• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.664-671
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• 2010

A genetic linkage map was constructed using 188 $F_9$ RILs derived from a cross between $Solanum$ $lycopersicum$ H7996 (resistant to bacterial wilt) and $S.$ $pimpinellifolium$ WVa700 (highly susceptible to bacterial wilt). The map consisted of 361 markers including 260 DArTs, 74 AFLPs, 4 RFLPs, 1 SNP, and 22 SSRs. The resulting linkage map was comprised of 13 linkage groups covering 2042.7 cM. The genetic linkage map had an average map distance between markers of 5.7 cM, with an average DArT marker density of 1/7.9 cM. Based on the distribution of anchor SSR markers, 11 linkage groups were assigned to 10 chromosomes of tomato except chromosomes 5 and 12. The DArT markers were distributed across the genome in a similar way as other markers and showed the highest frequency of clustering (38.8%) at ${\leq}$ 0.5 cM intervals between adjacent markers, which is 3 times higher than AFLPs (13.5%). The present study is the first utilization of DArT markers in tomato linkage map construction.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.1501-1514
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• 2008

The face shape extracted by the depth values has different appearance as the most important facial information. The face images decomposed into frequency subband are signified personal features in detail. In this paper, we develop a method for recognizing the range face images by multiple frequency domains for each depth image using the modified fuzzy c-mean algorithm. For the proposed approach, the first step tries to find the nose tip that has a protrusion shape on the face from the extracted face area. And the second step takes into consideration of the orientated frontal posture to normalize. Multiple contour line areas which have a different shape for each person are extracted by the depth threshold values from the reference point, nose tip. And then, the frequency component extracted from the wavelet subband can be adopted as feature information for the authentication problems. The third step of approach concerns the application of eigenface to reduce the dimension. And the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method to improve the classification ability between the similar features is adapted. In the last step, the individual classifiers using the modified fuzzy c-mean method based on the K-NN to initialize the membership degree is explained for extracted coefficient at each resolution level. In the experimental results, using the depth threshold value 60 (DT60) showed the highest recognition rate among the extracted regions, and the proposed classification method achieved 98.3% recognition rate, incase of fuzzy cluster.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.405-422
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• 2014

Two important issues in hedonic model are to specify accurate model and delineate submarkets. While the former has experienced much improvement over recent decades, the latter has received relatively little attention. However, the accuracy of estimates from hedonic model will be necessarily reduced when the analysis does not adequately address market segmentation which can capture the spatial scale of price formation process in real estate. Placing emphasis on improvement of performance in hedonic model, this paper tried to segment real estate markets in Gangnam-gu and Jungrang-gu, which correspond to most heterogeneous and homogeneous ones respectively in 25 autonomous districts of Seoul. First, we calculated variable coefficients from mixed geographically weighted regression model (mixed GWR model) as input for clustering, since the coefficient from hedonic model can be interpreted as shadow price of attributes constituting real estate. After that, we developed a spatially constrained data-driven methodology to preserve spatial contiguity by utilizing the SKATER algorithm based on a minimum spanning tree. Finally, the performance of this method was verified by applying a multi-level model. We concluded that submarket does not exist in Jungrang-gu and five submarkets centered on arterial roads would be reasonable in Gangnam-gu. Urban infrastructure such as arterial roads has not been considered an important factor for delineating submarkets until now, but it was found empirically that they play a key role in market segmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2016

In this study, we introduce a design of Fuzzy RBFNNs-based digit recognition system using the incremental-PCA in order to recognize the handwritten digits. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely-adopted dimensional reduction algorithm, but it needs high computing overhead for feature extraction in case of using high dimensional images or a large amount of training data. To alleviate such problem, the incremental-PCA is proposed for the computationally efficient processing as well as the incremental learning of high dimensional data in the feature extraction stage. The architecture of Fuzzy Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN) consists of three functional modules such as condition, conclusion, and inference part. In the condition part, the input space is partitioned with the use of fuzzy clustering realized by means of the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm. Also, it is used instead of gaussian function to consider the characteristic of input data. In the conclusion part, connection weights are used as the extended diverse types in polynomial expression such as constant, linear, quadratic and modified quadratic. Experimental results conducted on the benchmarking MNIST handwritten digit database demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed digit recognition system when compared with other studies.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 1995

A number of investigators have reported formation of radiolytic ultrafine particles produced by the interaction of ionizing radiation with atmospheric trace gases. Previous studies have suggested that a very high localized concentration of the hydroxyl radical produced by the radiolysis of water can react with atmospheric trace gases such as $SO_2$ and produce lower vapor pressure compounds that can subsequently nucleate. To determine the trace gas and water vapor concentration dependence of the active, positively charged, first decayt product of radon (Po-218), a well-controlled radon chamber was used in this research. The mobility spectrum of the decay products in the range of $0.07-5.0cm^2/V\;sec$ from the radon chamber was measured using alpha track detector installed inside a specially-designed electrostatic spectrometer. Measurements were taken for different concentrations (0.5ppm to 5ppm) of $SO_2$ in Purified, Compressed air. A kinetics Study following the clustering of $SO_2$ around the $PoO_x^+$ ion in an excess of $SO_2$ for interpretation of the reaction processes was performed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.379-388
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• 1999

