• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.520-532
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of the anger provoking situation scale using the mixed research method. For this purpose, three research methods were used: content analysis of domestic and international anger-inducing situation scale, NAS-PI factor and reliability analysis of youth anger-provoking scale, and FGI with youth expert. In the results of NAS-PI, there were four categories of 'unrespectful treatment', 'unfairness', 'annoying traits of others', and 'irritation' except 'frustration' among five categories. The results of the FGI consisted of seven categories: 'rejection', 'physical and verbal violence', 'ignorance', 'frustration', 'control and restraint', 'rumination', and 'interpersonal relationship'. As a result of integrating these contents, it is finally possible to reconstruction in to seven categories such as 'unfairness', 'injustice', 'ignorance', 'control and restraint', 'ignorance', 'frustration' 'interpersonal relationship'. The meaning of this study is to provide the basic data for the development of the anger provoking situation scale for domestic adolescents by integrating the contents analysis and quantitative and qualitative researches of domestic and international anger provoking situation scale. The results of this study are as follows. First, it is necessary to study the anger provoking situations reflecting sociocultural context, and to develop the reliability and validity of the anger provoking situation scale.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.193-202
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• 2001

Purpose: Hwabyung is a culture-bound syndrome in Korea, characterized by emotional stress such as anger, depression, and anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to explore the characteristics of Hwabyung patients, based on constitutional medicine, for their symptoms, duration, and coping styles. Method: Participants were 57 Hwabyung patients selected by Hwabyung criteria. They were also diagnosed for their constitution by doctors specialized in constitutional medicine. Each participant was asked to respond to a variety of items such as cause and duration of stress, symptoms of hwabyung, anger and depression, and coping styles. Eight patients were excluded from the total sample; two male patients and six patients unable to be diagnosed for any particular type of constitution. Thus, final sample was 49 female hwabyung patients, which will be reported in what follow. Result: To begin with, constitutional type revealed significant differences in such coping styles as 'perseverance,' 'positive interpretation,' 'positive comparison,' and 'emotional pacification.' More specifically, post-hoc comparison revealed that Taeeumin(person who have taeeum characteristics) was higher in 'perseverance' compared-to other two types of constitution. Taeumin also revealed higher score than Soeumin(person who have soeum characteristics) in 'positive comparison.' With respect to the marital status, the married compared to the unmarried showed higher score in 'anger-control,' and lower score in 'anger-in.' The married compared to the unmarried, regarding coping styles, also showed higher score in 'accommodation,' but lower score in 'emotional expression.' The duration of hwabyung revealed that the longer duration of hwabyung, the more frequent utilization of 'positive interpretation' and 'emotional pacification. Conclusion: The main purpose, the exploration of hwabyung based on four types of constitution, was not supported, as a whole in the present study. However, marital status and duration of hwabyung appear to influence on emotional stress (e.g., anger) as well as coping styles, suggesting that these variables should be dealt with in future studies on hwabyung.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.220-229
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• 2011

