• Language and Information
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.31-58
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• 2014

The distinction of alienable/inalienable possessions plays a crucial role in determining the acceptability of Multiple Case Constructions (MCCs) in Korean. Recently, Yeon (2003, 2010) introduced so-called contiguous alienable possessions and mentioned that these types of possessions also affect the acceptability of MCCs. This paper experimentally examines how these three kinds of possessions influence the acceptability of MCCs. Since animacy also plays a role in the MCCs, this paper also examines how animacy affects the acceptability of MCCs. The experiments were designed following Johnson (2008), and the native speakers' intuition was measured and statistically analyzed. Through the experiment, the following facts were observed: (i) Both three types of possessions and animacy play a role in determining the acceptability of MCCs, (ii) The contiguous possessions behave close to inalienable possessions, rather than alienable possessions, and (iii) There was an interaction between three types of possessions and animacy.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

Late talkers are young children who are delayed in their expressive language skills despite normal nonverbal cognitive ability, adequate hearing and typical personality development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sentence interpretation strategies used by Korean-speaking late talkers and age-matched normal children. Nine late talkers and nine normal children matched by age at 30-35months were participated in this study. 27 simple noun-noun-verb(NNV) sentences were generated by factorial combination of case-marker [nominal case-marker on the first noun and accusative on the second (C1), accusative on the first noun and nominative on the second (C2), and no case markers on both nouns (C0)], and animacy of the nouns [animate-inanimate(AI), inanimate-animate(IA), animate-animate(AA)]. All the children were asked to "act out" their interpretation of the given sentence. For each type of sentences the percentage of choices of the first noun as the agent was calculated. The results of group (2) ${\times}$ animacy(3) ${\times}$ case-marker(3) mixed ANOVA showed a significant main effect for 'animacy', 'case marker' and 'group(2) ${\times}$ case-marker (3)'. The late talkers relied on semantic (animacy) cues in their interpretation of the sentences, while the normal peers utilized both animacy and grammatical morpheme (case-marker) cues. The results indicated that the late-talkers' comprehension skills were also delayed.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.241-254
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sentence comprehension strategies used by Korean/English bilingual children when they listened to sentences of their first language, i.e., Korean. The framework of competition model was employed to analyze the influence of the second language, i.e., English, during comprehension of Korean sentences. The participants included 10 bilingual children (ages 7;4-13;0) and 20 Korean-speaking monolingual children(ages 5;7-6;10) with similar levels of development in Korean language as bilingual children. In an act-out procedure, the children were asked to determine the agent in sentences composed of two nouns and a verb with varying conditions of three cues (case-marker, animacy, and word-order). The results revealed that both groups of children used the case marker cues as the strongest cue among the three. The bilingual children relied on case-marker cues even more than the monolingual children. However, the bilingual children used animacy cues significantly less than the monolingual children. There were no significant differences between the groups in the use of word-order cues. The bilingual children appeared less effective in utilizing animacy cues in Korean sentence comprehension due to the backward transfer from English where the cue strength of animacy is very weak. The influence of the second language on the development of the first language in bilingual children was discussed.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.171-188
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of three conditions-words frequency, word length, and animacy-on the performance of naming in nonfluent aphasic patients. 15 nonfluent aphasic patients and 15 normal adults were participated in this study. The words consist only of concrete nouns and confrontational naming test was used. The test consisted of 40 questions and the condition of word were frequency(low-frequency/high-frequency), length(1 syllable/3 syllables) and animacy(animate/inanimate). The result of the study was as follows. First, naming was performed better with high-frequency words than with low-frequency words in both groups. Second, naming was performed better with 1 syllable words than with 3 syllable words in both groups. Third, naming performance depending on animacy did not show significant differences in both groups. These results indicate that compared to animacy of word, word frequency and length have bigger influence on the naming, and the difference by word frequency was more pronounced for nonfluent aphasic patients than for normal adults. The results of this study suggest that target word for the assessment and intervention of nonfluent aphasic patients, words frequency should be considered first in clinical setting.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.89-110
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• 2022

Purpose To verify the factors that encourage consumers' favorable reaction toward virtual influencer, we proposed consumers' perception of subjective and objective similarity. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate the impacts of consumers' perception toward virtual influencer on purchase intention through psychological distance and parasocial relationship. Design/methodology/approach This study was designed to examine the structural relationships among consumers' perceived external similarity, internal similarity, controllability, animacy toward virtual influencer, psychological distance, parasocial relationship and purchase intention. Findings The results are as follows. First, perceived external similarity, internal similarity, perceived controllability, and animacy had a positive impact on psychological distance. Second, psychological distance had a positive impact on parasocial relationship, whereas it had no significant impact on purchase intention. However, we found that the relation between psychological distance and purchase intention was mediated by parasocial relationship. Lastly, parasocial relationship had a positive impact on purchase intention. Based on these results, this study can propose the way to generate revenue to companies that consider advertising campaign using virtual influencer.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.21-31
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• 2003

