• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation of yeast culture on the nutrient digestibility, performance and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. Corn-soy basal diets contained 20, 18, and 16% CP and 3,265kcal/kg ME at different growth stages. One hundred and twenty pigs(8wk-old) were allocated into four supplementation levels of yest culture (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4%) in Expt 1. Weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were periodically recorded for 112 days. A metabolic feeding trial was conducted to measure the nutrient digestibility. Physical and chemical characteristics of the Longissimus Dorsi muscle(LM) from the pigs were measured at the end of experiment (Expt 2). In Expt 1, weight gain and feed efficiency were not different among the dietary treatment groups during the overall period. The digestibilities of protein and fiber were greater in 0.1% and 0.2% yeast culture-supplemented groups than in control (P<0.05). However, fat and ash digestibilities were not improved by the dietary treatment. In Expt 2, the LM protein content in 0.1% yeast culture-supplemented group, but not in 0.2% or 0.4%-supplemented group, was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). The LM pH, purge loss, cooking loss and color were not affected by the dietary treatment. The LM shearing force was less in 0.2% yeast culture-supplemented group than in the control group (P<0.05). Other LM physicochemical properties did not differ between the dietary treatment groups. Total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids percentages and total cholesterol content of the LM did not differ across the dietary treatment groups.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.811-817
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of baking method on the quality and shelf-life of Maejakgwa containing nuts and seeds. Four different types of nuts and seeds (almond, cashewnut, coconut, and sunflower seed) were added to flour, and baking method was applied to prepare the Maejakgwa, physicochemical properties of which were then evaluated. The proximate composition analysis demonstrated that crude protein, crude fat, and ash contents were higher in the Maejakgwa containing nuts and seeds than in the control group. The lightness (L) value of the control Maejakgwa was lower than that observed in the groups containing nuts and seeds. Maejakgwa made with cashewnut, coconut, and sunflower seed evidenced higher yellowness (b) values than were recorded in the control and coconut groups. The incorporation of cashewnut, coconut and sunflower seed into the Maejakgwa lowered the hardness values (p<0.05). Our consumer test demonstrated that Maejakgwa prepared with almond was the most highly preferred, and the control group was the least favored. After 30 days of storage at $60^{\circ}C$, the peroxide value of the Maejakgwa containing sunflower seed was substantially higher than in any other groups, thereby suggesting that the addition of sunflower seeds resulted in accelerated lipid oxidation. No noticeable changes in peroxide values were observed in the groups prepared with coconut and cashewnut during storage time. The acid value increased with increasing storage time, and the addition of sunflower seed evidenced the highest values as compared to other groups.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2014

A beverage was produced by the fermentation of mixed extracts from the various fruits, vegetables, algae, and medical herbs. The physicochemical properties of the fermented beverage of plant extracts (FBPE) and microbial diversity were analyzed in cultures enriched from FBPE using 16S and 26S rRNA gene sequence analyses. The pH, acidity, $^{\circ}brix$, reducing sugar, and alcohol contents of the FBPE were determined to be the 3.48, 1.68%, 70.0, 1,026 g/L, and 3.5%, respectively. The most abundant free sugar and organic acid in the FBPE were glucose (567.83 g/L) and tartaric acid (93.68 mg/L), respectively. Lactobacillus homohiochii was the predominant species in all enriched culture samples: 100% of the species in 0B (0% sugar) and 40B (40% sugar) libraries and 95.6% of 20B library (20% sugar). Lactobacillus fructivorans was detected in the 20B library. The predominant species in the samples of enrichment cultures collected from FBPE with three different sugar concentrations were: Candida zeylanoides (45.2%) in the 0Y library (0% sugar), Candida lactis-condensi (35.7%) and C. zeylanoides (35.7%) in the 20Y library (20% sugar), and C. lactis-condensi (38.1%) in the 40Y library (40% sugar). This result may provide a useful frame of reference for further analyses of microbial population dynamics in FBPE.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.212-223
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• 2022

