• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2023

물리 기반 시뮬레이션에서 젖은 머리카락이나 털의 응집력과 뻣뻣함을 시뮬레이션 하는 것은 어려운 문제 중 하나이다. 젖은 머리카락이나 털은 끝부분이 뭉치고 뻣뻣해지는 것이 특징이며, 이는 젖은 동물의 털이나 머리카락에서 볼 수 있는 현상이다. 또한 젖은 머리카락은 고체와 상호작용을 하면 접착력이 발생하지만, 이 문제는 곱슬머리에서 힘의 분산과 균형이 달라지기 때문에 해결하기 어려워진다. 기존 방법에서는 수작업을 통해 젖은 머리를 표현하거나 정적인 헤어스타일로 젖은 곱슬머리 및 털을 표현한다. 그러나 젖은 곱슬머리의 디테일을 묘사하는 방법에 대한 연구는 아직 활발히 연구되지 않았다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 젖은 곱슬머리의 컬 과장, 응집력, 접착력 그리고 강성을 효율적으로 모델링하는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 응집력을 효율적으로 시뮬레이션하고 강성 제약 조건을 곱슬머리 역학과 통합하여 안정적으로 모발의 탄성을 제어한다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제64권6호
• /
• pp.1046-1062
• /
• 2022

This study investigated the effects of L-glutamine (Gln) supplementation on growth performance, physiological traits, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and gene expression related to muscle and adipose tissue development in Hanwoo steers under heat stress (HS) conditions. Eight Hanwoo steers (initial body weight [BW] 570.7 ± 43.6 kg, months of age 22.3 ± 0.88) were randomly separated into two groups, control and treatment, and supplied with the concentration (1.5% of BW kg/day/head) and rice straw (1.5 kg/day/head). The treatment group were fed the Gln supplementation (0.5% of concentration, as-fed basis) once a day at 08:00 h. Blood samples for the assessment of haematological and biochemical parameters and the separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected four times, at 0, 3, 6, and 10 weeks of the experiment. Feed intake was measured daily. BW to analyze growth performance and hair follicle collection to analyze the expression of HSPs were executed four times at 0, 3, 6, and 10 weeks. To analyze gene expression, longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected by biopsy at the end of the study. As a result, growing performance, including final BW, average daily gain, and gain-to-feed ratio, were not different between the two groups. Leukocytes including lymphocytes and granulocytes, tended to increase in the Gln supplementation group (p = 0.058). There were also no differences in biochemical parameters shown between the two groups, except total protein and albumin, both of which were lower in the Gln supplementation group (p < 0.05). Gene expressions related to muscle and adipose tissue development were not different between the two groups. As temperature-humidity index (THI) increased, HSP70 and HSP90 expression in the hair follicle showed a high correlation. HSP90 in the hair follicle was decreased in the treatment group compared with the control group at 10 weeks (p < 0.05). Collectively, dietary Gln supplementation (0.5% of concentration, as-fed basis) may not be influential enough to affect growth performance and gene expression related to muscle and adipose tissue development in steers. However, Gln supplementation increased the number of immune cells and decreased HSP90 in the hair follicle implying HS reduction in the corresponding group.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제64권4호
• /
• pp.782-791
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of multiple cooling systems and different drinking water temperatures (DWT) on the performance of sows and their hair cortisol levels during heat stress. In this study, the effect of four different cooling systems: air conditioner (AC), cooling pad (CP), snout cooling (SC), and mist spray (MS), and two DWT, namely low water temperature (LWT) and high water temperature (HWT) on 48 multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; 242.84 ± 2.89 kg) was tested. The experiment is based on the use of eight replicas during a 21-days test. Different behaviors were recorded under different cooling treatments in sows. As a result, behaviors such as drinking, standing, and position change were found to be lower in sows under the AC and CP treatments than in those under the SC and MS treatments. Lying behavior increased under the AC and CP systems as compared with that under the SC and MS, systems. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) in sows and weight at weaning in piglets was higher under the AC, CP, and LWT treatments than under the SC, MS and HWT treatments. Sows subjected to SC and MS treatment showed higher hair cortisol levels, rectal temperature, and respiratory rate during lactation than those under AC and CP treatments. Hair cortisol levels, rectal temperature, and respiratory rate were also higher under the HWT than under the LWT treatment. As per the results of this study, the LWT has no significant effect on any of the behavioral factors. Taken together, the use of AC and CP cooling treatment is highly recommended to improve the behavior and to reduce the stress levels in lactating sows.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.260-264
• /
• 2011

