased water and feed consumption were also prevented efficiently by selenium treatment. The present study suggests that methylmercuric chloride is embrytoxic and teratogenic in CD-1 mice when exposured during organogenesis and that selenium administration may have therapeutic application for the treatment of mercury poisoning although more applicable study in human should be performed with caution in the future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48
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• pp.13-23
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• 2003

The trace mineral, selenium (Se), is an essential nutrient of fundamental importance to human health. It is also very toxic and can cause Se poisoning (selenosis) in human and animals when its intake exceeds a suitable amount. Se functions within mammalian systems primarily in the form of solenoprotein. About 35 selenoproteins have been identified, though many have not yet been fully elucidated. Selenoproteins contain Se as selenocyseine (Sec) and perform variety of structural and enzymic roles; the enzymic roles are best-known as the antioxidants for hydrogen peroxides and lipid peroxides, and the catalysts for production of activity thyroid hormone. Glutathione peroxidases ($\textrm{GP}_X$) among the selenoproteins prevent the generation of free radicals and decrease the risk of oxidative damage to tissues, as does thioredoxin reductase (TR). TR also provides reducing power for several biochemical processes. Selenoproteins P and W are involved with oxidant defense in plasma and muscle, respectively, A selenoprotein is also required for sperm motility and may reduce the risk of miscarriage. Some epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse correlation between Se status and cardiovascular disease, and there is considerable evidence 1mm population com-parison data and animal studies that Se is anticarcinogenic. It is also suggested that Se should be needed for the proper functioning of the immune system, and appear to be a key nutrient in counteracting the development of virulence and inhibiting HIV progression to AIDS. As research continues, the role of selenium in the etiology of chronic diseases like appropriate medical nutrition therapy can be delivered and its effectiveness assessed. Se status in individuals is affected by diet and the availability of the Se. The Se content of plants is affected by the content and availability of the element in the soil in which they are grown, and so greatly varies from country to country, while the Se composition of meat reflects the feeding patterns of livestock. This paper provides an overview on Se as an essential trace mineral for human.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.430-435
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata ethanol-extract on food spoilage or foodborne disease microorganism. The antimicrobial activity of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract was determined by a paper disc method. The extract exhibited growth inhibiting activities in a concentration dependent manner on 7 species of microorganisms. The extract of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7. The growth inhibitory effects of the extract at the concentration of 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/L on food poisoning microorganism were determined against Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. The growth of microorganisms was not affected by the extract at the concentration up to 250 mg/L, but was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by the extract at the concentration higher than 500 mg/L. The results in the present study demonstrate antimicrobial effects of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata ethanol-extract against foodborne pathogens, suggesting that Ampelopsis brevipedunculata could be an effective natural antibacterial agent in food.

• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.30.1-30.4
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• 2020

Background: Tiryaq-e-arba is a polyherbal Unani antidote/antivenom formulation used in the management of poisoning due to snake bite, scorpion bite as well as in cold poisons since time immemorial. Objectives: Tiryaq-e-arba was not evaluated scientifically before this study carried out, therefore it was studied for antivenom activity by testing on plasma fibrinogen level in Russell's Viper envenomation in rabbits. Material &Methods: The anti-venom activity of the test drug was studied by observing its effect on plasma fibrinogen level in Russell's Viper envenomation in rabbits by the method of Netelson. Results: The plasma fibrinogen level was found to be 171±665.04 mg/100 ml of blood, 36.18±1.12 mg/100 ml of blood, 33.14±0.52 mg/100 ml of blood and 17.9±1.65 mg/100 ml of blood at 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours respectively in control animals while in the test animal it was found to be 157.13±3.44 mg/100 ml of blood, 41.13±2.69 mg/100 ml of blood, 62.09±1.65 mg/100 ml of blood and 54.39±0.73 mg/100 ml of blood respectively. The test showed that though the plasma fibrinogen level in the test lower at 0 hour but it was greater in the control animals at 1, 3 and 6 hours. The increase in plasma fibrinogen level in the test animals at 3 and 6 hours was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: The finding of the present study was that Tiryaq-e-arba possesses antivenom activity which scientifically support the Unani claim that it is Dafe-Sumoom-al-Hevan (Antivenom or Antidote) and the use of this preparation in corresponding diseases.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2013

Zoletil is a non-opioid, non-barbiturate animal anesthetic and proprietary combination of two drugs, a dissociative anesthetic drug, tiletamine, with the benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug, zolazepam. Zoletil has greater potency than ketamine. Zoletil is abused for recreational purposes, especially by people with easy access to medicine. However, in Korea, it is available over-the-counter. Here we report on a case of an 83-year-old woman who received injection of seven vials of "Zoletil 50" by her daughter and presented with an altered mental change. Her mental state was stupor and vital sign was hypotension, bradycardia. Her blood tests indicated metabolic and respiratory acidosis and hyperkalemia. She was treated with intravenous naloxone and flumazenil but was not responsive. She was admitted to the ICU and treated with supportive therapy. Her mental state showed transient recovery, however, her clinical manifestation worsened and she expired.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 1994