For the remediation and restoration of contaminated sediment at the West Sea-Byeong dumping site, dredged materials was dumped in 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2017. The physicochemical properties and benthic fauna in surface sediments of the capping area (5 stations) and natural recovery area (2 stations) were analyzed annually from 2014 to 2020 to evaluate the capping effect of the dredged materials. The natural recovery area had a finer sediment with a mean particle size of 5.91-7.64 Φ, while the sediment in the capping area consisted of coarse-grained particles with a mean particle size of 1.47-3.01 Φ owing to the capping effect of dredged materials. Considering that the contents of organic matters (COD, TOC, and TN) and heavy metals in the capping area are approximately 50 % lower (p<0.05) than that in the natural recovery area, it is judged that there is a capping effect of dredged materials. As a result of analyzing macrobenthic assemblages, the number of species and ecological indices of the capping area were significantly lower than that of the natural recovery area (p<0.05). The number of species and ecological indices at the capping area were increased for the first four years after the capping in 2013 and 2014 and then tended to decrease thereafter. It is presumed that opportunistic species, which have rapid growth and short lifetime, appeared dominantly during the initial phase of capping, and the additory capping in 2016 and 2017 caused re-disturbance in the habitat environment. In the natural recovery and capping areas, Azti's Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) was evaluated as a fine healthy status because it maintained the level of 2^nd grades (Good), whereas Benthic Pollution Index (BPI) remained at the 1^st and 2^nd grade. Therefore, capping of dredged materials for remediation of contaminated sediment in the dumping site has the effect of reducing the pollution level. However, in terms of the benthic ecosystem, it is recommended that the recovery trend should be monitored long-term. Additionally, it is necessary to introduce an adaptive management strategy when expanding the project to remediate the contaminated sediment at the dumping area in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1302-1309
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate physicochemical and functional properties of dried Brassica campestris ssp rapa (BR) sprouts. The proximate compositions of BR sprouts as dry matter basis were 2.35% of moisture content, 22.51% of crude protein, 21.60% of crude lipid, 4.35% of crude ash, and 49.19% of carbohydrate, respectively. The free sugars were identified as glucose and fructose. Analyzing total amino acids, 18 kinds of components were isolated from BR sprouts. The essential amino acid contained in BR sprouts accounted for 47.00% of total amino acid, while the non-essential amino acid accounted for 53.00%. The contents of vitamin A and vitamin E were 0.09 mg% and 3.06 mg%, respectively. Tartaric acid was the major organic acid. Among the minerals in dried BR sprouts, the content of potassium was the highest (882.50 mg%) and those of magnesium and calcium were comparatively high (342.85 mg%, 274.30 mg%). BR sprouts ethanol extract significantly inhibited the HMG-CoA reductase activity in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. Furthermore, nitrite scavenging ability and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethanol extract of BR sprouts were 64.25% and 69.29% at a concentration of 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. These results suggest that BR sprouts possess potential antioxidative capacity and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.581-584
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• 2008

The catalyst carriers of the mesoporous layer compounds were prepared to carry out the partial oxidation of methane(POM) to hydrogen. The catalytic activities of POM to hydrogen were investigated over Ru(3)/SPK and Ru(3)/SPM catalyst in a fixed bed flow reactor under atmosphere. In addition, the catalysts and carriers were characterized by BET, TEM, TPR. The BET surface areas of the silica-pillared $H^+-kenyaite$(SPK) and the silica-pillared $H^+-magadite$(SPM) were $760m^2/g$ and $810m^2/g$, repectively, and the average pore sizes were 3.0 nm and 2.6 nm, repectively. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms were type IV with developed hysteresis. The TEM showed that the mesoporous layer compounds were formed well. The Ru(3)/SPK and the Ru(3)/SPM catalyst were obtained high hydrogen yields(90%, 87%), and were kept constant high hydrogen yields even about 60 hours at 973 K, $CH_4/O_2=2$, $1.25{\times}10^{-5}g-Cat.hr/ml$. The TPR peaks of Ru(3)/SPK and the Ru(3)/SPM catalyst showed the similar reducibilities around 453 K and 413 K. It could be suggested that SPK and SPM had the physicochemical properties as oxidation catalyst carries from these analysis data.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.769-782
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• 2005

