• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.163-171
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate kinematic mechanism of gait different road conditions(dry vs. oil) in order women. For this study, twenty older women and ten young women participated in this research. twelve infrared cameras were used to collect data. It appeared that the gait strategies of older women were slower velocity and higher CoM than young women. Depending on road conditions, gait velocities of dominant muscle older women on dry surface were faster than dominant sense older women, but those of them were inverse on oil surface. The slip displacement of dominant muscle older women was less than young women, but the slip displacement of dominant sense older women was greater than young women. In case of blind during stance phase on oil surface, the rotational motion of the ankle and knee joints were increased. In conclusion, older women were subjected to self-organization theory and phase shift in dynamic theory.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.727-739
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• 2021

Over the past decades, the Jordanian government has made great efforts to help poor women start small businesses by providing microcredit and facilitating financial services. Although in Jordan almost hundreds of thousands of women have the ability to contribute more fully to their economy, they are reluctant to do so. Women's participation in economic activities in 2016 was only 13.2%, while the unemployment rate for Jordanian women was 24.1%. The decline in women's participation in small business management has gradually become an important issue following the trial of more than 13,000 Jordanian women for non-payment of their micro-loans. This study aims to identify the factors that hinder Jordanian women from achieving job stability. In this qualitative study, a semi-structured interview method with sixteen open-ended questions was used to collect relevant data. A purposeful sampling method is also used to select participants. To analyze the data, this study used NVivo 11 software as a method. Using System Theory, this study showed that women's failure depends on three factors: women entrepreneurs, the environment around women entrepreneurs, and micro-financial institutions. Findings of this study suggest that strengthen women's entrepreneurship sustainability and minimize the risk of failure should be done through integrated strategies include these three domains.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.248-256
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• 2008