As a first step for delineating the provenance regions of the forest trees in Korea, horizontal zones have been deduced primarily from the various climatic factors such as annual mean temperature, extremely low temperature, relative humidity, annual gum of possible growing days, duration of sunshine and dry index. The basic concept to the delineation of the provenance regions was based on the ecological regions, which was likely to be more practical than that on the basis of the typical provenance regions at the species level. Primary classification of the regions has been based on the forest zones(sub-tropical, warm-temperate, mid-temperate and cool-temperate) as a broad geographic region. Further classification has been carried out using cluster analyses among the basic regions within forest zone. On the basis of clustering, a total of 19 regions including 3 from sub-tropical, 6 from warm-temperate, 8 from mid-temperate and 2 from cool-temperate was horizontally delineated. Of the mean values of 6 climate factors at the broad geographic region level, three factors such as annual mean temperature, extremely low temperature, annual growing days showed directional tendencies from subtropical to cool-temperate, while the others didn't. The values of relative humidity, duration of sunshine and dry index varied among the provenance regions within forest zone. These three factors might he more sensitive by the micro-environment condition than by the macro-environment condition. Present study aimed to delineate the primary provenance regions for tentative application to forest practices. These will be stepwise revised through the supplement using accumulated information regard to genecological data.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.11A no.5
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• pp.355-364
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• 2004

These days, various clustering technologies have been adopted to construct web sites. High performance hardware switches have good performance, but have disadvantage of high cost for constructing small and middle-sized web sites. Now a days, many sites have been constructed with the LVS (Linux Virtual Server), which is free of charge and has good performance. Having a centralized load balancing with one front-end, the LVS causes a bottleneck when it receives all at once. In the paper, we suggest a way to remove the LVS bottleneck by providing multiple front-ends. In this architecture, all of cluster nodes act as both a front-end and a back-end. When the load of a node receiving requests is not large enough, the node responds to the client directly. When the load of a node is large enough, the node send the request to a node which is selected by a scheduling algorithm. The scheduling algorithm is discussed to balance loads between servers. While single front-end cluster raises the throughput curvedly, the multiple front-end cluster raises the throughput linearly.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.109-129
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• 2019

Since the recent financial crisis in universities has caused the decrease of academic library budget, the resource sharing has been considered by utilizing inter-library loan (ILL) data for solving the financial deficit. This study aims to identify the collection profiles of western monographs' ILL data among 4-year academic libraries. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, this study analyzes ILL data from 2011 to 2017 using the bibliographic data and ILL transactions of the KERIS union catalog. The findings of the study show that the western monographs was significantly provided by large-scale academic libraries in 2011, however, the extent of major regions expanded, and the number of influential institutions rose in 2016. Second, in 2012, the influence in the ILL network increased in the quantity of western monographs holdings and the proportion of common collections. On the other hand, in 2016, it was also shown that the influence in terms of provision in the ILL network increased in the proportion of unique collections. Lastly, the ILL participating academic libraries were classified into six clusters by a hierarchical clustering analysis of holdings and ILL indexes.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.525-532
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• 2021

In the ocean, it is difficult to separate the effects of one cause due to the multiple causes, but the self-organizing map can be analyzed by adding other factors to the cluster result. Therefore, in this study, the results of the clustering of sea level data were applied to sea surface temperature. Sea level data was clustered into a total of 6 nodes. The difference between sea surface temperature and sea level height has a one-month delay, which applied sea surface temperature data a month ago to the clustered results. As a result of comparing the mean of sea surface temperature of 140 to 150°E, where the sea surface temperature was variously distributed, in the case of nodes 1, 3, and 5, it was possible to find a meandering sea surface temperature distribution that is clearly distinguished from the sea level data. While nodes 2, 4 and 6, the sea surface temperature distribution was smooth. In this study, sea surface temperature data were applied to the clustered results of sea level data, but later it is necessary to apply wind or geostrophic velocity data to compare.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.851-868
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• 2012

After the financial crisis in 2008, the financial market still seems to be unstable with expanding the insolvency of the financial companies' real estate project financing loan in the aftermath of the lasted real estate recession. Especially after the illegal actions of people's financial institutions disclosed, while increased the anxiety of economic subjects about financial markets and weighted in the confusion of financial markets, the potential risk for the overall national economy is increasing. Thus as economic recession prolongs, the people's financial institutions having a weak profit structure and financing ability commit illegal acts in a variety of ways in order to conceal insolvent assets. Especially it is hard to find the loans of shareholder and the same borrower sharing credit risk in advance because most of them usually use a third-party's name bank account. Therefore, in order to effectively detect the fraud under other's name, it is necessary to analyze by clustering the borrowers high-related to a particular borrower through an analysis of association between the whole borrowers. In this paper, we introduce Analysis Techniques for detecting financial loan frauds in advance through an analysis of association between the whole borrowers by extending SNA(social network analysis) which is being studied by focused on sociology recently to the forensic accounting field of the financial frauds. Also this technique introduced in this pager will be very useful to regulatory authorities or law enforcement agencies at the field inspection or investigation.