• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.758-763
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• 2005

For international projects in general and the projects in the Gulf area in Particular, the most common cause of construction disputes and claims is construction delay. This paper will present different surveys to identify the causes of delay, the parties responsible, and how delay can be avoided. This paper will outline how these factors impact damage assessment and entitlement. Furthermore, a case study will be presented to show how the responsibility and damages due to delay are assessed and how entitlements are calculated.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.185-201
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• 2023

Grant-free random access (GFRA) can reduce the access delay and signaling cost, and satisfy the short transmission packet and strict delay constraints requirement in internet of things (IoT). IoT is a major trend in the future, which is characterized by the variety of applications and devices. However, most existing studies on GFRA only consider a single type of device and omit the effect of access delay. In this paper, we study GFRA in multicell massive multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) systems where different types of devices with various configurations and requirements co-exist. By introducing the backoff mechanism, each device is randomly activated according to the backoff parameter, and active devices randomly select an orthogonal pilot sequence from a predefined pilot pool. An analytical approximation of the average spectral efficiency for each type of device is derived. Based on it, we obtain the optimal backoff parameter for each type of devices under their delay constraints. It is found that the optimal backoff parameters are closely related to the device number and delay constraint. In general, devices that have larger quantity should have more backoff time before they are allowed to access. However, as the delay constraint become stricter, the required backoff time reduces gradually, and the device with larger quantity may have less backoff time than that with smaller quantity when its delay constraint is extremely strict. When the pilot length is short, the effect of delay constraints mentioned above works more obviously.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 1999

This paper presents a new delay-dependent robust stabilization condition for uncertain time-delay systems. An algorithm involving convex optimization is proposed to compute a suboptimal upper bound of the delay such that the system can be stabilized by the controller for all admissible uncertainties. It is illustrated by numerical examples that the proposed delay-dependent controller can be less conservative than previous results. It is also shown that the proposed delay-dependent controller can even capture the delay-independent stability of the system, which is not possible with existing delay-dependent results.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.195-198
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• 2002

In this note, we suggest a new matching condition and extend the stability analysis to the ultimate boundness of state $\chi$(t) for uncertain input-delay systems, using a sliding control with delay compensation.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2004

This paper presents a design method of delay-dependent control for T-S fuzzy systems with time delays. Based on parallel distributed compensation (PDC) and a descriptor model transformation of the system, a delay-dependent control is utilized. An appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is chosen for delay-dependent stability analysis. A sufficient condition for delay-dependent control is represented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1996

Time delay control(TDC) law has been recently suggested as an effective control technique for nonlinear time-varying systems with uncertain dynamics and/or unpredictable disturbances. This paper focuses on the applications of the TDC algorithm to torque control of an engine system and speed control of an engine/automatic transmission system. Through the stability analysis of the engien system based on TDC, determination of the appropriate time delay and control factor is investigated. It was revealed that the size of time delay of the TDC law should be greater than that of transport delay of the system for both stability and better control performance. Simulation and experimental results for the engine torque control and engine/automatic transmission speed control systems show both relatively good command following and disturbance rejection properties. However, TDC controller shows rather slow responses when applied to the system with large transport delay.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.621-624
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• 2009

The time delay in active and semi-active controls is an important research subject. Many researches on the time-delay control for deterministic systems have been made (Hu and Wang 2002, Yang et al. 1990, Abdel-Mooty and Roorda 1991, Pu 1998, Cai and Huang 2002), while the study on that for stochastic systems is very limited. The effects of the time delay on the control of nonlinear systems under Gaussian white noise excitations have been studied by Bilello et al. (2002). The controlled linear systems with deterministic and random time delay subjected to Gaussian white noise excitations have been treated by Grigoriu (1997). Recently, a stochastic averaging method for quasi-integrable Hamiltonian systems with time delay has been proposed (Liu and Zhu 2007). In the present paper, a stochastic optimal time-delay control method for stochastically excited nonlinear structural systems is proposed based on the stochastic averaging method for quasi Hamiltonian systems with time delay and the stochastic dynamical programming principle. An example of stochastically excited and controlled hysteretic column is given to illustrate the proposed control method.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권10A호
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• pp.1590-1597
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• 2000

This paper describes a CMOS data recovery circuit using oversampling technique. Digital oversampling is done using a delay locked loop circuit locked to multiple clock periods. The delay locked loop circuit generates the vernier delay resolution less than the gate delay of the delay chain. The transition and non-transition counting algorithm for 4x oversampling was implemented for data recovery and verified through FPGA. The chip has been fabricated with 0.6um CMOS technology and measured results are presented.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권5호
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• pp.31-43
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• 1996

In this paper, we analyze the delay characteristics of the multimdedia traffic in B-ISDN, and propose a weighted variable-size window estimator considering the QoS characteristics of the media and the variable delay characteristics of the networks, and present a delay estimator-based synchronization protocol for the efficient synchronization in ATM-based B-ISDN. The proposed estimator assigns a high weight value to recent cells arrived in the receiver, and suitably adjusts window size in order to efficiently adapt to delay variation by the prameter to detect the delay variation of the networks. The proposed synchronization protocol estimates end-to-end delay by the weighted variable-size window estimator, and dynamically schedules th evirtual channel of the transmitter to playout multimedia data on time in the receiver. Also, we evaluate the performance of the delay estimator, which is the most importnat functional element in our proposed synchronization protocol, by the simulation and analyze the results of the simulation.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2006년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.268-270
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper was to explore delay avoiding measures and strategies. The paper was based on previous work of authors on finding delay causes. Firstly, the paper has discussed about delay avoidance measures prescribed by the previous work. As the previous study identified five main causes of construction delays, various measures and strategies to overcome those delay problems have been discussed in sequence in the last sections. Major delay prevention strategies are: involving stakeholders in the project decisions, outreach program, realistic time and resource estimation, try to adjust the triple constraints of time, cost and scope, ensure fair and complete disclosure of information at an early stage of the construction project, contractor, itself should inquire about patent design errors prior to submitting its bid, owner should include in its contract with the consultant an indemnity (protection) clause etc.