The bacterial growth and pH of Cornus officinalis fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus during fermentation were evaluated. As the results, the number of the fermentation after fermentation always remained higher than 6 log CFU/mL and the pH of those ranged from 4 to 6. To evaluate the effect of Cornus officinalis fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus on hair growth promotion in C57BL/6 mice, Six weeks old male mice were divided into four groups including normal group (saline), negative control group (essence base), positive control group (minoxidil) and experimental group (Cornus officinalis and animal milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus mixed in negative control). And they were applied topically with test materials for 8 days. Hair regrowth effect in experimental group using gross and histological examination was higher than that in positive control group. Body weight and food intake of four groups didn't show significant difference. These results indicated that the Cornus officinalis fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus can be used practically for hair growth or prevention of hair loss.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.316-326
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study investigated the expression of genes in cashmere goats at different periods of their fetal development. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was used to evaluate data obtained by transcriptome sequencing of fetus skin samples collected from Inner Mongolia cashmere goats on days 45, 55, and 65 of fetal age. Results: We found that FoxN1, FoxE1, and FoxI3 genes of the Fox gene family were probably involved in the growth and development of the follicle and the formation of hair, which is consistent with previous findings. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detecting system and Western blot analysis were employed to study the relative differentially expressed genes FoxN1, FoxE1, and FoxI3 in the body skin of cashmere goat fetuses and adult individuals. Conclusion: This study provided new fundamental information for further investigation of the genes related to follicle development and exploration of their roles in hair follicle initiation, growth, and development.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• 제24권1E호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2005

The inner hair cell stereocilia of the guinea pig cochlea was examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after loud tone exposure onto the ear drum of the animal. Before and after guinea pigs were exposed to intensive and continuous tone such as 106 dB SPL in intensity, the functioning of the cochlea was monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. The structural damage of the stereocilia of inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) was examined using the SEM in x 1500 magnification. The comparison between the functional change of the cochlea and the structural damage of the IHC stereocilia is done by means of photographic observation. It can be shown that the functional change might be related to the structural damage of the IHC stereocilia after intensive acoustic trauma.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.262-267
• /
• 2005

Reactive oxygen species can be generated in the skin by hair dyeing. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of the oxidative-type hair dye application in young women on the antioxidant systems. We investigated the lipid peroxide levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, and the antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in plasma and erythrocytes and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes, and DNA damages in lymphocytes. Also, plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, vitamin A and E, were measured and the correlations between various antioxidant parameters and oxidative damages were evaluated The antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma (GSHPx) and in erythrocytes (SOD and CAT) were decreased significantly after hair dyeing. 1be lipid peroxide and GSH levels were not affected in both plasma and erythrocytes. No significant difference was found in the concentrations of both vitamin A and E between before and after hair dyeing. However, DNA damages expressed as the tail extent moment (TEM) and tail length (TL) were significantly (p<0.001) increased. The plasma vitamin E concentration was correlated with DNA damages (TEM: r=-0.590, p<0.01 and TL: r=-0.533. p<0.01) and RBC SOD activity (r=0.570, p<0.05). In turn, RBC SOD activity was significantly correlated with both plasma MDA levels (r=-0.412, p<0.05) and DNA damages (TM: r=-0.546, p<0.01, TL: r=-0.493, p<0.01). Our results demonstrated that the exposure to hair dyeing produced lymphocyte DNA damage and modification of the antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, there were very strong associations between plasma vitamin E concentration, RBC SOD activity and DNA damage induced by hair dyeing. It suggests that the antioxidant status of a subject is likely to be related to the extent of the harmful effects caused by hair dyeing.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.381-386
• /
• 2011