Studies on the food-safety of pheasant and mallard, which belong to wild fowl as new meat resources. were carried out. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Food poisoning bacteria including Salmonella spp, was not detected from the inspections of small intestine, cecum, and rectum. 2. Parasite inspection tests on blood, feces, digestive organ, and thoracic organs were negative. 3. Antibiotic residues from the carcass muscle by simplified disk methods were not detected. 4. Seven different pesticide residue tests, such as DDT and BHT, on the muscle and liver were negative. 5. Four different kinds of toxic heavy metals such as Cd were much lower than the permissible concentration. Studies on the food safety tests and inspections from the pheasant and mallard were revealed that from taking this new food resources, the toxicities would be very low for the human health by the direct influences.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.336-340
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• 2008

Corilagin (CRN) isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia as rheumatoid arthritis drug. CRN was medicated to the abdominal cavity of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) mice that was an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis and its effects on incidence and arthritis index were studied. The results were as folllows; It was exhibited that medicating corilagin inhibited the infiltration of activated T lymphocytes into an inflammatory joint. The production of IgG and IgM that were RF (rheumatoid factor) and inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$were reduced. After measuring $IFN-{\gamma}$and IL-4, it was found that it was shifted into Th2 immune response as increasing in IL-4. After liver function test, studies on liver poisoning of AST/ALT should be continued.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.65-72
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• 2012

Salmonellosis is a widespread bacterial zoonosis that commonly causes enterocolitis and foodborne poisoning leading to an extensive economic loss in domestic animal industry. Considerably, the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of Salmonella spp. induces further severe problems affecting public health. The present report was designated to investigate the antibacterial efficacies of three common disinfectants including an oxidizing compound disinfectant (OXC), a triple salt (TS) and a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) against Salmonella typhimurium subjected to the preliminary changes of drug temperature. All solutions of three disinfectants were pre-incubated at different temperature (22, 37 and $63^{\circ}C$) for 1 h prior to exposure to bacteria. The disinfectants and bacteria were diluted with distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OMS) according to treatment condition. Under the DW condition, the disinfectant efficacy of the QAC at $63^{\circ}C$ was higher than that of $22^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, under HW diluent the disinfectant efficacy of the TS pre-warmed at both of 37 and $63^{\circ}C$ were increased compared to that of $22^{\circ}C$. Considerably, the efficacy of pre-warmed QAC at both of 37 and $63^{\circ}C$ under the OMS diluent were higher than that of $22^{\circ}C$. Conclusively, prewarming at higher temperatures have positive effects on the stability of the antibacterial efficacies of TS and QAC.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intestinal bacteria on the growth of enteric bacteria, especially infectious harmful bacteria such as food poisoning, gastritis and enteritis, and the growth of beneficial bacteria. By dividing the rat into three test groups; normal control group, Loperamide-treated group, and supercritical heat-treated radish complex extracts(HRE)-treated group, animal experiments were performed to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria without affecting the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestine. It was found that it can be usefully used as an effective and safe health food composition for improving intestinal function and bacterial intestinal disease. In particular, it can be concluded that supercritical heat-treated radish complex extract is a safe food that does not show any side effects even when taken for a long time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2018

Purpose: Glehnia littoralis has been reported to have several pharmacological properties but no in vivo reports describing the protective effects of this plant on${\alpha}$-amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity have been published. ${\alpha}$-Amanitin is a peptide found in several mushroom species that accounts for the majority of severe mushroom poisonings leading to severe hepatonecrosis. In our previous in vitro study, we found that ${\alpha}$-amanitin induced oxidative stress, which may contribute to its severe hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Glehnia littoralis acetate extract (GLEA) has protective antioxidant effects on ${\alpha}$-amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity in a murine model. Methods: Swiss mice (n=40 in all groups) were divided into four groups (n=10/group). Three hours after giving ${\alpha}$-amanitin (0.6 mg/kg, i.p.) to the mice, they were administered silibinin (50 mg/kg/d, i.p.) or Glehnia littoralis ethyl acetate extract (100 mg/kg/d, oral) therapies once a day for 3 days. After 72 hours of treatment, each subject was killed, cardiac blood was aspirated for hepatic aminotransferase measurement, and liver specimens were harvested to evaluate the extent of hepatonecrosis. The degree of hepatonecrosis was assessed by a pathologist blinded to the treatment group and divided into 4 categories according to the grade of hepatonecrosis. Results: GLEA significantly improved the beneficial functional parameters in ${\alpha}$-amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity. In the histopathological evaluation, the toxicity that was generated with ${\alpha}$-amanitin was significantly reduced by GLEA, showing a possible hepatoprotective effect. Conclusion: In this murine model, Glehnia littoralis was effective in limiting hepatic injury after ${\alpha}$-amanitin poisoning. Increases of aminotransferases and degrees of hepatonecrosis were attenuated by this antidotal therapy.