Purpose: The findings of various studies and policy reports on marriage change, international marriage migrant women and its issues are presented in this study. Method: Research objectives were accomplished by conducting a literature review. The main areas of the literature review included married migrant women, its challenges, and current policies for international marriage migrant women. Result: Women migrating through international marriage are known to face various difficulties due to their migration. Some important obstacles women migrants face in the Republic of Korea are cultural differences in daily lifestyle, language, food, health care services, cultural assumptions, gender structure, family relationships, expected roles within family, interpersonal relationships and more. The plights of married migrant women include commercialization of international marriage, false information regarding the spouse, family abuse, insecure nationality, economic difficulty and unemployment, racial prejudice, and cultural maladjustment. Current support policies for migrant women living in Korea are suggested. Conclusion: This study concluded with policy implications and recommendations for future study. In addition, the author suggests the necessity of programs and policies for the improvement of married migrant women's well-being based on women's health and family nursing dimensions.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the nursing needs of parturient women with those of nurses during the perinatal period. Method: The subjects of this study were in two groups, one of which was composed of 244 postpartum women (vaginal delivery) while the other was composed of 144 nurses. The data was collected using a self-report Questionnaire between July and November of 2007, and was analyzed using the SPSS Win 12.0 program. Result: Statistically significant differences were found in nursing needs, specifically in the aspects of physical care, safety of delivery and newborn care between the nurse group and the parturient women group during the perinatal period. Furthermore, the nursing needs of parturient women were higher than those of nurses with regard to environmental needs, safety of delivery, newborn care, and especially among items such as routine examinations and the maintenance of hygiene during labor, as well as a desire for "kind and faithful" care. In addition, it was found that the nursing needs of parturient women in Women's hospitals were higher than those in University hospitals. Conclusion: This study showed that parturient women desire to be educated regarding Perinatal care for themselves and for their newborn.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.560-578
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop prevention and educational programs for battered women. The first stage was to assess battered women's health status and health needs. The second stage was to develop prevention and educational programs to improve battered women's health. A survey research design was used to gather data from June-November 1999 by the counselor. Research sample was recruited from shelter and women's counseling centers in Seoul, Inchon, Chooncheon, Taejeon, and Jeoju. Trained counselors contacted 218 women, who agreed verbally to participate in the study. The researcher did a literature review and developed the tool used. We did ten pretests and three counselors checked the tool for content validity. The reliability and validity of the instrument were acceptable. The second stage of the research consisted of lay-professional groups discussing the abuse problems and possible solutions. Each group had five professionals (counsellor, nurse, minister, psychiatrist, social worker) and five women who have experienced battering from her husband in community. Result of the survey and two(lay persons and professionals) group discussions showed that victims need more assessment of physical, mental and spiritual needs. Victims were beaten more often during their pregnancies than at other times. Various kind of strategy were frequently utilized, but still the number of women abused and suicides committed increased. Both studies showed that the women experienced severe beating, that they felt powerless, that they need to understand that society abuser characteristics, that they lack a protection support system and that society lacks would an understanding of battered women. Based on the result of both studies, we developed model for prevention and education of battered women. This educational program will increase women s power to solve the abuse problems. The ultimate goal of the program is to develop a one-stop center to give wholistic approach care to women in abuse situations.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare alcohol drinking behaviors between living alone and living together women in Korea. Methods: 6~7th National Heath and Nutrition Examination Survey(2013~2016) data were analyzed using SPSS statistics complex samples. 9,373 Korean Women, aged 19-65 years were included in this study. Among them, 560 participants(5.1%) was living alone women and analyzed between characteristics of drinking behaviors of living alone and living together women. Results: Adjusted confounding variables were analyzed and the risk of light drinking behavior was not significant between the groups. However the group of living alone women showed in higher risk of binge drinking(OR=1.57, 95%CI=1.19-2.07) than those of living together women. Conclusions: Living alone women were associated with binge drinking behaviors compared to living together women. Thus, living alone women are needed to concern on social behaviors including alcohol drinking.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.327-338
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to obtain information from married women regarding obesity-related factors and psychological eating behaviors, and to compare those variables among three groups, namely underweight, normal, and obese. The participants completed questionnaires regarding general obesity-related factors, major food servings/day, physical activity, dieting behaviors, perceptions of body image, and psychological eating behaviors. The results were as follows: The obese women reported a higher percentage of family history of obesity (74.8%) than the normal (43.5%) or underweight (28.2%) women. Most of the obese women (90.0%) accurately perceived their body image compared to 72.5% of the underweight and 56.6% of the normal weight women(p<0.001). No significant differences were found among the three groups for daily hours of exercise or computer use. In the case of hours of television watched daily, significant differences were found among the groups (obese 104 min/day, normal 87 min/day, underweight 76/min, p<0.05). Only 17.9% of the obese women reported eating 2 servings of milk products/day and only 23.2% of them reported eating 3 servings of protein foods/day as compared to the normal (25.4%, 18.0%) and underweight (29.4%, 41.7%) (p<0.01) women. About 98% of the obese and 78.5% of the normal weight women wanted to loose weight compared to only 10% of the underweight women (p<0.001). Psychological eating behavior was significantly correlated with subject BMI ($r^2$=0.32, p<0.01). Also, more obese women were unsatisfied with their body and had emotional eating behaviors as compared to the normal and underweight women, and this was statistically significant (p<0.001). In conclusion, the obese women had high perception rates of their body image, but had negative-psychological eating behaviors. Special behavior therapy is needed for obese women who show body dissatisfaction, emotional eating behaviors, long hours of daily TV viewing, and low intakes of protein and milk products.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2009