This paper reports our experimental study with Korean-Chinese (=KC) bilinguals as compared with Korean monolinguals. We aim to find KC bilingual speakers' sentence processing strategies, and the interaction between the Ll and U2 grammars in bilingual development. To this end, we recruited 166 subjects of all age groups from age 3 to adult in the Korean autonomous community in Yanji, China, and did a classical subject/actor identification test, where subjects are supposed to pick out the subjects/actor of both sensical and nonsensical sentences (cf. Liu, Bates & Li, 1992). We compared our results with our previous work on monolingual Koreans, and found out that KC bilinguals rely on word order as well as anumacy; that KC bilinguals make use of morphology at age 10 as compared with age 5 for monolinguals; and that KC bilingual adults rely on animacy and word order as well as morphology, while monolingual Korean adults rely solely on morphology for sentence interpretation. Given that animacy and word order play an important role in the Chinese grammar, our finding lends support to the backward transfer which Liu, Bates & Li (1992) propose for early bilingualism.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.123-127
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• 1996

영어와 한국어의 통사구조의 차이로 인하여, 이중언어자와 비이중언어자인 한국 대학생의 영어 문장 유형에 따른 통사 처리에 있어 차이가 있을 것이다. 네가지 영어 문장 유형, 수동태, 관계사절, 물주구문, 가정법 구문 등으로 문장 완성 과제를 실험하여 이중언어자와 비이중언어자의 문장완성 시간과 오류율을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 비이중언어자인 한국 대학생은 다른 문장 유형에 비하여 물주구문에서의 통사처리 수행에 있어 이중언어자와 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이로부터 이중언어자와 한국 대학생의 영어 문장의 통사 정보처리의 자동화 및 어순효과 정보와 생물 주어(word animacy)구문 단서, 즉 대부분의 주어는 살아있는 사물의 명사로 이루어져 있다는 단서(Gass, l987)의 사용에 대하여 논의하였다.

• Language and Information
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

Korean marks case for subjects and objects, but it is well known that case-markers can be dropped in certain contexts. Kwon and Zribi-Hertz (2008) establishes the phenomenon of Korean case drop on a single factor of f(ocus)-structure visibility and claims that both subject and object case drop can fall under a single linguistic generalization of information structure. However, the supporting data is not empirically substantiated and the tenability of the f-structure analysis is still under question. In this paper, an experiment was conducted to show that the specific claims of Kwon and Zribi-Hertz's analysis that places exclusive importance on information structure cannot be adequately supported by empirical evidence. In addition, the present study examines H. Lee's (2006a, 2006c) multi-factor analysis of object case drop and investigates whether this approach can subsume both subject and object case drop under a unified analysis. The present findings indicate that the multi-factor analysis that involves the interaction of independent factors (Focus, Animacy, and Definiteness) is also compatible with subject case drop, and that judgments on case drop are not categorical but form gradient statistical preferences.

• Language and Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.111-125
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• 2016

In this paper I argue that the subject in a Korean kes-cleft construction denotes the discourse referent that stands for the entity that satisfies the description of the cleft clause. This denotation thereby can be understood as a meta-linguistic referent which refers to the linguistic expression for a presupposed entity. In support of this claim, it is shown an anaphoric expression kekes also can be analyzed as a meta-linguistic referent. This analysis can explain why the subject and the predicate of a kes-cleft in Korean allow animacy crash.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 1997

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of semantic and syntactic knowledge in the first language acquisition of Korean classifiers. The elicited classifiers production test(EPT) was conducted to 105 children aged from 2 to 7. EPT consisted of 16 classifiers and two items for each classifier. 32 items were divided into 2 major semantic features: animacy and inanimacy. The semantic features of inanimacy were subcategorized into 3 features such as neutral, shape and function. The results revealed that; 1) children produced the correct structure of classification from the very early age with correct word order of the noun phrase showing early fundamental syntactic knowledge; 2) The earliest response pattern was to respond to all nouns in the same way using a neutral classifier showing no apparent semantic basis for their choice; 3) Children didn't show any preference for animate, shape, or function classifiers.