• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.41
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• pp.177-188
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• 1997

This study describes the important information for establishing Human Computer Interface System for solving the large scale Traveling Saleman Problem in Printed Circuit Board production. Appropriate types and sizes of partitioning of large scale problems are discussed. Optimal tours for the special patterns appeared in PCB's are given. The comparision of optimal solutions of non-Euclidean problems and Euclidean problems shows the possibilities of using human interface in solving the Chebyshev TSP. Algorithm for the large scale problem using described information and coputational result of the practical problem are given.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1999

According to the importance(production ratio) of special brand eggs, poultry farma can be classified into four types(Types I to IV). A close relation can be observed between these types and farm scale. Special brand eggs used to be the speciality of small-scale, suburban poultry farms. Recently, however, the production of these eggs has been adopted by medium and large farms, too, and is increasing throughout Japan. In particular, small-scale farms specializing in these eggs have attained a high profit and take a characteristic management from as opposed to large-scale poultry farming that adopts the \"small profit and quick returns\" strategy. Because of this, the meaning of special brand egg production to farm management differs according to farm scale. For small poultry farmers, it means securing a high profitability and for medium and large producers, improving the corporate image or meeting the needs for assortment of retailers.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.682-690
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to develop a standardized recipe for the large-scale production of Salbob and Ogokbob. The recipe was standardized as follows: we collected and recorded the amount of ingredients and production procedures currently being used by cooks in the contracted foodservice management company and hotel-based Korean restaurants. According to the food preferences of Koreans, we selected 2 kinds of rice; Salbob and Ogokbob. We developed a revised recipe and an evaluation form. We conducted a sensory evaluation with 30 panels, using a JAR (just-about-right) scale. We developed a standardized recipe for both kinds of rice. Yield, portion size, temperature, preparation time, equipment, cost, ingredients, weight of ingredients, method, and critical point were all components accounted for in the developed recipe. The factor method and the percentage method were proposed techniques for adjusting the recipe, and a direct measurement table for Salbob and Ogokbob was also devised.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.79-85
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• 2018

Many studies have been conducted on large-scale graphene synthesis by chemical vapor deposition. Furthermore, numerous researchers have attempted to develop processes that can continuously fabricate uniform and high-quality graphene. To compete with other types of carbon materials (carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, and so on), various factors, such as price, mass manufacturing capability, and quality, are crucial. Thus, in this study, we examine various large-scale graphene production methods focusing on cost competitiveness and productivity improvements for applications in various fields.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.580-592
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to develop a standardized recipe for the large-scale production of Bibimbab, bean sprout bab, and fried rice. The recipe was standardized as follows. We collected and recorded the quantities of ingredients and production procedures currently used by cooks in the contracted foodservice management company and in hotel-based Korean restaurants. According to the food preferences of Koreans, we selected 3 rices; Bibimbab, bean sprout bab, and fried rice. We then developed a revised recipe and evaluation form. Our sensory evaluation was conducted by 30 taste panels using a JAR(just- about-right) scale. We developed a standardized recipe for 3 rices. Yield, portion size, temperature, preparation time, equipment, cost, ingredients, weight of ingredients, method, and critical point were recorded in the developed recipe. We utilized the factor method and the percentage method for recipe adjustments, and we devised a direct measurement table for Bibimbab, bean sprout bab, and fried rice.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1243-1244
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• 2022

In recent years, the growing interest in off-site construction has led to factories scaling up their manufacturing and production processes in the construction sector. Consequently, continuous large-scale site monitoring in low-variability environments, such as prefabricated components production plants (precast concrete production), has gained increasing importance. Although many studies on computer vision-based site monitoring have been conducted, challenges for deploying this technology for large-scale field applications still remain. One of the issues is collecting and transmitting vast amounts of video data. Continuous site monitoring systems are based on real-time video data collection and analysis, which requires excessive computational resources and network traffic. In addition, it is difficult to integrate various object information with different sizes and scales into a single scene. Various sizes and types of objects (e.g., workers, heavy equipment, and materials) exist in a plant production environment, and these objects should be detected simultaneously for effective site monitoring. However, with the existing object detection algorithms, it is difficult to simultaneously detect objects with significant differences in size because collecting and training massive amounts of object image data with various scales is necessary. This study thus developed a large-scale site monitoring system using edge computing and a small-object detection system to solve these problems. Edge computing is a distributed information technology architecture wherein the image or video data is processed near the originating source, not on a centralized server or cloud. By inferring information from the AI computing module equipped with CCTVs and communicating only the processed information with the server, it is possible to reduce excessive network traffic. Small-object detection is an innovative method to detect different-sized objects by cropping the raw image and setting the appropriate number of rows and columns for image splitting based on the target object size. This enables the detection of small objects from cropped and magnified images. The detected small objects can then be expressed in the original image. In the inference process, this study used the YOLO-v5 algorithm, known for its fast processing speed and widely used for real-time object detection. This method could effectively detect large and even small objects that were difficult to detect with the existing object detection algorithms. When the large-scale site monitoring system was tested, it performed well in detecting small objects, such as workers in a large-scale view of construction sites, which were inaccurately detected by the existing algorithms. Our next goal is to incorporate various safety monitoring and risk analysis algorithms into this system, such as collision risk estimation, based on the time-to-collision concept, enabling the optimization of safety routes by accumulating workers' paths and inferring the risky areas based on workers' trajectory patterns. Through such developments, this continuous large-scale site monitoring system can guide a construction plant's safety management system more effectively.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.36 no.1 s.67
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• pp.139-153
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• 2005