Twenty four Holstein steers fed commercial concentrates with rice straw(T1), mixed grass hay(T2), or wet brewer’s grains based TMR ad libitum(T3) were used to investigate the effects of roughage feeding type during the growing and early-fattening periods on growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics. Growth performance and feed efficiency were investigated during the feeding trial conducted from 6 to 23 mo of age, and carcass characteristics were investigated after slaughter. Body weight at slaughter and daily gains were 751 to 802 kg(mean 782 kg) and 1.064 to 1.159 kg/d(mean 1.122 kg/d), respectively, showing that those for T2 were highest followed by T3. Compared with T1, the daily gain for T2 was improved by 8.9%. The TDN intakes per kg gain were 6.87, 7.17 and 7.15 kg for T1, T3 and T2, respectively, indicating that feed efficiency for T2 was improved(approx. 5%) compared with T1. The feeding treatments did not change dressing percentage(mean 60.8%), back fat thickness(6.68 mm) and rib-eye area(84.0$cm^2$). Neither meat quality characteristics nor physicochemical properties were significantly different among the treatments. However, economic analysis accounting for 882.8, 991.7 and 943.8 thousand won per head for T1, T2 and T3, respectively, indicated that T2 and T3 increased(7-12%) total net income compared with T1. Therefore, it may be concluded that high quality meat of Holstein steers can be produced if they are fattened until 23 mo of age and that feeding mixed grass hay as roughage or TMR containing mainly wet brewer's grains during the growing and early-fattening periods can improve growth performance compared with feeding rice straw.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2020

In this study, miscanthus with C/N ratio of 224 were applied to the soil and treated with 0 (control), 10 tons and 20 tons·ha^-1 to improve the soil and promote crop growth. As a result, soil organic matter content increased from 11.0 g·kg^-1 before the test to 16.3 after 3 years. Soil cation exchangeable capacity increased to 15.3 cmol_c·kg^-1 after 3 years. In the sweet sorghum, stem was the most thickest at 20 tons·ha^-1 application of miscanthus and the highest juice amount per plant was 60 ml. The yield index multiplied by the soluble solids content of juice and juice amount was the highest at 1,913 for 10 tons application and 1,851, 1,839 for 20 tons, control respectively. Number of sweetpotato storage root were 2,9 in 20-tons application plot, the same as control, and 10-tons application plot was 3.6, the most. Two-year average yields of 20 tons plot and control were low at 2,579 kg/10a and 2,708 respectively, and 10 tons plot was the highest at 3,289. For onions, the biomass application did not effect the yield. but onion plant and leaf length were longer in 20 tons plot than in control or 10 tons. The yield of garlic was 2,630~2,901 kg/10a and there was no effect of miscanthus application. Plot of 10 tons application were the longest in plant and leaf length, and the number of scale was 8.2-8.3 per in bulb, and 8.9 tons·ha^-1 in control. Therefore, it was confirmed the possibility that miscanthus biomass application of about 10 tons·ha^-1 could improve the soil condition and promote crops growth and yield.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

The highly producible rice cultivars, hanareum and dasan 2, were prepared and investigated for their physicochemical properties, and the quality characteristics of frozen cookie dough with rice flour according to the thawing time were measured. The water, ash, crude protein, amylose, and damaged starch contents of rice flour, as well as its water holding capacity, particle size, and Hunter color value, were measured. The water, ash, and crude protein contents of the hanareum and dasan 2 rice flours were shown to range from 7.28 to 13.14%, from 0.35 to 0.39, and from 6.05 and 8.68%, respectively. The protein content of the control group was higher than that of hanareum and dasan 2 rice flours. The amylose contents of the hanareum and dasan 2 rice flour were 19.05 and 23.04%, respectively. The damaged starch content and water holding capacity of the control group were lower than those of the hanareum and dasan 2 rice flours. The particle sizes of the samples were $48.54{\sim}50.05{\mu}m$. The lightness values of the hanareum, and dasan 2 rice flour, and of the control were 93.72, 93.51 and 92.63, respectively. The quality characteristics of the gluten-free frozen cookie dough were investigated. The lightness of the cookie made with frozen cookie dough decreased according to the by thawing time, but the diameter of the cookie did not differ significantly. The hardness of the cookie made with rice frozen dasan 2 rice dough was lower than that of the cookie made with frozen hanareum rice dough.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.267-275
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• 2024

Artemisia fukudo Makino belongs to the Asteraceae family, is a halophyte that can grow in salinity soils and is known for its various physiological activities. However, few studies were comparing it according to the growth environment. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the antioxidant activity, functional ingredients, and safety of Artemisia fukudo Makino according to the growth environment. Total polyphenol content was the highest in native mature leaves, but 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was higher in cultivated leaves than in native leaves. The total mineral content, excluding sodium, was higher in cultivated than in native leaves. The content of potassium and calcium was higher in cultivated leaves than in native leaves. In addition, heavy metal analysis showed that cultivated leaves were generally lower than those of native leaves. Residual pesticides were not detected in all samples. In conclusion, since there is no significant difference in cultivated leaves compared to native leaves, it was judged that cultivated leaves could be used as a variety to be grown and mass-produced.