실험물질은 두피건강 및 발모에 유용한 소재를 혼합하여 열수 추출한 후 유산균에 발효시킨 2차 발효물질로서 고기능성이 예상되는 물질이다. C57BL/6 마우스의 등을 제모하고 실험물질을 처리하였을 때 암 수 모두에서 양성대조군인 minoxidil과 비교하였을 때 동등이상의 우수한 발모효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 특히 수컷의 경우 200 mg/kg 이하의 농도에서 우수한 효과가 관찰되었고 암컷에서는 고용량인 500 mg/kg까지 현저한 발모효과가 관찰되어 성별 처치 용량에 차이가 있는 것으로 사료되었다. 또한 양성대조군 minoxidil이 신속한 발모효과를 보이는 반면 털의 긁기가 감소하는 현상이 관찰되었으나 실험물질을 처리한 군에서는 제모전과 동등이상의 굵기를 유지하였다. 이러한 발모효과를 확인하기위해 모발성장관련 유전자 발현을 분석한 결과 실험물질이 KGF, VEGF 등의 모발성장촉진인자의 발현을 증가시키는 반면 탈모를 유도하는 $TGF{\beta}1$의 발현에는 반응을 하지 않아 유용한 발모제제로서의 가능성이 입증되었다. 더불어 실험물질에 의한 NO 분비가 두피의 혈류개선을 유도하여 탈모억제효능을 나타낼 것으로 사료되어 발효생약추출물인 MBN이 모발성장 및 탈모예방제제로의 개발이 가능 할 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.650-657
• /
• 2018

Objective: The study investigated the biological functions and mechanisms for controlling cashmere growth of Liaoning cashmere goat by ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen-like protein 2 (OCIAD2) and decorin (DCN) genes. Methods: cDNA library of Liaoning cashmere goat was constructed in early stages. OCIAD2 and DCN genes related to cashmere growth were identified by homology analysis comparison. The expression location of OCIAD2 and DCN genes in primary and secondary hair follicles (SF) was performed using in situ hybridization. The expression of OCIAD2 and DCN genes in primary and SF was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: In situ hybridization revealed that OCIAD2 and DCN were expressed in the inner root sheath of Liaoning cashmere goat hair follicles. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that these genes were highly expressed in SF during anagen, while these genes were highly expressed in primary hair follicle in catagen phase. Melatonin (MT) inhibited the expression of OCIAD2 and promoted the expression of DCN. Insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) inhibited the expression of OCIAD2 and DCN, while fibroblast growth factors 5 (FGF5) promoted the expression of these genes. MT and IGF-1 promoted OCIAD2 synergistically, while MT and FGF5 inhibited the genes simultaneously. MT+IGF-1/MT+FGF5 inhibited DCN gene. RNAi technology showed that OCIAD2 expression was promoted, while that of DCN was inhibited. Conclusion: Activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway up-regulated OCIAD2 expression and stimulated SF to control cell proliferation. DCN gene affected hair follicle morphogenesis and periodic changes by promoting transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ ($TGF-{\beta}$) and BMP signaling pathways. OCIAD2 and DCN genes have opposite effects on $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling pathway and inhibit each other to affect the hair growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권10호
• /
• pp.1392-1397
• /
• 2016

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-s ($Gn{\alpha}s$) is a small subunit of the G protein-couple signaling pathway, which is involved in the formation of coat color. The expression level and distribution of $Gn{\alpha}s$ were detected by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry to investigate the underlying mechanisms of coat color in white and black skin tissues of mice. qPCR and western blot results suggested that $Gn{\alpha}s$ was expressed at significantly higher levels in black mice compared with that of white mice, and transcripts and protein possessed the same expression in both colors. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated $Gn{\alpha}s$ staining in the root sheath and dermal papilla in hair follicle of mice skins. The results indicated that the $Gn{\alpha}s$ gene was expressed in both white and black skin tissues, and the expression level of $Gn{\alpha}s$ in the two types of color was different. Therefore, $Gn{\alpha}s$ may be involved in the coat color formation in mice.