This study compares Korean and Japanese college women's self-evaluation on obesity and examines their attitude to weight control. The subjects of this study were 101 college women residing in Daegu-si of Korea and 123 Japanese college women living in Saga-ken of Japan. A survey was conducted by each of the participants and was analyzed. This self-evaluation on obesity revealed that 47.5% of Korean college women answered that they were obese while 31.7% of Japanese college women responded they were. The results of this study show that there are about 5% of college women in both Japan and Korea who thought they were obese, even though they were actually normal or underweight. Both Korean and Japanese women who considered themselves obese selected wrong eating habits as the cause of their obesity. In terms of their recognition on ashamedness, Japanese college women showed rather stronger recognition than Korean ones. In addition, more Korean college women responded that they had been suggested to lose weight than Japanese ones. In terms of the factors that motivate weight control, few women in either Korea or Japan controlled their weight for health reasons. Most of the Korean and Japanese college women chose the size of their clothes, their undesirable look reflected on the mirror, or having no boyfriend as the chief motivating factors for weight control. In terms of their attitude towards weight control, Japanese college women checked their weight more frequently than Korean ones. Moreover, both Korean and Japanese college women were directly motivated to lose weight while they were talking with their friends.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2004

Bone mineral density (BMD) focus one's attention on prevention effects of osteoporosis. This study was conducted to investigate BMD (lumbar spin : L2- L4, femur neck : m, femur trochanter TR, femur ward's triangle : WT, wrist) and look into the factors that affect BMD by menopause in 89 nonsmoking healthy Korean women (40-60 yr). Anthropometric index and body composition, nutrient intakes, osteocalcin and total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and calcium in serum were determined. Body fat mass, diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol concentration of postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those of premenopausal women. FN, TR, WT, wrist BMD of postmenopausal women were not different from those of premenopausal women. However L2- L4 BMD of postmenopausal women was lower than that of premenopausal women. Significant positive correlations were found between L2-L4, FN, TR, WT and weight (r = 0.44, r = 0.64, r = 0.58, r = 0.57) and significant positive correlations were found between FN, TR, WT and BMI (r =: 0.54, r = 0.41, r = 0.54) of premenopausal women. Whereas significant positive correlation was only found between TR BMD and weight. BMI (r = 0.38, r = 0.29) of postmenopausal women. FN BMD and WC (waist circumstance) of premenopausal women were found significant positive correlation (r = 0.35) whereas L2-L4 BMD and WC of postmenopausal women was found significant negative correlation (r = -0.31) . In premenopausal women. differences of bone BMD were not shown by exercise and alcohol drinking, but in postmenopausal women, significant difference of FN BMD was shown by exercise and alcohol drinking. These results suggested that by menopause, effects of weight, BMI, WC, exercise and alcohol drinking on bone BMD were different. Therefore, by menopause, we should consider the different ways to increase the bone BMD according to different factors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2004

Adequate vitamin B$_2$ vitamin B$_{6}$, folate and vitamin B$_{12}$ nutrition is known to be important for reproductive function in women of childbearing age. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum vitamin B$_2$ vitamin B$_{6}$, folate and vitamin B$_{12}$ status and serum homocysteine levels in 115 women aged 33.2$\pm$4.0 years, who had been diagnosed with infertility, and 49 women aged 34.5$\pm$3.8 years having at least one born child. Total vitamin B$_2$ and vitamin B$_{6}$ intakes in infertile women were significantly lower than those in control. Serum vitamin B$_2$ vitamin B$_{6}$, folate and vitamin B$_{12}$ concentrations were significantly lower in infertile women than those in control and serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in infertile women than those in control. Thirteen percent in infertile women and zero percent in control were assessed as hyperhomocysteinemic and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia between infertile women and control. 41% infertile women were assessed as folate deficiency. Serum folate concentrations was negatively correlated with serum homocysteine of the infertile women and control. Total vitamin B$_2$ intakes was negatively correlated with serum homocysteine of the infertile women and control. Total vitamin B$_{6}$, folate intakes were negatively correlated with homocysteine of infertile women only. In conclusion, infertile women are needed to intake more B vitamins intakes. Furthermore researches are needed to estimate adequate B vitamin supplementation in infertile women. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 115-122, 2004): 115-122, 2004)