The present research integrates the core aspects of anger with the theory of planned behavior to investigate factors influencing online activism in a Web site. This study conducted online survey, and the sample was members who joined the V4400 Sobi-ja-heem Web site. The Web site Sobi-ja-heem was initiated by a consumer who was irritated at the cell phone manufacturer Samsung Inc. because its model, "Anycall" had major product defects such as the malfunction of the camcorder, poor tone quality, fuzziness of the screen, and broken text messages. The findings suggests that adding anger in Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) enhances the explanatory power of the theory in predicting an intention to participate in activities to correct the issue, which indicates the possibility of combining emotion and the TPB in the prediction of online activism.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.429-439
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the status of psychological health among boys in high school and to examine the mediating effects of social support on the relationship between anger and entrapment on psychological health. Methods: The participants in this study were 193 high school boys from Jeju. Measurements included state-trait anger expression inventory, entrapment scale, student social support scale, and questionnaires to assess mental and physical health. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple and multiple regression techniques with the SPSS 21.0. Mediation analysis was performed with the Baron and Kenny's method, and Sobel test. Results: Mean scores for anger experience, entrapment, social support, and psychological health were $29.81{\pm}7.34$, $34.09{\pm}16.33$, $45.75{\pm}7.02$, $22.51{\pm}9.91$, respectively. There was a significant correlation between anger experience and psychological health. Entrapment was significantly correlated with psychological health. Social support showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between anger experience and psychological health (Sobel test: Z=54.18. p<.001). Social support showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between entrapment and psychological health (Sobel test: Z=2.24. p=.025). Conclusion: The results indicate a need to develop social support programs for boys in high school.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.147-167
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nonnative expectations of anger, sadness, fear, and shame in Korean culture by analyzing the textbooks for children's education in the Chosen Dynasty period. The method of this study was document analysis and the materials for analysis were the following four textbooks for children's education that involved individual ethics in everyday life based on Confucianism： 'Dongmongsenspj, 'Gyukmongyogyulj, 'Myungsimbogamj, and 'Sohakj. The analysis was focused on the antecedent events, emotional consequences, and emotional regulations in the emotional processes of anger, sadness, fear, and shame. According to the analysis, anger was caused by ought violations, especially sociomoral violations, and the expression of anger brought about undesirable results, and the inhibition of anger was expected as the regulation rule. Also, many methods of regulating anger were encouraged in the textbooks. For example, one of the regulating methods was to appraise a situation in such a way that anger would not arise. in other hand, sadness was allowed to be expressed only at the death of parents, and the expression of sadness stood for filial piety. Meanwhile, the antecedents of fear were the events to threaten self-esteem, which was mainly focused on keeping moral and social standards. Also the social consequence of fear led to observance of the social norms, and thereby could gain social approval. Therefore, the regulation rule was the enhancement of fear because of anticipated advantageous effects. Finally, the main cause of shame arousal was negative evaluation of self caused by bad performance of ethical or social standards. Accordingly, having shame could prevent wrong behaviors or transgressions which might break interpersonal connectedness, and the regulation rule of shame was to enhance this because of contributing to collective relationship.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.152-162
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on externalized and internalized problem behaviors among high school students. Methods: The subjects for this study were 707 students in two high schools in K province. The data were collected during the period from October to November, 2014 by use of questionnaires. The instruments used were the Korean Youth Self-report, Daily Hassles Questionnaire, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and Ego Resiliency Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Significant predictors to explain externalized problem behaviors comprised anger-out, anger-in, anger-control, relation with parents, daily stress, and religion. It was found that these factors explained 46% of externalized problem behavior. Ego resiliency, anger-in, daily stress, gender, relation with parent, and anger-out were significant predictors to explain internalized problem behaviors. It was found that these factors explained 45% of internalized problem behaviors. Conclusion: This study suggests that the influencing factors on problem behaviors differ from externalized and internalized problem behaviors. So these findings will provide the basic data to develop a program that is differentiated by problem behavior type.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.145-156
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to develop a school-based anger management program (SAMP) of 4 sessions and examine its effects on the anger, anger expression, psychosomatic responses, psychosocial responses, and immunologic responses in adolescents. Methods: A quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group, pre-post design with repeated measures was used. Chi-square test, t-test, paired t-test, and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the data. Results: There were no differences between the experimental and control groups in outcome variables except for lymphocytes. However, following additional analyses, statistically significant differences by time point were observed for pain sensitivity, T cell, Helper T (Th) cell, Suppressor (Ts) cell and Natural Killer (NK) cell post-treatment, entrapment and psychosomatic symptoms at the 4-week follow-up, and resilience at the 10-week follow-up for the experimental group. Conclusion: Although some modifications in contents and administration will be required to increase the effectiveness of the program for anger management, SAMP can be used to promote anger management ability in adolescents.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.175-188
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• 2014

Objectives: The study was implemented to observe how Oriental Medicine Music Therapy (Korean Medicine Music Therapy) influences on curing the symptoms of anger and depression. Methods: Study conducted an experiment with an age of 43 female who usually suffers from headache and dizziness, and frequently gets angry at her daughter. The Study was conducted for an hour, 1 times a week. In the present study, the whole program consisted of 7 sessions. Other than the Oriental Medicine Music Therapy, the patient had never been cured by other treatments. Results: 1. According to the result of STAXI analysis, the patient with anger scale of 36 (before treatment) became to have anger scale of 31 after the treatment, indicating that the therapy had positive effect on curing the anger symptom. 2. Moreover, the analysis result of BDI showed that the patient with depression scale of 17 (before treatment) turned out to be non-depression state, which he had the depression scale of 8. Regarding the results above, it was observed that the treatment cured the depression symptom. 3. Based on the result of SEI analysis, the patient with a SEI score of 139 (higher the SEI score, more the self-esteem one has) became to have score of 142 after the treatment. Conclusions: From the research, it was observed that Korean Medicine Music Therapy has positive influence on improving one's anger or depression control and self-esteem. Clinical trial is needed to verify statistical significance.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.140-147
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: Intensity of dysmenorrhea was evaluated by scoring system of Andersch and Milsom. Anger state, trait, expression of the patients suffering from dysmenorrhea was measured by STAXI-K. And each value was analyzed by ANOVA testm as to intensity of dysmenorrhea, student t test as to existence of dysmenorrhea. Results: The numerical value of anger expression in the primary dysmenorrhea existent group was significantly higher than that in the primary dysmenorrhea non-existent group. There were significant differences among the numerical value of anger expression in the groups classified as intensity of primary dysmenorrhea, the value of three positive group() was significantly higher than that of negative group(-). Conclusion: This study showed the relationship between anger expression and primary dysmenorrhea. But there was no clue to find out their causal relationship, because this study was cross-sectional. So further study will be needed to prove the causality between them. And more precise scale has to been developed to evaluate various type of anger accurately.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.107-131
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• 2014

This driving simulation study examined relative differences in driving anger as the functions of drivers' gender and driving experiences, and actor-observer perspectives when they were exposed in two anger-provoking driving scenarios(cutting-in and sudden stop). The results showed the followings. First, neither drivers' gender nor driving experience, when they were considered independently of the driving situation types and actor-observer perspectives, yielded significant difference in driving anger. Second, actor-observer effect on driving anger was observed only in the cutting-in condition where other driver's intension was emphasized. Third, the female drivers of low driving experience tended to show the strongest tendency of actor-observer bias in the cutting-in condition. These results suggested that the levels of driving anger as the functions of drivers' gender and driving experience can be differed by types of driving situation as well as perspectives of drivers' interpreting the situations.