Marine fish aquaculture has been introduced on the East sea since 1964. The production volume of the marine aquaculture has been increasing drastically since 1990 with the technological improvements and the introduction of new species. However, the increasing costs of feed, seedlings and medical supplies and the decreasing prices due to the increase in the imports and domestic production have decreased the profits in the aquaculture business. Futhermore, the damage from the natural disasters such as red tides and typhoons has accelerated the exit from the business. Even though managing abilities to overcome the business crisis caused by the above factors are required, business managers based on the small scale family businesses do not have enough managing abilities to deal with the difficulties in the business. On the other hand, advanced countries in the marine aquaculture such as Norway have reached the stage where the managing abilities of marine aquaculture are similar to those in the manufacturing industry. And the number of large scale aquaculture farms with developed technologies and advanced marketing strategies in those countries is increasing. Considering that the marine aquaculture in Japan under the similar fishery systems of Korea has developed the state-of-the-art management skills or lead to large scale management, it is difficult to expect the decrease in the production costs under the small scale family business in Korea and this will lead to the decreasing competitive advantage over the imported seafood. Therefore marine aquaculture in Korea needs to increase the economy of scale to acquire the competitive advantage. This study addresses the possibility of introducing the large scale aquaculture system in Korea by analysing the factors and process of leading to large scale businesses in the aquaculture in Japan.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 2005

An agricultural commodity production cycle model consisting of corn, beef, and dairy sectors was constructed for the purpose of exploring the propagating effects of large-scale disruptive events. In an initial proof-of-concept exercise, we considered an agricultural disruption scenario in which foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is introduced into the U.S., causing a large-scale outbreak of the disease in both beef and dairy cattle. The magnitude of disruption to the beef and dairy sectors are presented under the existing W response policy and then improvements under two alternative policies are shown.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.311-323
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• 2014

This paper introduces recent applications of three-dimensional building/construction data modeling (3D) and building information modeling (BIM) to large-scale complex building construction projects in Japan. Recently, BIM has been utilized as a tool in construction process innovation through planning, design, engineering, procurement and construction to establish a front-loading-type design building system. Firstly, the background and introduction processes of 3D and BIM are described to clarify their purposes and scopes of applications. Secondly, 3D and BIM applications for typical large-scale complex building construction projects to improve planning and management efficiency in building construction are presented. Finally, future directions and further research issues with 3D and BIM applications are proposed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1154-1163
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• 2024

Glucosylation is a well-known approach to improve the solubility, pharmacological, and biological properties of flavonoids, making flavonoid glucosides a target for large-scale biosynthesis. However, the low yield of products coupled with the requirement of expensive UDP-sugars limits the application of enzymatic systems for large-scale. C. glutamicum is a Gram-positive and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) bacteria frequently employed for the large-scale production of amino acids and biofuels. Due to the versatility of its cell factory system and its non-endotoxin producing properties, it has become an attractive system for the industrial-scale biosynthesis of alternate products. Here, we explored the cell factory of C. glutamicum for efficient glucosylation of flavonoids using apigenin as a model flavonoid, with the heterologous expression of a promiscuous glycosyltransferase, YdhE from Bacillus licheniformis and the endogenous overexpression of C. glutamicum genes galU1 encoding UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and pgm encoding phosphoglucomutase involved in the synthesis of UDP-glucose to create a C. glutamicum cell factory system capable of efficiently glucosylation apigenin with a high yield of glucosides production. Consequently, the production of various apigenin glucosides was controlled under different temperatures yielding almost 4.2 mM of APG1(apigenin-4'-O-β-glucoside) at 25℃, and 0.6 mM of APG2 (apigenin-7-O-β-glucoside), 1.7 mM of APG3 (apigenin-4',7-O-β-diglucoside) and 2.1 mM of APG4 (apigenin- 4',5-O-β-diglucoside) after 40 h of incubation with the supplementation of 5 mM of apigenin and 37℃. The cost-effective developed system could be used to modify a wide range of plant secondary metabolites with increased pharmacokinetic activities on a large scale without the use of expensive UDP-sugars.